Shitala, Sitala, Śītalā, Sītala, Śītala: 26 definitions
Introduction:
Shitala means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit terms Śītalā and Śītala can be transliterated into English as Sitala or Shitala, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Shital.
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: Wisdom Library: Āyurveda and botanyŚītala (शीतल) is another name (synonym) for Candana, which is a Sanskrit name for the plant Santalum album (Indian sandalwood). This synonym was identified by Narahari in his 13th-century Rājanighaṇṭu (verses 12.6-8), which is an Ayurvedic medicinal thesaurus.
Source: archive.org: Vagbhata’s Ashtanga Hridaya Samhita (first 5 chapters)1) Śītala (शीतल) refers to either “cool” or “white”, mentioned in verse 3.33 of the Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā (Sūtrasthāna) by Vāgbhaṭa.—Accordingly, “[...] Taking at night moonbeams as food, one shall drink, sugared buffalo’s milk (that is) cooled [viz., śītala] by the moon and stars. In groves in which the hot-rayed one is darkened by cloud-grazing huge Sal trees and Palmyra palms, [...]”.
Note: Sasita (“sugared”) has been interchanged with candrana-kṣatra-śītala and translated by bsil-mo (“cold”), which points to a variant saśīta in the basic text. Accordingly, śītala (which usually signifies “cool”) has been given the rare sense of dkar-ba (“white”); cf. śītalacchada (“white leaf”) or (“white-leaved”) MW p. 1078.—dka-ba in P is a carver’s error.
2) Śītala (शीतल) also refers to “(water that is) cooled down”, as mentioned in verse 5.18.—Accordingly, “[...] not causing effluxions (of phlegm) and light (on the stomach is) water (that has) boiled and cooled down [viz., kvathita-śītala]. In case a humour is combined with choler, (it is) wholesome; having passed (a day, however), it (is) productive of the three humours”.
Source: Shodhganga: Dietetics and culinary art in ancient and medieval IndiaŚītala (शीतल) refers to “cooling” and represents a particular dietetic effect according to the 17th century Bhojanakutūhala (dravyaguṇāguṇa-kathana), and is commonly found in literature dealing with the topics of dietetics and culinary art, also known as Pākaśāstra or Pākakalā.—Accordingly, the dietetic effect śītala is associated with the following conditions: Food utensils made of Crystal (sphaṭika-pātra) and Vaiḍūrya.
Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of termsŚītala (शीतल):—[śītalaṃ] Cold
Source: WorldCat: Rāj nighaṇṭuŚītalā (शीतला) is another name for Kuṭumbinī, an unidentified medicinal plant, according to verse 5.78-80 of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu. The fifth chapter (parpaṭādi-varga) of this book enumerates sixty varieties of smaller plants (kṣudra-kṣupa). Together with the names Śītalā and Kuṭumbinī, there are a total of twelve Sanskrit synonyms identified for this plant.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Vastushastra (architecture)
Source: OpenEdition books: Architectural terms contained in Ajitāgama and RauravāgamaŚītala (शीतल) refers to “cold (speaking of a good quality stone) § 2.10.”.—(For paragraphs cf. Les enseignements architecturaux de l'Ajitāgama et du Rauravāgama by Bruno Dagens)
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
Yoga (school of philosophy)
Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason BirchŚītala (शीतल) refers to “cool (water)”, according to the Haṭhapradīpikā 3.96-98.—Accordingly, “Having discarded the first flow of water because of its excessive heat and the last flow because it is worthless, [the Yogin] should use the middle flow [which is] cool (śītala). In the Khaṇḍakāpālika sect, this is [called] Amarolī. If he regularly drinks the [middle flow called] Amarī; snorts [it] everyday and correctly practices Vajrolī Mudrā [in order to draw it up his urethra], it is called Amarolī. He should mix the lunar fluid which is emitted because of [this] practice, with ashes and [then,] put it on the upper body (i.e., the head, eyes, shoulders, throat, chest, arms and so on). [As a result], divine sight arises”.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
General definition (in Hinduism)
Source: Google Books: Religion, Devotion and Medicine in North IndiaŚītalā (शीतला), who is principally a women’s goddess, is visualized as a mother (mā, mātā) who protects children from paediatric ailments, notably exanthemata. She is also a fertility goddess, who helps women in finding good husbands and conceiving healthy sons. Her auspicious presence ensures the wellbeing of the family, and protects sources of livelihood. Being cold, Śītalā is summoned to ensure regular refreshing rains and to prevent famines, droughts and cattle diseases.
