Si zhong man tu luo, Sì zhòng màn tú luó, Sì zhǒng màn tú luó: 4 definitions
Introduction:
Si zhong man tu luo means something in Buddhism, Pali. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Buddhism
Chinese Buddhism
四重曼荼羅 [si zhong man tu luo]—The Garbhadhātu maṇḍala of one central and three surrounding courts. The occupants are described as 四重聖衆 [si zhong sheng zhong] the sacred host of the four courts.
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
四重曼荼羅 [si zhong man tu luo]—Fourfold Mandala—[Terminology] First, the central womb (中胎 [zhong tai]), which is the eight-petaled lotus with nine deities (八葉九尊 [ba ye jiu zun]). Second, the Pervasive Wisdom Court (徧智院 [bian zhi yuan]) and others are called the first layer (第一重 [di yi zhong]), also known as the first court (第一院 [di yi yuan]). Third, the Manjushri Court (文殊院 [wen shu yuan]) and others are called the second layer (第二重 [di er zhong]), also known as the second court (第二院 [di er yuan]). Fourth, the Shakyamuni Court (釋迦院 [shi jia yuan]), along with the Two Vehicles (二乘 [er cheng]) and Eight Divisions (八部 [ba bu]), are called the third layer (第三重 [di san zhong]), also known as the third court (第三院 [di san yuan]). The above, with the central womb and the three courts, constitute the Fourfold Mandala, also called the Fourfold Circular Altar (四重圓壇 [si zhong yuan tan]). This is the meaning taught by the ācāryas (阿闍梨 [a du li]) as explained in the sutra commentaries (經疏 [jing shu]), not the meaning of the extant mandala diagrams (現圖曼荼羅 [xian tu man tu luo]). See the entry for Extant Mandala Diagrams (現圖曼荼羅 [xian tu man tu luo]).
四重曼荼羅—【術語】第一中胎，八葉九尊也。第二徧智院等謂之第一重，又云第一院。第三文殊院等謂之第二重，又云第二院。第四釋迦院，并二乘八部等，謂之第三重，又云第三院。已上以中胎與三院為四重曼荼羅，亦云四重圓壇。是經疏所說阿闍梨所傳之義，非現圖曼荼羅之義也。見現圖曼陀羅條。(現圖曼陀羅)
[shù yǔ] dì yī zhōng tāi, bā yè jiǔ zūn yě. dì èr biàn zhì yuàn děng wèi zhī dì yī zhòng, yòu yún dì yī yuàn. dì sān wén shū yuàn děng wèi zhī dì èr zhòng, yòu yún dì èr yuàn. dì sì shì jiā yuàn, bìng èr chéng bā bù děng, wèi zhī dì sān zhòng, yòu yún dì sān yuàn. yǐ shàng yǐ zhōng tāi yǔ sān yuàn wèi sì zhòng màn tú luó, yì yún sì zhòng yuán tán. shì jīng shū suǒ shuō ā dū lí suǒ chuán zhī yì, fēi xiàn tú màn tú luó zhī yì yě. jiàn xiàn tú màn tuó luó tiáo.(xiàn tú màn tuó luó)
[shu yu] di yi zhong tai, ba ye jiu zun ye. di er bian zhi yuan deng wei zhi di yi zhong, you yun di yi yuan. di san wen shu yuan deng wei zhi di er zhong, you yun di er yuan. di si shi jia yuan, bing er cheng ba bu deng, wei zhi di san zhong, you yun di san yuan. yi shang yi zhong tai yu san yuan wei si zhong man tu luo, yi yun si zhong yuan tan. shi jing shu suo shuo a du li suo chuan zhi yi, fei xian tu man tu luo zhi yi ye. jian xian tu man tuo luo tiao.(xian tu man tuo luo)
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
四種曼荼羅 [si zhong man tu luo]—The four types of Mandalas (曼荼羅 [man tu luo]):
1. Maha-mandala (大曼荼羅 [da man tu luo]): This is a comprehensive assembly of all deities (諸尊 [zhu zun]) and their altars (壇場 [tan chang]) (which the old translation refers to as "altar"). It depicts the forms of these deities and the entire altar, as well as each individual deity. It is considered the totality of the mandala, hence called "Maha" (大 [da]). "Maha" here signifies the five great elements (五大 [wu da]) or vastness. While the other three types are also formed from the five great elements, this one is the totality and the most extensive, thus uniquely named "Maha."
