Shva, Śvā, Sva: 23 definitions
Introduction:
Shva means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi, Tamil. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Śvā can be transliterated into English as Sva or Shva, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
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In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
1) Śvā (श्वा).—Unfit to be seen during a śrāddha; touching it is a sin.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 14. 48; 78, 88; 27. 15; Viṣṇu-purāṇa III. 16. 12.
2) Sva (स्व).—The third loka; Sva was uttered and divaloka came of; where Gandharvas, Apsaras, Yakṣas, Guhyakas, and Nāgas live; intervening between Sūrya and Dhruva.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 19. 155; 21. 21; IV. 2. 26-7; Vāyu-purāṇa 101. 17-41.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
1) Sva (स्व).—Personal-ending of the second person sing. Atmanepada in the imperative mood; cf थासः से । सवाभ्यां वामौ । (thāsaḥ se | savābhyāṃ vāmau |) P.III.4.80, 91 ;
2) Sva.—A term used in the sense of स्ववर्गीय (svavargīya) (belonging to the same class or category) in the Pratisakhya works; cf स्पर्र्शः स्वे (sparrśaḥ sve) R.T.25; cf. also कान्त् स्वे (kānt sve) R. T. 1. 55;cf.also R, Pr.IV.1 ; and VI.1 ;
3) Sva.—Cognate, the same as सवर्ण (savarṇa) defined by Panini in तुल्यास्यप्रयत्नं सवर्णम् (tulyāsyaprayatnaṃ savarṇam) P. P.I.1.9; the term is found used in the Jain grammar works of Jainendra, Sakatayana and Hemacanda cf Jain. I.1.2 Sik-I. 1.2; Hema. I.1.17.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Toxicology (Study and Treatment of poison)
Śva (श्व) refers to “dogs”, whose treatment (cikitsā) is described in the Kāśyapa Saṃhitā: an ancient Sanskrit text from the Pāñcarātra tradition dealing with both Tantra and Viṣacikitsā, which represents the Ayurvedic study on Toxicology (Viṣavidyā or Sarpavidyā).—In the 12h adhyāya, Kāśyapasaṃhita adds external and internal antidotes for poisons of various animals and insects [e.g., dogs (śva) or rabid dogs (matta-alarka)].
Unclassified Ayurveda definitions
Śva (श्व):—Dog.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Sva (स्व) refers to “one’s own (property)”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 8), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “In the twelvth yuga sacred to god Bhāga (Sun), the first year is known as Dundubhi; the crops will thrive well. [...] The last year of the last yuga is Kṣaya; there will then be much rain in the land; the Brāhmins will be afflicted with fear and farmers will prosper. The Vaiśyas and Śūdras will be happy as also persons that deprive others of their property [i.e., para-sva-hṛta]. Thus have been described briefly the effects of the sixty years of Jupiter’s cycle”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Śva (श्व) refers to a “dog” (i.e., ‘being amongst dogs in dreams’), according to the Svacchanda-tantra.—Accordingly, [verse 4.21-27, while describing inauspicious dreams]—“[...] [He dreams of] the destruction of houses, palaces, beds, clothes, and seats; defeat of oneself in battle and theft of ones things. [He] ascends or is amongst donkeys, camels, dogs (śva), jackals, and herons, vultures, and cranes. [He rides on] buffalos, owls, and crows, eats cooked meat, [wears a] red garland, and ointment for the body. [...]”
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
1) Sva (स्व) refers to “one’s own (actions)”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “Fools mourn for relations experiencing the results of their own actions (svakarman-phalabhogin) [but] because of the confusion of [their] intelligence [they do] not [mourn for] themselves situated in Yama’s fangs. In this forest that is the cycle of rebirth dwelt in by Yama the serpent-king, the men of olden times, who were eternal previously, have come to an end”.
Synonyms: Nija.
2) Śva (श्व) refers to a “dog”, according to the Jñānārṇava.—Accordingly, “A god becomes [filled] with lamenting, a dog (śva) ascends to heaven, a Brāhman might become discernible in substance [as a dog] or an insect or even a low outcaste. Like an actor here on the stage, the embodied soul continually takes on individual characters [and] he abandons others”.
Synonyms: Kukkura, Sārameya.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
sva (स्व).—pron (S) Own, proper, peculiar. 2 Used as s n m Self, own soul or individuality. 3 n Property, wealth, one's own. 4 In algebra. Affirmative quantity, plus. sva occurs in comp. with numberless words, sometimes answering to Self-, but more frequently to Own. The established compounds and such as demand explanation occur in order; for such as svahasta, svagṛha, svakula, svasthala, svakuṭumba, svaśarīra, svagrāma, svanagara, svadhana, svadēha, svabhūmi, svamata, svapakṣa, svastuti, svanindā, svādhikāra &c., the student must accept this notice.
sva (स्व).—pro Own, proper. m n Self. n Proper- ty, wealth, one's own.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Sva (स्व).—pron. a.