The name śītalā is a tatsama-śabda (identical loanword) derived from the Sanskrit root śīta, ‘cold’. It can be a noun (‘cold’, ‘coldness’) or an adjective (‘cold’, ‘cool’, ‘cooling’, ‘refreshing’, ‘calm’, ‘gentle’, ‘mild’, ‘free from passion’).
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: academia.edu: The Structure and Meanings of the Heruka MaṇḍalaŚītala (शीतल) refers to one of the eight direction-guardians (dikpāla) of the Jñānacakra, according to the 10th century Ḍākārṇava chapter 15. Accordingly, the jñānacakra refers to one of the three divisions of the saṃbhoga-puṭa (‘enjoyment layer’), situated in the Herukamaṇḍala. Śītala is associated with the charnel ground (śmaśāna) named Veṣṭabhakṣa and with the tree (vṛkṣa) named Karpūra.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: Wisdom Library: JainismŚītala (शीतल):—The tenth Tīrthaṅkara (Janism recognizes 24 such teachers or Siddhas). He is also known as Śītalanātha. His colour is gold (kāñcana), according to Aparājitapṛcchā (221.5-7). His height is 90 dhanuṣa (a single dhanuṣa (or, ‘bow’) equals 6 ft), thus, roughly corresponding to 165 meters. His emblem, or symbol, is a Śrīvatsa.
Śītala’s father is Dṛḍharatha and his mother is Nandā. It is an ancient Jain practice to worship the Tīrthaṅkara’s parents in various rites, such as the pratiṣṭhāvidhi, according to the Ācāradinakara (14th century work on Jain conduct written by Vardhamāna Sūri).
Source: archive.org: TrisastisalakapurusacaritraŚītala (शीतल) refers to the tenth of the twenty-four Tīrthaṅkaras praised in the first book (ādīśvara-caritra) [chapter 1] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.
Accordingly, “[...] we worship the Arhats, who at all times and all places purify the people of the three worlds by their name, representation, substance, and actual existence. [...] May the Jina Śītala, a new cloud for making shoot up the bulb of the people’s supreme joy, who pours forth the nectar of Syādvāda, protect you”.
Śītala is the son of Nandā and Dṛḍharatha, according to chapter 3.8, “[...] Then Dṛḍharatha made a festival with releases from prison, etc.; for the purifying birth of such persons is for the emancipation of the world. The name ‘Śītala’ was given to him because the King’s body, when it was hot, became cool at Nandā’s touch, while he was in the womb. Attended by gods in the form of boys, the Lord of the World increased in size daily, like the waves of the ocean attended by Indras of the Velādhārins. [...]”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)Shitala in India is the name of a plant defined with Michelia champaca in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Sampacca suaveolens Kuntze (among others).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.
· Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis (DC.) (1824)
· Synopseos Plantarum (Persoon) (1806)
· Systematisches Verzeichniss der im Indischen Archipel (1846)
· Annales Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavi (1868)
· Flora Javae
If you are looking for specific details regarding Shitala, for example side effects, health benefits, extract dosage, diet and recipes, chemical composition, pregnancy safety, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionarysītala : (adj.) cool; cold. (nt.), coolness; cold.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionarySītala, (adj.) (cp. Vedic śītala) cold, cool J. II, 128; DA. I, 1; Miln. 246; tranquil J. I, 3; (nt.) coolness Miln. 76, 323; VvA. 44, 68, 100; PvA. 77, 244. sītalībhāva becoming cool Sdhp. 33. (Page 712)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryśitaḷa (शितळ).—a (Or śītaḷa from śītala S) Cold. 2 fig. Gentle or easy;--as a slope.
