Shosha, Sosa, Śoṣa: 26 definitions
Introduction:
Shosha means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Śoṣa can be transliterated into English as Sosa or Shosha, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Kalpa (Formulas, Drug prescriptions and other Medicinal preparations)
Source: Shodhganga: Edition translation and critical study of yogasarasamgrahaŚoṣa (शोष) refers to “emaciation” and is one of the various diseases mentioned in the 15th-century Yogasārasaṅgraha (Yogasara-saṅgraha) by Vāsudeva: an unpublished Keralite work representing an Ayurvedic compendium of medicinal recipes. The Yogasārasaṃgraha [mentioning śoṣa] deals with entire recipes in the route of administration, and thus deals with the knowledge of pharmacy (bhaiṣajya-kalpanā) which is a branch of pharmacology (dravyaguṇa).
Toxicology (Study and Treatment of poison)
Source: Shodhganga: Kasyapa Samhita—Text on Visha ChikitsaŚoṣa (शोष) refers to “dryness (of mouth)”, according to the Kāśyapa Saṃhitā: an ancient Sanskrit text from the Pāñcarātra tradition dealing with both Tantra and Viṣacikitsā—an important topic from Āyurveda which deals with the study of Toxicology (Viṣavidyā or Sarpavidyā).—Sage Kaśyapa gives a very accurate and graphic description of the lightening speed in which poison spreads in a snake-bite victim. The rapid speed which the dhātus or vitals of a snake-bite victim go through successive symptoms is called viṣavega, characterised by seven stages. Profuse sweating and dryness of mouth (mukha-śoṣa) appear in the second stage.
Unclassified Ayurveda definitions
Source: archive.org: Vagbhata’s Ashtanga Hridaya Samhita (first 5 chapters)Śoṣa (शोष) refers to “xerostomia” or “desiccation”, mentioned in verse 4.11-15 of the Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā (Sūtrasthāna) by Vāgbhaṭa.—Accordingly, “[...] Xerostomia [viz., śoṣa], flaccidity of limbs, deafness, stupor, giddiness, and heart-disease (result) from the restraint of thirst. In this ease every cold application (is) wholesome. [...] From the stoppage of cough (result) its increase, dyspnea, anorexia, heart-disease, desiccation [viz., śoṣa], and hiccup. In this case a still more cough-destroying application (is) to be made”.
Note: Śoṣa (verse 11) denotes any kind of desiccation and is not specified in the commentaries, has been paraphrased by kha (b)skams (“one’s mouth is dry”) and hence may be understood as xerostomia.—Śoṣa (“desiccation”) [in verse 15] has been rendered skem(s)-byed—(“making dry”) which, properly speaking, is the epithet of a demon that causes drought in general and desiccation of the body in particular. In Mahāvyutpatti 4761 it is equated to Skanda (“Attacker”), a name of Kārttikeya, who, among other things, is leader of the demons of children’s diseases (cf. VI.3.11). The word may also be used in the metonymical sense of drought and desiccation as such.
Śoṣa (“xerostomia”) is sometimes synonymous to śopha, according to verse 3.29 of the Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā.—The copulative compound śopha-śaithilya-dāha-moha (“cutaneous swellings, flaccidity, heat, and stupor”) has been resolved into a series of predicatively used adjectives: kha bskams lhod thsa daṅ rmoṅs-pa (“dry in the mouth, flaccid, hot, and stuporous”). For śopha (“cutaneous swelling”) the translators read apparently śoṣa (“xerostomia”, given as a variant in the Kottayam edition); CD write kha skom instead of kha bskams, which would mean “thirsty in the mouth”.
Śoṣa is also used as a synonym of Rājayakṣman (“consumption”).—Śośin (“suffering from desiccation”) has been paraphrased by lus skyem gyur, lit. “having become thirsty as to the body”. Śoṣa serves as a synonym of rājayakṣman (“consumption”) which is called “desiccation” on the ground that it desiccates the elements (rasādiśoṣaṇac choṣaḥ III.5.3). Hemādri offers mukhaśoṣa (“xerostomia”) as an alternative interpretation, quoting Suśrutasaṃhitā IV.24.24:—“(Betel is) not good for those affected with hemorrhage, pulmonary rupture and consumption, thirst, and stupor, for those who are rough, weak, and drunk, (and) for those suffering from xerostomia”.