1) One's own, belonging to oneself, often serving as a reflexive pronoun; स्वनियोगमशून्यं कुरु (svaniyogamaśūnyaṃ kuru) Ś.2; प्रजाः प्रजाः स्वा इव तन्त्रयित्वा (prajāḥ prajāḥ svā iva tantrayitvā) 5.5; oft. in comp. in this sense; स्वपुत्र, स्वकलत्र, स्वद्रव्य (svaputra, svakalatra, svadravya).
2) Innate, natural, inherent, peculiar, inborn; सूर्यापाये न खलु कमलं पुष्यति स्वामभिख्याम् (sūryāpāye na khalu kamalaṃ puṣyati svāmabhikhyām) Meghadūta 82; Ś.1.19; स तस्य स्वो भावः प्रकृतिनियतत्वादकृतकः (sa tasya svo bhāvaḥ prakṛtiniyatatvādakṛtakaḥ) U. 6.14.
3) Belonging to one's own caste or tribe; शूद्रैव भार्या शूद्रस्य सा च स्वा च विशः स्मृते (śūdraiva bhāryā śūdrasya sā ca svā ca viśaḥ smṛte) Manusmṛti 3.13;5.14.
-svaḥ 1 One's own self.
2) A relative, kinsman; एनं स्वा अभि- संविशन्ति भर्ता स्वानां श्रेष्ठः पुर एता भवति (enaṃ svā abhi- saṃviśanti bhartā svānāṃ śreṣṭhaḥ pura etā bhavati) Bṛ. Up.1.3.18; (daurgatyaṃ) येन स्वैरपि मन्यन्ते जीवन्तोऽपि मृता इव (yena svairapi manyante jīvanto'pi mṛtā iva) Pañcatantra (Bombay) 2.1; Ms. 2.19.
3) The soul.
4) Name of Viṣṇu.
-svā A woman of one's own caste.
-svaḥ, -svam 1 Wealth, property; as in निःस्व (niḥsva) q. v.
2) (In alg.) The plus or affirmative quantity; cf. धनः (dhanaḥ); स्वशब्दोऽयमात्मीयधनज्ञातीनां प्रत्येकं वाचको न समुदायस्य (svaśabdo'yamātmīyadhanajñātīnāṃ pratyekaṃ vācako na samudāyasya) ŚB. on MS.6.7.2. The Ego.
4) Nature (svabhāvaḥ); वृत्तिर्भूतानि भूतानां चराणामचराणि च । कृता स्वेन नृणां तत्र कामाच्चोदनयापि वा (vṛttirbhūtāni bhūtānāṃ carāṇāmacarāṇi ca | kṛtā svena nṛṇāṃ tatra kāmāccodanayāpi vā) || Bhāgavata 12.7.13.
Sva (स्व).—(?) , inserted by Senart's em. in Mahāvastu iii.384.3 (verse), where mss. kiṃ (kim) adhipatī rājā, metrical(ly) deficient, Senart kiṃ sva, with next line kathaṃ sva; note says sva = svid or su; read both times svid or su (q.v.)? But compare khu-ssa. Pali Dhammapada (Pali) commentary iii.231.21, same verse, kiṃ su…, 22 kathaṃ su…
Sva (स्व).—Pron. mfn.
(-svaḥ-svā-svaṃ) Own. Subst. m.
(-svaḥ) 1. A kinsman. 2. The soul. 3. Wealth. 4. Self-identity, individuality. mn.
(-svaḥ-svaṃ) 1. Wealth, property. 2. (In algebra,) Plus, or affirmative quantity. f.
(-svā) Pron. Adj. 1. Belonging to oneself. 2. Of one’s own tribe or family. 3. Natural, original. E. svan to sound, aff. ḍa; or vū to send or order, va aff.
Sva (स्व).—I. pron. refl. One's own self, [Vedāntasāra, (in my Chrestomathy.)] in
Śvā (श्वा).—śvayati [participle] śūna (q.v.) swell. [Passive] śūyate the same.
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Sva (स्व).—(poss. refl.) one’s own (often °—). [masculine] [neuter] one’s self (in the obl. cases also used as a pronoun, cf. ātman); [masculine] & [feminine] ā a kinsman or relation, a man or woman of one’s own caste; [neuter] property, wealth, riches.
1) Śva (श्व):—[from śvan] 1. śva in [compound] for 1. śvan.
2) [from śvan] 2. śva (ifc.) = śvan1 [Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary]
3) Śvā (श्वा):—[from śvan] in [compound] for 1. śvan above.