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śītala (शीतल).—a (S) Cold, cool, frigid.
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śītalā (शीतला).—f pl (S) The small pox. v yē, nigha, māvaḷa, kānapa.
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śītaḷa (शीतळ).—a (śītala S) Cold, not hot or warm. 2 Soft, gentle, easy--a slope.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishśitaḷa (शितळ).—a Cold. Fig. Gentle or easy.
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śītala (शीतल).—a Cold, frigid, cool.
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śītalā (शीतला).—f pl The small-pox. The goddess presiding over the small-pox.
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śītaḷa (शीतळ).—a Cold; soft.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryŚītala (शीतल).—a. [śītaṃ lāti lā-ka, śītamastyasya lac-vā]
1) (a) Cool, cold, chill, frigid; अतिशीतलमप्यम्भः किं भिनत्ति न भूभृतः (atiśītalamapyambhaḥ kiṃ bhinatti na bhūbhṛtaḥ) Subhāṣ. (b) Cool, bearable; महदपि परदुःखं शीतलं सम्यगाहुः (mahadapi paraduḥkhaṃ śītalaṃ samyagāhuḥ) V.4.13.
2) Not exciting, calm, gentle.
-laḥ 1 The moon.
2) A kind of camphor.
3) Turpentine.
4) The Champaka tree.
5) A kind of religious observance (observed upon the sun's entering the sign Aries).
-lam 1 Cold, coolness.
2) The cold season.
3) Benzoin.
4) White sandal, or sandal in general.
5) A pearl.
6) Green sulphate of iron.
7) A lotus.
8) The root called वीरण (vīraṇa) q. v.
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Śītalā (शीतला).—
1) Small-pox.
2) The goddess presiding over small-pox.
3) Sand.
4) Pistia Stratiotes (ārāmaśītalā, kuṭumbinī).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryŚītala (शीतल).—mfn.
(-laḥ-lā-laṃ) Cold, chilly, frigid. n.
(-laṃ) 1. Green vitriol. 2. Storax. 3. Sandal. 4. White Sandal. 5. A lotus. 6. A pearl. 7. Cold, coldness. 8. The root of the Andropogon muricatum. m.
(-laḥ) 1. A plant, (Marsilea quadrifolia.) 2. A Jina or Jaina teacher, the 10th of the twenty-four Tirt'hakars. 3. A religious ceremony observed upon the sun’s entering Aries. 4. The moon. 5. A small tree, (Cordia myxa.) 6. The Champaca, (Michelia champaca.) 7. A sort of camphor. 8. Turpentine. f. (-lā-lī) 1. A plant, perhaps intending the Phrynium dichotymum, from the split stems of which a smooth, cool mat is made, thence termed Sitala-pati. 2. Small-pox. 3. The goddess presiding over or inflicting small-pox. E. śīta cool, lac poss. aff., or lā to give or get, aff. ka .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryŚītala (शीतल).—[śīta + la], I. adj. Cold, cool, [Pañcatantra] ii. [distich] 58; figurat., [Vikramorvaśī, (ed. Bollensen.)] [distich] 90. Comparat. ºlatara, Cooler, [Śiśupālavadha] 9, 4. Ii. m. 1. The moon. 2. A sort of camphor. Iii. m., f. lā, and lī, and n. The name of several plants. Iv. n. 1. Coldness. 2. A pearl.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryŚītala (शीतल).—[adjective] cold, cool (lit. & [figuratively]); [neuter] = seq.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Śītala (शीतल):—[from śīta] mf(ā)n. cold, cool, cooling, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] shivering, frosty, [Catalogue(s)]
3) [v.s. ...] cold id est. free from passion, calm, gentle, [Aṣṭāvakra-saṃhitā; Prasannarāghava]
4) [v.s. ...] not exciting emotion, not causing painful feelings, [Vikramorvaśī iv, 37]
5) [v.s. ...] m. (only [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]) the wind
6) [v.s. ...] the moon
7) [v.s. ...] Cordia Myxa
8) [v.s. ...] Michelia Champaka
9) [v.s. ...] = asana-parṇī
10) [v.s. ...] a kind of camphor
11) [v.s. ...] the resin of Shorea Robusta
12) [v.s. ...] m. green sulphate of iron (also m.)