2. Samaya-mandala (三昧耶曼荼羅 [san mei ye man tu luo]): This depicts the implements (器杖 [qi zhang]) held by the deities in their hands and their mudras (印契 [yin qi]). "Samaya" (三昧耶 [san mei ye]) means "original vow" or "pledge." This type symbolizes the original vows of the deities, serving as a sign that even the deities themselves, let alone Mara Papiyas (天魔波旬 [tian mo bo xun]), cannot violate their pledges.
3. Dharma-mandala (法曼荼羅 [fa man tu luo]): This depicts the bīja-mantras (種子真言 [zhong zi zhen yan]) of the deities and the meaning of the texts of all sutras (一切經之文字義理 [yi qie jing zhi wen zi yi li]).
4. Karma-mandala (羯磨曼荼羅 [jie mo man tu luo]): "Karma" (羯磨 [jie mo]) means "action" or "activity." This refers to sculpted or cast images. It encompasses all dignified postures (威儀 [wei yi]) and activities of the deities, as well as the actions involved in casting or molding images (鑄像泥塑等之作業 [zhu xiang ni su deng zhi zuo ye]).
Among these four mandalas, the first is the totality, and the latter three represent specific virtues. The Maha-mandala (大曼荼羅 [da man tu luo]) represents the physical forms of the deities. The Dharma-mandala (法曼荼羅 [fa man tu luo]) represents the doctrines taught by these deities. The Samaya-mandala (三昧耶曼荼羅 [san mei ye man tu luo]) represents the implements held by these deities. The Karma-mandala (羯磨曼荼羅 [jie mo man tu luo]) represents the actions of these deities. (See Hizōki-shō (秘藏記鈔 [mi cang ji chao]) Vol. 2).
These four mandalas are also called the Four Wisdom Seals (四智印 [si zhi yin]). The Shobu Yōmoku (諸部要目 [zhu bu yao mu]) states: "All mudras (印契 [yin qi]) and all essential doctrines (法要 [fa yao]) are encompassed by the Four Wisdom Seals. The Great Wisdom Seal (大智印 [da zhi yin]) achieves the yoga of the Honzon (本尊瑜伽 [ben zun yu jia]) through five aspects. The Samaya Wisdom Seal (三昧耶印 [san mei ye yin]) is formed by the union of two hands, generating the seal of Vajra-binding. The Dharma Wisdom Seal (法智印 [fa zhi yin]) refers to the bīja (種子 [zhong zi]) of the Honzon (本尊 [ben zun]), the Dharmakāya (法身 [fa shen]) samadhi, and the meaning of all sutra texts. The Karma Wisdom Seal (羯磨智印 [jie mo zhi yin]) uses two Vajra fists, like holding implements or symbols, or like bodily dignified postures (身威儀形 [shen wei yi xing])."
The Hizōki-hon (秘藏記本 [mi cang ji ben]) states: "Four types of Mandalas (曼荼羅 [man tu luo]): 1. Maha-mandala (大曼荼羅 [da man tu luo]), the five great elements (五大 [wu da]), meaning painted images and forms. 2. Samaya-mandala (三昧耶曼荼羅 [san mei ye man tu luo]), the implements and mudras held by the deities. 3. Dharma-mandala (法曼荼羅 [fa man tu luo]), the bīja (種子 [zhong zi]). 4. Karma-mandala (羯磨曼荼羅 [jie mo man tu luo]), dignified postures (威儀 [wei yi])."
Esoteric Buddhism (密教 [mi jiao]) often uses the terms Six Great Elements (六大 [liu da]), Four Mandalas (四曼 [si man]), and Three Mysteries (三密 [san mi]) to classify all phenomena. According to this profound esoteric interpretation, the Four Mandalas (四曼 [si man]) are a classification of all phenomena.
