Sukhaduhkha, Sukha-duhkha: 14 definitions
Introduction:
Sukhaduhkha means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Sukhaduḥkha (सुखदुःख) refers to “happiness and misery”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.35 (“The story of Padmā and Pippalāda”).—Accordingly, Dharma (in the guise of a king) said to Padmā (wife of sage Pippalāda): “Obeisance to Śiva who distributes happiness, misery (sukhaduḥkha), boons, prosperity or adversity on all. Obeisance to Śiva who can make people enemies or friends, create affection or quarrel, to generate or destroy things. Obeisance to Śiva who has made milk white, who has bestowed chillness on water and heat on fire. Obeisance to Śiva, by whom the primordial nature, the principles Mahat etc, Brahmā, Viṣṇu, Śiva and others are created. [...]”.
Sukhaduḥkha (सुखदुःख) refers to “(one who feels alike in) pleasure and pain”, according to the Rāmāyaṇa chapter 2.29. Accordingly:—“[...] Sītā was distressed to hear these words of Rāma and spoke these words slowly, with her face with tears: ‘[...] Oh Rāma, the scion of Kākutsa! You ought to take me, who is a devotee, so devoted to husband, who is distressed who feels alike in pleasure and pain (sukhaduḥkha) and shares your joys and sorrows’”.
Sukhaduhkha (सुखदुह्ख).—Represent Brahmam.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa IV. 43. 77.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Sukhaduḥkha (सुखदुःख) refers to “pleasure and pain”, according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, while describing the signs of one who is a Siddha: “His heart is uplifted and his nose and the rest (of his face) is well balanced. The sign of one who is well accomplished is that he is well behaved and he produces abundance. His foot is upraised and his thighs are broad, the forehead is well balanced. He is accomplished from a previous life and is Bhairava. His navel has three creases. His penis is small and auspicious. His body is straight and well proportioned. Such a one is accomplished from a previous life in the western (tradition). His nails are well proportioned and red. His hands bear the marks of elevation and his eyes are red. Such is an accomplished one in the previous lineage. His face is like a lotus and his hair is (tied up in a knot in the) foreign style. One who is such and is equal in pleasure and pain [i.e., sukhaduḥkha-sama] is part of the Siddha lineage”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Sukhaduḥkha (सुखदुःख) refers to “pleasure and pain”, according to the Netratantroddyota commentary on the Netratantra of Kṣemarāja: a Śaiva text from the 9th century in which Śiva (Bhairava) teaches Pārvatī topics such as metaphysics, cosmology, and soteriology.—Accordingly, [verse 4.5cd-6, while describing the purification process of the initiand]—“[...] After that comes bhoga, which is the experiencing of pleasure, pain, and delusion (sukhaduḥkha-moha-prāptyātmā). The process of action (laya) [is to] of melt away any trace of fruition, which remains for a short period of time even though the bhoga has ceased. Then [comes] penance (niṣkṛti), which means the complete accomplishing of all bhoga that pertains to birth, life, and experiences. [...]”.
Sukhaduḥkha (सुखदुःख) refers to one of the topics discussed in the Mahāmokṣa-Tantra, a Sanskrit manuscript collected in volume 12 of the catalogue “Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (second series)” by Mahamahopadhyaya Haraprasad Shastri.—The Mahāmokṣatantra manuscript, consisting of 3,024 ślokas (metrical verses), is deposit: Dhaka, Vikramapura Majhapada, Babu Rasavihari Raya. It deals with the salvation, cosmogony (i.e., the order of cosmic regions) and contains a bibliography of Tantric literature.— The catalogue includes the term—Sukhaduḥkha in its ‘subject-matter list’ or Viṣaya (which lists topics, chapters and technical terms). The complete entry reads—sukhaduḥkhayoḥ svarūpādikathanañca .
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Sports, Arts and Entertainment (wordly enjoyments)
Sukhaduḥkha (सुखदुःख) refers to the “(experiences of the) joys and sorrows (of life)”, according to the Śyainika-śāstra: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by Rājā Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.—Accordingly, “[...] Moreover, charming couplets are often heard chanted by the Manes for the welfare of Ruci, who was for renouncing the world:—‘O darling, man’s karma accumulated in previous existences, that is, his merits und demerits, wears away day and night by his “enjoyments,” that is, his experiences of the joys and sorrows of life (sukhaduḥkha). Therefore you, who know what dharma is, will attain peace when your karma wears away’”.
This section covers the skills and profiencies of the Kalas (“performing arts”) and Shastras (“sciences”) involving ancient Indian traditions of sports, games, arts, entertainment, love-making and other means of wordly enjoyments. Traditionally these topics were dealt with in Sanskrit treatises explaing the philosophy and the justification of enjoying the pleasures of the senses.
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
Sukhaduḥkha (सुखदुःख) refers to “pleasure and pain” (presented as originating from fate—daiva), according to the Aṣṭāvakragītā (5th century BC), an ancient text on spirituality dealing with Advaita-Vedānta topics.—Accordingly, [as Aṣṭavakra says to Janaka]: “[...] Realising that misfortune and fortune come in their turn from fate, one is contented, one's senses under control, and does not like or dislike. Realising that pleasure and pain (sukhaduḥkha), birth and death are from fate, and that one's desires cannot be achieved, one remains inactive, and even when acting does not get attached. [...]”.