Source: Research Gate: Internal applications of Vatsanabha (Aconitum ferox wall)Śoṣa (शोष) refers to “destroying disease”. Vatsanābha (Aconitum ferox), although categorized as sthāvara-viṣa (vegetable poisons), has been extensively used in ayurvedic pharmacopoeia.
Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of termsŚoṣa (शोष):—Dryness, Wasting
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: Shodhganga: Mantra-sādhana: Chapter One of the KakṣapuṭatantraŚoṣa (शोष, “drying”) or Śoṣaṇa refers to one of the “seven means” (saptopāya) to be performed when a mantra does not manifest its effect, as explained in the 10th-century Kakṣapuṭatantra verse 1.104-105. Śoṣa, which aims to dry up the mantra, should be performed. The practitioner attaches the bījas of Vāyu, the god of Wind, to it, and keeps the written mantra around his neck. The last resort is the dahanīya, which aims to burn the mantra at the stake.
Accordingly, “if the nourished [mantra] does not have an effect, one should perform the śoṣaṇa (drying up). One should [attach] the mantra to double bījas [of Vāyu (i.e. yaṃ)], in the vidarbhaṇa manner. The vidyā written with the ashes of the vaṭa (banyan) should be kept around his neck. If the dried [mantra] does not have an effect, one should perform the dahanīya (burning) with Agni’s bīja (i.e., raṃ)”.
Note on śoṣa-poṣaṇa: the Tattvacintāmaṇi (20.94) and Bṛhattantrasāra (4.47) support poṣa-soṣaṇa and the Dīkṣāprakāśa supports poṣaṇa-śoṣaṇa. They are explained in order of poṣaṇa and śoṣaṇa, as we see below. Note on vidarbhaṇa: it is the method of arranging an alternating bīja and an akṣara of the mantra. Note on vaṭabhasma: the Tattvacintāmaṇi (20.105) and Bṛhattantrasāra (4.54) support varabhasma (ashes of turmeric?).
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Vastushastra (architecture)
Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (architecture)Śoṣa (शोष) refers to one of the deities to be installed in the ground plan for the construction of houses, according to the Bṛhatkālottara, chapter 112 (the vāstuyāga-paṭala).—The plan for the construction is always in the form of a square. That square is divided into a grid of cells (padas). [...] Once these padas have been laid out, deities [e.g., Śoṣa] are installed in them. In the most common pattern 45 deities are installed.
Śoṣa as a doorway deity is associated with the Nakṣatra called Aśvinī and the consequence is śoṣa. [...] The Mayasaṃgraha (verse 5.156-187) describes a design for a 9-by-9-part pura, a residential complex for a community and its lead figure. [...] This record lists a place for a room for visitors at Asura and Śoṣa.
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
Mantrashastra (the science of Mantras)
Source: Wisdom Library: MantrashastraŚoṣa (शोष, “withering”) (or śoṣana) refers to “drying the mantra” and represents one of the seven techniques to improve or revive fruitless mantras (i.e., “mantras that do not bring satisfaction and visible improvements”), according to the Kakṣapuṭatantra verses 1.89.91.—The operation of Śoṣa (drying the mantra) is described as: The practitioner should write a matra[?] with the bīja of Vāyu [yaṃ], the god of wind, attached to it and wear it around the neck. The last thing you can do is dahana or dahanīya (burning).
Mantrashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, mantraśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science of mantras—chants, incantations, spells, magical hymns, etc. Mantra Sastra literature includes many ancient books dealing with the methods reciting mantras, identifying and purifying its defects and the science behind uttering or chanting syllables.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan BuddhismŚoṣa (शोष) refers to one of the male Vidyā-beings mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa: one of the largest Kriyā Tantras devoted to Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śākyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Śoṣa).
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: De Gruyter: A Buddhist Ritual Manual on AgricultureŚoṣa (शोष) refers to the “drying up (of one’s residence)”, according to the Vajratuṇḍasamayakalparāja, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.—Accordingly, [after the Bhagavān taught the great heart-dhāraṇī], “[...] If it is otherwise and you neglect the Tathāgata’s authorization and his dignity of speech, then all Nāga residences are ignited and burnt. [...] Let them be deprived of power, and their valour be destroyed. Let them be without water. Let there be the drying up of the residence (bhavana-śoṣa). Let them have hard bodies. Let them always have the danger of fire-sand and be hungry and thirsty. [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)Shosha in India is the name of a plant defined with Baccaurea courtallensis in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Pierardia macrostachya Wight & Arn. (among others).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis (DC.) (1866)
· Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. (1912)
· Flora of the British India (1887)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Shosha, for example chemical composition, diet and recipes, pregnancy safety, health benefits, extract dosage, side effects, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionarysosa : (m.) drying up; consumption.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionarySosa, (fr. śuṣ) drying up, consumption Vin. I, 71; Vism. 345. (Page 726)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryśōṣa (शोष).—m (S) Drying up; drawing forth the moisture of: also drawing in or sucking up of moisture or liquor, absorbing. 2 Absorbedness, drawn and desiccated state. 3 Absorbing or sucking quality; dryness and eagerness after moisture (as of ashes, lime &c.) 4 Drought or great dryness (of weather, wells, rivers--pāṇyācā śōṣa). 5 Inordinate and raging thirst. 6 Pulmonary consumption.