4) Sva (स्व):—1 mf(ā)n. own, one’s own, my own, thy own, his own, her own, our own, their own etc. (referring to all three persons [according to] to context, often [in the beginning of a compound], but generally declinable like the pronominal sarva e.g. svasmai [dative case] svasmāt [ablative] [optionally in [ablative] [locative case] [singular] [nominative case] [plural] e.g. taṃ svād āsyād asṛjat, ‘he created him from his own mouth’ [Manu-smṛti i, 94]]; and always like śiva when used substantively [see below]; sometimes used loosely for ‘my’, ‘thy’, ‘his’, ‘our’ e.g. rājā bhrātaraṃ sva-gṛham preṣayām-āsa, ‘the king sent his brother to his (id est. the brother’s) house’; in the oblique cases it is used as a reflexive pronoun = ātman, e.g. svaṃ dūṣayati, ‘he defiles himself’; svaṃ nindanti, ‘they blame themselves’), [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc.
5) m. one’s self, the Ego, the human soul, [Horace H. Wilson]
6) Name of Viṣṇu, [Mahābhārata]
7) a man of one’s own people or tribe, a kinsman, relative, relation, friend (svāḥ, ‘one’s own relations’, ‘one’s own people’), [Atharva-veda] etc. etc.
8) Svā (स्वा):—[from sva] a f. a woman of one’s own caste, [Mahābhārata]
9) Sva (स्व):—n. (ifc. f(ā). ) one’s self, the Ego (e.g. svaṃ ca brahma ca, ‘the Ego and Brahman’)
10) one’s own goods, property, wealth, riches (in this sense said to be also m.), [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc.
11) the second astrological mansion, [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā]
12) (in [algebra]) plus or the affirmative quantity, [Horace H. Wilson] (N.[Bombay edition] in the following [compound] o° own stands for one’s own.)
13) cf. [Greek] ἕ, ὅ, σφός; [Latin] se, sovos, suus; [Gothic] sik; [German] sich etc.
14) 2. sva [Nominal verb] [Parasmaipada] svati ([perfect tense] svām-āsa) = sva ivācarati, he acts like himself or his kindred, [Vopadeva xxi, 7.]
15) Svā (स्वा):—[from svar] b in [compound] for svar.
Sva (स्व):—(svaḥ) 1. m. A kinsman; soul; self. a. Own. n. Wealth, property.
Śva (श्व):—1. am Ende einiger comp. = śvan Hund [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 5, 4, 96. fg.] [Vopadeva’s Grammatik 6, 42.] — Vgl. ati, goṣṭha, yama .
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Śva (श्व):—2. von 2. śvas in adya und śvaḥśva .
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Śvā (श्वा):—(śvi), śvayati [DHĀTUP. 23, 41] (gativṛddhyoḥ). śiśvāya und śuśāva [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 6, 1, 30.] śiśviyatus und śuśuvatus [Scholiast] [Vopadeva’s Grammatik 8, 142.] aor. aśvat (aśvatām, aśvan), aśvayīt und aśiśviyat [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 3, 1, 49. 58. 7, 2, 5. 4, 18.] [Vopadeva’s Grammatik 8, 38. 47. 86. 125. 141.] śvayitā (vgl. [?Kārikā 1 aus Siddhāntakaumudī zu Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 7, 2,
10) 60.] śūyāt 142. śvayitum; partic. śūna s. bes. anschwellen: pra.āpate.akṣyaśvayat [Taittirīyasaṃhitā 5, 3, 12, 1] und öfters. infin. von Todten (vgl. śava) [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 10, 6, 5, 6. 11, 8, 3, 5. 13, 4, 4, 6.] rudato śiśviyaccakṣurāsyaṃ hetostavāśvayīt [Bhaṭṭikavya 6, 19.] gṛdhrasyehāśvatāṃ pakṣau kṛttau 31. śiśviyuḥ, śuśuvuḥ [14, 79.] aśvatāṃ kukṣī jaṭharaṃ cāpyaśiśviyat [15, 30.] — caus. aor. aśūśavat und aśiśvayat [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 6, 1, 31.] [Vopadeva’s Grammatik 8, 142. 18, 1.] — desid. vom caus. śuśāvayiṣati und śiśvāyayiṣati [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 6, 1, 31.] [Vopadeva’s Grammatik 8, 142. 19, 1.] — intens. śośūyate und śeśvīyate [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 6, 1, 30.] [Vopadeva’s Grammatik 8, 142. 20, 1. 4.] heftig anschwellen: śeśvīyamānāruṇaraudranetra [Bhaṭṭikavya 3, 30.] — ud, partic. ucchūna aufgeschwollen: prabalaruditocchūnanetra [Meghadūta 82.] [Spr. (II) 5852.] gala [Kathāsaritsāgara 63, 185.] śavaiścirapraviṣṭāmbusaṃsekocchūnavigrahaiḥ [Rājataraṅgiṇī 5, 271.] svargagrāmaṭikāviluṇṭhanavṛthocchūnaiḥ kimebhirbhujaiḥ [Sāhityadarpana 3, 2] [?= 214, 3.] ucchūnabhāvaṃ gantum als Umschreibung von śvayitum [] zu [Bṛhadāranyakopaniṣad] [S. 56.] angeschwollen so v. a. an Umfang gewonnen habend, verstärkt [SARVADARŚANAS. 95, 1.] — pra, partic. śūna aufgeschwollen [Suśruta 1, 120, 10.] — vi anschwellen: viśvayant partic. [Ṛgveda 7, 50, 1.] — sam, partic. saṃśūna aufgeschwollen, aufgedunsen: māṃsopabhoga [Bhaṭṭikavya 9, 16.] — Vgl. saṃśvāyin .