The Maha-mandala (大曼荼羅 [da man tu luo]) encompasses all sentient beings (有情 [you qing]) within the Ten Dharma Realms (十法界 [shi fa jie]). It is formed and manifested by the Six Great Elements (六大 [liu da]), hence it is given the name "Maha" (大 [da]).
The Samaya-mandala (三摩耶曼荼羅 [san mo ye man tu luo]) encompasses all non-sentient phenomena (非情之法 [fei qing zhi fa]) within the Ten Dharma Realms (十法界 [shi fa jie]). "Samaya" (三摩耶 [san mo ye]) here means "equality," indicating that non-sentient things are, in fact, all equal.
The Dharma-mandala (法曼荼羅 [fa man tu luo]) encompasses sounds and speech (音聲言語 [yin sheng yan yu]), such as the sound of wind and waves, and the written characters of the form-realm (色塵之文字 [se chen zhi wen zi]), and everything expressed on the six dusts (六塵 [liu chen]). "Dharma" (法 [fa]) is that which preserves the essence and gives rise to perception.
The Karma-mandala (羯磨曼荼羅 [jie mo man tu luo]) encompasses all actions (一切動作 [yi qie dong zuo]) present in the three aforementioned mandalas.
[Names and categories]: The four types are Maha (大 [da]), Samaya (三 [san]), Dharma (法 [fa]), and Karma (羯 [jie]). (See the entry for Mandala (曼荼羅 [man tu luo])).
四種曼荼羅—【名數】一大曼荼羅，總集諸尊之壇場（即舊譯曰壇者）及其諸尊之形體，并圖畫其壇場之全體及諸尊一一者是也。是為曼荼羅之總體，故云大。大者五大之義，又廣大之義，他三種雖亦係五大所成，而此為總體，且最廣大，故獨名為大。二三昧耶曼荼羅，畫諸尊手所持之器杖及印契者是也。三昧耶為本誓之義，此以表諸尊之本誓，天魔波旬勿論，諸尊自身亦不能違越誓約之標幟也。三法曼荼羅，畫諸尊之種子真言及一切經之文字義理是也。四羯磨曼荼羅，羯磨者，作業之義，鑄造之形像是也。此乃諸尊身上一切之威儀事業及鑄像泥塑等之作業。此四漫中前一為總體，後三為別德，大曼荼羅是諸尊之人體，此諸尊所說之法門是法曼，此諸尊所持之器杖是三昧耶曼，此諸尊之所作是羯磨曼。見秘藏記鈔二。此四漫又云四智印。諸部要目曰：「一切印契，一切法要，以四智印攝盡。大智印以五相成本尊瑜伽，三昧耶印以二手和合，金剛縛發生成印，法智印名本尊種子法身三摩地一切契經文義，羯磨智印以二金剛拳如執持器杖標幟，如身威儀形。」秘藏記本曰：「四種曼荼羅：一大曼荼羅，五大也，謂繪像形體等也。二三昧耶曼荼羅，尊等所執持器杖印契。三法曼荼羅，種子也。四羯磨曼荼羅，威儀也。」密教分別萬有，常用六大四曼三密之言，依此深秘之釋而論。四曼即一切現象之分類，大曼荼羅總攝十法界中一切之有情。六大所成顯故附以大之名。三摩耶曼荼羅，總攝十法界一切非情之法，三摩耶乃平等之意，示非情其實皆平等也。法曼荼羅，攝音聲言語即風浪之聲，色塵之文字，六塵上所表詮者之一切，法者所以保體使生知覺者也。羯磨曼荼羅攝上述三曼上所有之一切動作。
【名數】大，三，法，羯之四種也。見曼荼羅條。(曼荼羅)