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sōśā (सोशा).—a (Imit. sōṃ! sōṃ! the sound fancied.) That comes in sudden puffs and gusts, or that comes in a puff--wind.
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sōsa (सोस).—m (sōsaṇēṃ) Holding in; restraining one's self; enduring or bearing. v dhara. 2 Suffering or bearing generally. v kara.
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sōsa (सोस).—m (śōṣa S) Strong longing or desire. In good or bad sense. v ghē. 2 In its other senses the word is viewed rather as corrupted than as derived from śōṣa, which see throughout. sōsā sōsānēṃ or sōsēṃ sōsēṃ Eagerly, cravingly, with impatient or earnest desire.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishśōṣa (शोष).—m Drying up. Absorbedness. Inor- dinate and raging thirst.
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sōsa (सोस).—m Strong longing or desire; enduring.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryŚoṣa (शोष).—[śuṣ-ghañ]
1) Drying up, dryness; ह्रदशोषविक्लवाम् (hradaśoṣaviklavām) Kumārasambhava 4.39; so आस्यशोषः, कण्ठशोषः (āsyaśoṣaḥ, kaṇṭhaśoṣaḥ) &c.
2) Emaciation, withering up; शरीरशोषः, कुसुमशोषः (śarīraśoṣaḥ, kusumaśoṣaḥ) &c.; पुनः शोषं गमिष्यामि निरम्बुर्निरवग्रहः (punaḥ śoṣaṃ gamiṣyāmi niramburniravagrahaḥ) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 3.7.5.
3) Pulmonary consumption or consumption in general; संशोषणाद् रसादीनां शोष इत्यभिधीयते (saṃśoṣaṇād rasādīnāṃ śoṣa ityabhidhīyate) Suśr.; शोषोत्सर्गे कर्मभिर्देहमोक्षे सरस्वत्यः श्रेयसे संप्रवृत्ताः (śoṣotsarge karmabhirdehamokṣe sarasvatyaḥ śreyase saṃpravṛttāḥ) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 13. 76.12.
Derivable forms: śoṣaḥ (शोषः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryŚoṣa (शोष).—m.
(-ṣaḥ) 1. Pulmonary consumption. 2. Drying up, dryness. 3. Intumescence, swelling. 4. Emaciation, withering. E. śuṣ to dry, aff. ghañ .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryŚoṣa (शोष).—i. e. śuṣ + a, m. 1. Drying up, [Pañcatantra] 51, 5; 159, 15. 2. Exsiccation, ib. 76, 11. 3. Pulmonary consumption.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryŚoṣa (शोष).—1. [adjective] drying up, parching, removing, destroying; [masculine] exsiccation, drought, consumption.
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Śoṣa (शोष).—2. [masculine] breath, vital energy.
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Soṣa (सोष).—[adjective] mixed with alkaline earth.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Śoṣa (शोष):—[from śuṣ] a etc. See 1. śoṣa, p. 1092, col. 2.
2) [from śuṣ] b See 2. śoṣa, p. 1092, col. 2.
3) 1. śoṣa mfn. ([from] √1. śuṣ) drying up, desiccating (also [figuratively] = ‘removing, destroying’), [Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
4) m. the act of drying up, desiccation, dryness, [Mahābhārata; Suśruta]
5) pulmonary consumption (also personified as an evil demon), [Suśruta; Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā; Hemādri’s Caturvarga-cintāmaṇi]
6) (also [wrong reading] for śotha or śopha.)