13) [v.s. ...] m. bitumen (also m.)
14) [v.s. ...] m. a religious ceremony observed on the sun’s entering Aries
15) [v.s. ...] (with Jainas) Name of the 10th Arhat of the present Avasarpiṇī
16) Śītalā (शीतला):—[from śītala > śīta] a f. See below
17) Śītala (शीतल):—[from śīta] n. cold, coldness, cold weather, [Subhāṣitāvali]
18) [v.s. ...] sandal, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
19) [v.s. ...] a lotus, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
20) [v.s. ...] Costus Speciosus or Arabicus, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
21) [v.s. ...] the root of Andropogon Muricatus, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
22) [v.s. ...] a pearl, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
23) Śītalā (शीतला):—[from śīta] b f. (only [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]) sand
24) [v.s. ...] Pistia Stratiotes
25) [v.s. ...] = kuṭumbinī and ārāma-śītalā
26) [v.s. ...] a red cow
27) [v.s. ...] small-pox
28) [v.s. ...] the goddess inflicting small-pox (cf. [compound] and, [Religious Thought and Life in India 227, 228]).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryŚītala (शीतल):—[(laḥ-lā-laṃ) a.] Cool. m. A plant; a Jaina; a ceremony; moon. f. (ā) and (ī) A plant; small-pox. n. Green vitriol; storax; sandal; lotus; pearl; coldness.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Śītala (शीतल) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Sīala.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary1) Śītala (शीतल) [Also spelled shital]:—(a) cool; cold, frigid; ~[tā] coolness; coldness, frigidity; ~[pāṭī] a thin smooth mat prepared from cane.
2) Śītalā (शीतला):—(nf) small-pox.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusŚītala (ಶೀತಲ):—[adjective] moderately cold; cool.
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Śītala (ಶೀತಲ):—
1) [noun] coolness.
2) [noun] anything that is cool.
3) [noun] a cool-tempered, patient man.
4) [noun] a lazy, slothful man.
5) [noun] the plant Marsilea quadrifolia of Marsileaceae family.
6) [noun] (jain.) the tenth of the twenty four spiritual teachers of Jainism.
7) [noun] a fever accompanied by delirium.
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Śītaḷa (ಶೀತಳ):—[adjective] = ಶೀತಲ [shitala]1.
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Śītaḷa (ಶೀತಳ):—[noun] = ಶೀತಲ [shitala]2.
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Śītāḷa (ಶೀತಾಳ):—[adjective] cool; cold; frigid.
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Śītāḷa (ಶೀತಾಳ):—
1) [noun] the quality or condition of being cold; coldness.
2) [noun] a kind fever accompanied by delirium.
3) [noun] cold water.
4) [noun] pure or undefiled water.
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Śītāḷa (ಶೀತಾಳ):—[noun] = ಶೀತಲೆ [shitale].
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Sitāḷa (ಸಿತಾಳ):—[adjective] cool; cold; frigid.
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Sitāḷa (ಸಿತಾಳ):—
1) [noun] the quality or condition of being cold; coldness.
2) [noun] a kind fever accompanied by delirium.
3) [noun] a kind of agricultural land.