[míng shù] yī dà màn tú luó, zǒng jí zhū zūn zhī tán chǎng (jí jiù yì yuē tán zhě) jí qí zhū zūn zhī xíng tǐ, bìng tú huà qí tán chǎng zhī quán tǐ jí zhū zūn yī yī zhě shì yě. shì wèi màn tú luó zhī zǒng tǐ, gù yún dà. dà zhě wǔ dà zhī yì, yòu guǎng dà zhī yì, tā sān zhǒng suī yì xì wǔ dà suǒ chéng, ér cǐ wèi zǒng tǐ, qiě zuì guǎng dà, gù dú míng wèi dà. èr sān mèi yé màn tú luó, huà zhū zūn shǒu suǒ chí zhī qì zhàng jí yìn qì zhě shì yě. sān mèi yé wèi běn shì zhī yì, cǐ yǐ biǎo zhū zūn zhī běn shì, tiān mó bō xún wù lùn, zhū zūn zì shēn yì bù néng wéi yuè shì yuē zhī biāo zhì yě. sān fǎ màn tú luó, huà zhū zūn zhī zhǒng zi zhēn yán jí yī qiè jīng zhī wén zì yì lǐ shì yě. sì jié mó màn tú luó, jié mó zhě, zuò yè zhī yì, zhù zào zhī xíng xiàng shì yě. cǐ nǎi zhū zūn shēn shàng yī qiè zhī wēi yí shì yè jí zhù xiàng ní sù děng zhī zuò yè. cǐ sì màn zhōng qián yī wèi zǒng tǐ, hòu sān wèi bié dé, dà màn tú luó shì zhū zūn zhī rén tǐ, cǐ zhū zūn suǒ shuō zhī fǎ mén shì fǎ màn, cǐ zhū zūn suǒ chí zhī qì zhàng shì sān mèi yé màn, cǐ zhū zūn zhī suǒ zuò shì jié mó màn. jiàn mì cáng jì chāo èr. cǐ sì màn yòu yún sì zhì yìn. zhū bù yào mù yuē: “yī qiè yìn qì, yī qiè fǎ yào, yǐ sì zhì yìn shè jǐn. dà zhì yìn yǐ wǔ xiāng chéng běn zūn yú jiā, sān mèi yé yìn yǐ èr shǒu hé hé, jīn gāng fù fā shēng chéng yìn, fǎ zhì yìn míng běn zūn zhǒng zi fǎ shēn sān mó de yī qiè qì jīng wén yì, jié mó zhì yìn yǐ èr jīn gāng quán rú zhí chí qì zhàng biāo zhì, rú shēn wēi yí xíng.” mì cáng jì běn yuē: “sì zhǒng màn tú luó: yī dà màn tú luó, wǔ dà yě, wèi huì xiàng xíng tǐ děng yě. èr sān mèi yé màn tú luó, zūn děng suǒ zhí chí qì zhàng yìn qì. sān fǎ màn tú luó, zhǒng zi yě. sì jié mó màn tú luó, wēi yí yě.” mì jiào fēn bié wàn yǒu, cháng yòng liù dà sì màn sān mì zhī yán, yī cǐ shēn mì zhī shì ér lùn. sì màn jí yī qiè xiàn xiàng zhī fēn lèi, dà màn tú luó zǒng shè shí fǎ jiè zhōng yī qiè zhī yǒu qíng. liù dà suǒ chéng xiǎn gù fù yǐ dà zhī míng. sān mó yé màn tú luó, zǒng shè shí fǎ jiè yī qiè fēi qíng zhī fǎ, sān mó yé nǎi píng děng zhī yì, shì fēi qíng qí shí jiē píng děng yě. fǎ màn tú luó, shè yīn shēng yán yǔ jí fēng làng zhī shēng, sè chén zhī wén zì, liù chén shàng suǒ biǎo quán zhě zhī yī qiè, fǎ zhě suǒ yǐ bǎo tǐ shǐ shēng zhī jué zhě yě. jié mó màn tú luó shè shàng shù sān màn shàng suǒ yǒu zhī yī qiè dòng zuò.