7) 2. śoṣa m. ([from] √śū = śvi; cf. śūṣa) breath, vital energy, [Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā] ([Mahīdhara])
8) Soṣa (सोष):—mfn. mixed with salt earth (See ūṣa), [Yājñavalkya]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryŚoṣa (शोष):—(ṣaḥ) 1. m. Pulmonary consumption; drying; swelling.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Śoṣa (शोष) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Sukkava, Sosa.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryŚośā (शोशा):—(nm) a projecting point (as in some Arabic letters); queer thing; feeler; —[choḍanā] to let off a squib, to give a feeler.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary1) Sosa (सोस) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Śauṣa.
2) Sosa (सोस) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Śoṣa.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusŚōṣa (ಶೋಷ):—
1) [noun] the act of becoming dry.
2) [noun] an infectious disease that may affect almost any tissue of the body, esp. the lungs, caused by the organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and characterised by tubercles; tuberculosis.
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Sōsa (ಸೋಸ):—
1) [noun] a bold, risky undertaking; a hazardous action; an adventure.
2) [noun] the quality of being bold, brave, valorous.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+4): Shoshai, Shoshajvara, Shoshak, Shoshaka, Shoshaki, Shoshamberu, Shoshan, Shoshana, Shoshanala, Shoshane, Shoshanem, Shoshani, Shoshaniya, Shoshapaha, Shoshareya, Shosharujarta, Shosharujarte, Shoshasambhava, Shoshayan, Shoshayitar.
Ends with (+1): Asthishosha, Asyashosha, Bhavanashosha, Dhatukashosha, Duhshosha, Hricchosha, Jalashosha, Kanthashosha, Mukhashosha, Nasaparishosha, Nasashosha, Osshosha, Panashosha, Parisosa, Prashosha, Samshosha, Samudrashosha, Talugalaprashosha, Talushosha, Upashosha.
Full-text (+80): Parisosa, Shoshana, Duhshosha, Asthishosha, Talushosha, Mukhashosha, Shoshasambhava, Hrikchosha, Urdhvashosham, Nasashosha, Jalashosha, Shoshapaha, Kanthashosha, Soshi, Sosa kecil, Sosa daru, Shoshai, Shokha, Shausha, Sosika.
Relevant text
Search found 27 books and stories containing Shosha, Sosa, Śoṣa, Śōṣa, Sōsa, Sośā, Sōśā, Sosha, Soṣa, Śośā; (plurals include: Shoshas, Sosas, Śoṣas, Śōṣas, Sōsas, Sośās, Sōśās, Soshas, Soṣas, Śośās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Sushruta Samhita, Volume 6: Uttara-tantra (by Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna)
Chapter XLI - Symptoms and Treatment of Phthisis (Shosha) < [Canto III - Kaya-chikitsa-tantra (internal medicine)]
Chapter XXIII - Therapeutics of nasal diseases < [Canto I - Shalakya-tantra (ears, eyes, nose, mouth and throat)]
Chapter XXII - Causes and symptoms of diseases of the nose < [Canto I - Shalakya-tantra (ears, eyes, nose, mouth and throat)]
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī)
Verse 2.4.151 < [Part 4 - Transient Ecstatic Disturbances (vyābhicāri-bhāva)]
Verse 2.5.60 < [Part 5 - Permanent Ecstatic Mood (sthāyī-bhāva)]
Verse 2.4.48 < [Part 4 - Transient Ecstatic Disturbances (vyābhicāri-bhāva)]
Jivanandana of Anandaraya Makhin (Study) (by G. D. Jayalakshmi)
Rajayakṣmā-Pratināyaka < [Chapter 4 - Āyurvedic principles in Jīvanandana Nāṭaka]
Diseases related to Sapta-dhātus and their cure < [Chapter 4 - Āyurvedic principles in Jīvanandana Nāṭaka]
Analysis of Rajayakṣmā (Pratināyaka) < [Chapter 6 - Dramatic aspects of the Jīvanandana Nāṭaka]
Charaka Samhita (English translation) (by Shree Gulabkunverba Ayurvedic Society)
Chapter 6 - The Pathology of Consumption (shosha-nidana) < [Nidanasthana (Nidana Sthana) — Section on Pathology]
Chapter 19 - The Eight Abdominal affections (udara-roga) < [Sutrasthana (Sutra Sthana) — General Principles]
Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 4: Iatrochemistry (by Bhudeb Mookerjee)
Part 4 - Ksaya-jvara or Shosha-jvara (fever due to consumption) < [Chapter II - Fever (jvara)]
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 3.217 < [Section XIV - Method of Feeding]
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