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Sva (स्व):—
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Śvā (श्वा):—mit ud vgl. ucchotha .
Sva (स्व) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Sa.
Sva (in Sanskrit) can be associated with the following Chinese terms:
1) 莎 [shā]: “sedge”.
Note: sva can be alternatively written as: svaṃ.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Sva (स्व) [Also spelled sv]:—(pro) one’s own, personal; self; ~[tva] (one’s) due; ~[śāsana] self-rule.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Sva (ಸ್ವ):—
1) [adjective] of or belonging to oneself.
2) [adjective] existing as such at birth; congenital.
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Sva (ಸ್ವ):—
1) [noun] a man belonging to one’s family; a relative; a kinsman.
2) [noun] the entity in each being regarded as immortal or spiritual part; the soul.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Tamil dictionary
Sva (ஸ்வ) particle < sva. A prefix meaning 'one’s own'; சொந்தமான என்னும் பொருளில்வரும் இடைச்சொல். இந்தப் பத்திரம் ஸ்வஹஸ்தலிகிதம். [sonthamana ennum porulilvarum idaichol. inthap pathiram svahasthaligitham.]
Tamil is an ancient language of India from the Dravidian family spoken by roughly 250 million people mainly in southern India and Sri Lanka.
Nepali dictionary
Sva (स्व):—adj. (in compound words) one's own; belonging to oneself;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+28): Shvabhaksha, Shvabhakshya, Shvabhiru, Shvabhojana, Shvabhojin, Shvacarya, Shvacilli, Shvadamsha, Shvadamshtra, Shvadamshtraka, Shvadamshtrin, Shvadanta, Shvadayita, Shvadhurta, Shvadhurtta, Shvadriti, Shvagana, Shvaganika, Shvaganin, Shvagardabha.
Full-text (+2389): Vishva, Shvapada, Matarisvan, Svabhavika, Svatantrya, Svadha, Shvas, Parahshvas, Ashva, Svarupa, Shvadamshtra, Saptashva, Svabhava, Shvavidh, Svapa, Sarvasva, Shvani, Shvavritti, Parashvas, Haridashva.
Relevant text
Search found 296 books and stories containing Shva, Śvā, Sva, Śva, Svā; (plurals include: Shvas, Śvās, Svas, Śvas, Svās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Krishna Sandarbha of Jiva Goswami (by Kusakratha Prabhu)
Agriculture and Animal husbandry in the Puranas (by Purboshri Borpuzari)
Part 2 - Animal Husbandry in the Vedic Period < [Chapter 4 - Animal husbandry in the Purāṇas]
Part 4 - Classification of Animals < [Chapter 4 - Animal husbandry in the Purāṇas]
Part 25 - References of other Animals as found in the Purāṇas < [Chapter 4 - Animal husbandry in the Purāṇas]
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 5.9.3 < [Chapter 9 - The Happiness of the Yadus]
Verse 2.8.38 < [Chapter 8 - Description of Seeing Lord Kṛṣṇa]
Verses 5.24.61-62 < [Chapter 24 - The Killing of the Kola Demon]
Prasthanatrayi Swaminarayan Bhashyam (Study) (by Sadhu Gyanananddas)
4.3.1. The cause of Pramāṇa and Pramā < [Chapter 2 - Analysis on the Basis Of Epistemology]
5.1. What is Pramā? < [Chapter 2 - Analysis on the Basis Of Epistemology]
Brihat Jataka by Varahamihira [Sanskrit/English] (by Michael D Neely)
Verse 8.23 < [Chapter 8 - Dashas and Antar Dashas]
Verse 10.4 < [Chapter 10 - Vocation]
Verse 8.12 < [Chapter 8 - Dashas and Antar Dashas]