[míng shù] dà, sān, fǎ, jié zhī sì zhǒng yě. jiàn màn tú luó tiáo.(màn tú luó)
[ming shu] yi da man tu luo, zong ji zhu zun zhi tan chang (ji jiu yi yue tan zhe) ji qi zhu zun zhi xing ti, bing tu hua qi tan chang zhi quan ti ji zhu zun yi yi zhe shi ye. shi wei man tu luo zhi zong ti, gu yun da. da zhe wu da zhi yi, you guang da zhi yi, ta san zhong sui yi xi wu da suo cheng, er ci wei zong ti, qie zui guang da, gu du ming wei da. er san mei ye man tu luo, hua zhu zun shou suo chi zhi qi zhang ji yin qi zhe shi ye. san mei ye wei ben shi zhi yi, ci yi biao zhu zun zhi ben shi, tian mo bo xun wu lun, zhu zun zi shen yi bu neng wei yue shi yue zhi biao zhi ye. san fa man tu luo, hua zhu zun zhi zhong zi zhen yan ji yi qie jing zhi wen zi yi li shi ye. si jie mo man tu luo, jie mo zhe, zuo ye zhi yi, zhu zao zhi xing xiang shi ye. ci nai zhu zun shen shang yi qie zhi wei yi shi ye ji zhu xiang ni su deng zhi zuo ye. ci si man zhong qian yi wei zong ti, hou san wei bie de, da man tu luo shi zhu zun zhi ren ti, ci zhu zun suo shuo zhi fa men shi fa man, ci zhu zun suo chi zhi qi zhang shi san mei ye man, ci zhu zun zhi suo zuo shi jie mo man. jian mi cang ji chao er. ci si man you yun si zhi yin. zhu bu yao mu yue: "yi qie yin qi, yi qie fa yao, yi si zhi yin she jin. da zhi yin yi wu xiang cheng ben zun yu jia, san mei ye yin yi er shou he he, jin gang fu fa sheng cheng yin, fa zhi yin ming ben zun zhong zi fa shen san mo de yi qie qi jing wen yi, jie mo zhi yin yi er jin gang quan ru zhi chi qi zhang biao zhi, ru shen wei yi xing." mi cang ji ben yue: "si zhong man tu luo: yi da man tu luo, wu da ye, wei hui xiang xing ti deng ye. er san mei ye man tu luo, zun deng suo zhi chi qi zhang yin qi. san fa man tu luo, zhong zi ye. si jie mo man tu luo, wei yi ye." mi jiao fen bie wan you, chang yong liu da si man san mi zhi yan, yi ci shen mi zhi shi er lun. si man ji yi qie xian xiang zhi fen lei, da man tu luo zong she shi fa jie zhong yi qie zhi you qing. liu da suo cheng xian gu fu yi da zhi ming. san mo ye man tu luo, zong she shi fa jie yi qie fei qing zhi fa, san mo ye nai ping deng zhi yi, shi fei qing qi shi jie ping deng ye. fa man tu luo, she yin sheng yan yu ji feng lang zhi sheng, se chen zhi wen zi, liu chen shang suo biao quan zhe zhi yi qie, fa zhe suo yi bao ti shi sheng zhi jue zhe ye. jie mo man tu luo she shang shu san man shang suo you zhi yi qie dong zuo.
[ming shu] da, san, fa, jie zhi si zhong ye. jian man tu luo tiao.(man tu luo)
Chinese Buddhism (漢傳佛教, hanchuan fojiao) is the form of Buddhism that developed in China, blending Mahayana teachings with Daoist and Confucian thought. Its texts are mainly in Classical Chinese, based on translations from Sanskrit. Major schools include Chan (Zen), Pure Land, Tiantai, and Huayan. Chinese Buddhism has greatly influenced East Asian religion and culture.
Languages of India and abroad
Chinese-English dictionary
四重曼荼羅 [sì zhòng màn tú luó] refers to: “four rings of mandala”.
四重曼荼羅 is further associated with the following language/terms:
[Vietnamese] tứ trọng man dưa la.
[Korean] 사중만다라 / sajung mandara.
[Japanese] シジュウマンダラ / shijū mandara.
Chinese language.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Zhong, Man tu luo, Ci, Jiao zhong, Luo, Lao, Shi, Tu, Man.
Full-text: Si zhong yuan tan, Si zhong man tu, Pu men man tu luo, Da man tu luo, Si lun, Siman, Liu da neng sheng, Fa man tu luo, Si zhi yin, Wu zhuan yu si zhong yuan tan, Shanda, San zhong yuan tan yu si zhong yuan tan.
Relevant text
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A Dictionary Of Chinese Buddhist Terms (by William Edward Soothill)