4) [noun] pure or undefiled water.
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Sītaḷa (ಸೀತಳ):—[adjective] cool; cold; frigid.
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Sītaḷa (ಸೀತಳ):—
1) [noun] the quality or condition of being cold; coldness.
2) [noun] a kind fever accompanied by delirium.
3) [noun] a kind of agricultural land.
4) [noun] pure or undefiled water.
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Sītāḷa (ಸೀತಾಳ):—[noun] = ಸೀತಾಳೆ [sitale]2.
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Sītāḷa (ಸೀತಾಳ):—[noun] = ಸೀತಾಳೆ [sitale]1.
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Sītāḷa (ಸೀತಾಳ):—[adjective] = ಸೀತಳ [sitala]1.
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Sītāḷa (ಸೀತಾಳ):—[noun] = ಸೀತಳ [sitala]2.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+19): Shitala dikshita, Shitalacanda, Shitalacchada, Shitalachchada, Shitalachhada, Shitalacini, Shitaladevi, Shitaladevimantra, Shitaladikshita, Shitalagauripujavidhi, Shitalai, Shitalajala, Shitalaka, Shitalambamantra, Shitalanatha, Shitalanathastavana, Shitalapati, Shitalapattrika, Shitalaprada, Shitalaprakarana.
Ends with: Antarbashpashitala, Aramashitala, Ashitala, Atisitala, Deshitala, Himashitala, Kvathitashitala, Panyapeksham Shitala, Ramashitala, Shivashitala, Shrikhandashitala, Sukhashitala, Sushitala.
Full-text (+70): Himashitala, Pandarapushpika, Shitalavata, Shitalavataka, Shitalaprada, Sushitala, Aramashitala, Shitalasaptami, Shitalashashthi, Shitalata, Shitalapuja, Shitalasvamin, Atisitala, Shitalajala, Shitalaka, Shitalagauripujavidhi, Shitalastotra, Shitalaprakarana, Ramashitala, Shitalai.
Relevant text
Search found 28 books and stories containing Shitala, Sitala, Śītalā, Sītala, Śītala, Śitaḷa, Śitala, Śītaḷa, Śītāḷa, Śitāḷa, Sitāḷa, Sītaḷa, Sītāḷa; (plurals include: Shitalas, Sitalas, Śītalās, Sītalas, Śītalas, Śitaḷas, Śitalas, Śītaḷas, Śītāḷas, Śitāḷas, Sitāḷas, Sītaḷas, Sītāḷas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 5.20.3 < [Chapter 20 - The Liberation of Ṛbhu Muni During the Rāsa-dance Festival]
Verse 1.11.18 < [Chapter 11 - Description of Śrī Kṛṣṇacandra’s Birth]
Verse 1.8.8 < [Chapter 8 - Description of Śrī Rādhikā’s Birth]
The Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 135 - Greatness of Śītalāgaurī (Śītalā-gaurī) < [Section 1 - Prabhāsa-kṣetra-māhātmya]
Chapter 12 - The Greatness of Śītalā < [Section 1 - Avantīkṣetra-māhātmya]
Chapter 8 - Ratikuṇḍa and other Holy Tīrthas < [Section 8 - Ayodhyā-māhātmya]
Paduka-panchaka (the five-fold footstool) (by Arthur Avalon)
Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 3: Metals, Gems and other substances (by Bhudeb Mookerjee)
Part 9 - Svanga-shitala and Bahis-shitala < [Chapter XXXIV - Paribhasa (definitions)]
Kalpa-sutra (Lives of the Jinas) (by Hermann Jacobi)
Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)
Part 13: Śītala’s mokṣa (emancipation) < [Chapter VIII - Śītalanāthacaritra]
Part 7: Śītala’s initiation < [Chapter VIII - Śītalanāthacaritra]
Part 8: Śītala’s omniscience < [Chapter VIII - Śītalanāthacaritra]
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