Vedanta (वेदान्त, vedānta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
Kama-shastra (the science of Love-making)
Sukhaduḥkha (सुखदुःख) refers to “pleasure and pain” (being subservient to the power of destiny, according to the fatalists), according to the Vātsyāyana’s Kāmasūtra: a Sanskrit text from the 2nd century dealing with eroticism, sexuality and emotional fulfillment in life belonging to Kāmaśāstra (the ancient Indian science of love-making).—Accordingly, “[Objection]—Those who believe that destiny is the prime mover of all things say: We should not exert ourselves to acquire wealth, for sometimes it is not acquired although we strive to get it, while at other times it comes to us of itself without any exertion on our part. Everything is therefore in the power of destiny, who is the lord of gain and loss, of success and defeat, of pleasure and pain (sukhaduḥkha). [kālaiva hi puruṣānarthānarthayorjayaparājayayoḥ sukhaduḥkhayośca sthāpayati] Thus we see that Bali was raised to the throne of Indra by destiny, and was also put down by the same power, and it is destiny only that call reinstate him. [...]”.
Kamashastra (कामशास्त्र, kāmaśāstra) deals with ancient Indian science of love-making, passion, emotions and other related topics dealing with the pleasures of the senses.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Sukhaduḥka (सुखदुःक) refers to “pleasure and suffering”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly: “[...] The Bodhisattva Dharmarāja and the whole congregation, having joined the palms of their hands, paid homage to open space, and sat down. Then, by the magical presence of the Bodhisattva Gaganagañja, these verses resonated in open space: ‘[...] (129) Just as open space is not damaged in the hail of spears and arrows, so the Son of the Victorious One (jinaputra) is not afflicted by any suffering coming from all directions. (130) Just as the open space is not delighted by the rain of ambrosia, the Bodhisattva is not pleased with any gain or honour. (131) Just as the open space never makes discriminative construction on praise or blame, so the Bodhisattva is stable and unwavering in pleasure and suffering (sukhaduḥkha) [...]’”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Sukhaduḥkha (सुखदुःख) refers to “pleasure and pain”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “ [com.—Next he speaks about the equivalence (samānatām) of pleasure and pain (sukhaduḥkhayoḥ)]—Certainly, in this world, in that same house wherein that which is charming is praised in song with joy in the morning, it is lamented with sorrow at midday”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Sukhaduḥkha (सुखदुःख).—[neuter] [plural] weal or woe.
Sukhaduḥkha (सुखदुःख):—[=sukha-duḥkha] [from sukha > sukh] n. [dual number] pleasure and pain, joy and sorrow, [Kauṣītaki-upaniṣad]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Nepali dictionary
Sukhaduḥkha (सुखदुःख):—n. → सुक्खदुक्ख [sukkhadukkha]
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Duhkha, Sukha.
Starts with: Sukhaduhkhabhoktritva, Sukhaduhkhaca Sobati, Sukhaduhkhada, Sukhaduhkhadi, Sukhaduhkhahatatman, Sukhaduhkhamaya, Sukhaduhkhasama, Sukhaduhkhasamanvita, Sukhaduhkhasuhrid, Sukhaduhkhatmaka, Sukhaduhkhavahya.
Full-text (+15): Sukhaduhkhamaya, Sukhaduhkhasuhrid, Sukhaduhkhahatatman, Sukhaduhkhasamanvita, Sukhaduhkhavahya, Duhkhasukha, Leku, Samanasukhaduhkhata, Sarvasukhaduhkhanirabhinandin, Kalpanarupa, Sukhaduhkhin, Samanasukhaduhkha, Sukhaduhkhatmaka, Sukhaduhkhadi, Sukhaduhkhada, Sukhdukh, Samudbhuti, Mayika, Ling shou ku le, Vairajya.
Relevant text
Search found 42 books and stories containing Sukhaduhkha, Sukha-duḥkha, Sukha-duhkha, Sukhaduḥkha; (plurals include: Sukhaduhkhas, duḥkhas, duhkhas, Sukhaduḥkhas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Vaisheshika-sutra with Commentary (by Nandalal Sinha)
Sūtra 3.2.19 (Unity of Soul, an an objection) < [Chapter 2 - Of the Inference of Soul and Mind]
Sūtra 3.2.4 (Marks of the existence of the Soul) < [Chapter 2 - Of the Inference of Soul and Mind]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 648 < [Bengali-Hindi-English, Volume 1]
Page 636 < [Marathi-Hindi-English, Volume 2]
Page 72 < [Gujarati-Hindi-English, Volume 2]
Bhagavad-gita (with Vaishnava commentaries) (by Narayana Gosvami)
Verse 15.5 < [Chapter 15 - Puruṣottama-toga (Yoga through understanding the Supreme Person)]
Verse 2.14 < [Chapter 2 - Sāṅkhya-yoga (Yoga through distinguishing the Soul from the Body)]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 6.7.38 < [Chapter 7 - The Marriage of Śrī Rukmiṇī]