Shardula, Śārdūla: 27 definitions

Introduction
Image gallery
In Hinduism
In Buddhism
1. Tibetan Buddhism
In Jainism
1. General definition
Biology
Languages
1. Marathi
2. Sanskrit
3. Hindi
4. Kannada
5. Nepali
See also

Introduction:

Shardula means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

The Sanskrit term Śārdūla can be transliterated into English as Sardula or Shardula, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

Alternative spellings of this word include Shardul.

Images (photo gallery)

In Hinduism

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

Śārdūla (शार्दूल).—A spy of Rāvaṇa. It was he, who informed Rāvaṇa about the arrival of Rāma. (Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa, Yuddhakāṇḍa, Canto 30).

Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

Śārdūla (शार्दूल) refers to a “tigers”, acting as Vīrabhadra’s body-guards”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.2.33. Accordingly, as Brahmā narrated to Nārada:—“[...] Receiving his command, with his head bowed down in reverence, Vīrabhadra set off immediately to the place of sacrifice. [...] Many strong lions, tigers (śārdūla), crocodiles, huge fishes and thousands of elephants constituted his body-guard”.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

Śārdūla (शार्दूल).—The lord of animals.^*

* Vāyu-purāṇa 35. 6; 70. 10.

Source: valmikiramayan.net: Srimad Valmiki Ramayana

Śārdūla (शार्दूल) refers to “tigers” (living in the forest), according to the Rāmāyaṇa chapter 2.29. Accordingly:—“[...] Sītā was distressed to hear these words of Rāma and spoke these words slowly, with her face with tears: ‘[...] Oh Rāma! Antelopes, lions, elephants, tigers (śārdūla), Śarabhas (legendary animal with eight legs), birds, yaks and all others which roam in the forest, run away after seeing your form, since they have never seen your figure before. When there is cause for fear, who would not have fear?’”.

context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Chandas (prosody, study of Sanskrit metres)

Source: Shodhganga: a concise history of Sanskrit Chanda literature

Śārdūla (शार्दूल) refers to one of the 23 types of dohā metres (a part of mātrā type) described in the 1st chapter of the Vṛttamauktika by Candraśekhara (17th century): author of many metrical compositions and the son of Lakṣmīnātha Bhaṭṭa and Lopāmudrā.

context information

Chandas (छन्दस्) refers to Sanskrit prosody and represents one of the six Vedangas (auxiliary disciplines belonging to the study of the Vedas). The science of prosody (chandas-shastra) focusses on the study of the poetic meters such as the commonly known twenty-six metres mentioned by Pingalas.

Ayurveda (science of life)

Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)

Source: Shodhganga: Portrayal of Animal Kingdom (Tiryaks) in Epics An Analytical study

Śārdūla (शार्दूल) (lit. “one who is fabulous”) is a synonym (another name) for either the Lion (Siṃha) or the Tiger (Vyāghra), according to scientific texts such as the Mṛgapakṣiśāstra (Mriga-pakshi-shastra) or “the ancient Indian science of animals and birds” by Hamsadeva, containing the varieties and descriptions of the animals and birds seen in the Sanskrit Epics such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata.

Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)

Source: WorldCat: Rāj nighaṇṭu

Śārdūla (शार्दूल) is another name for Citraka, a medicinal plant identified with (1) [white variety] Plumbago zeylanica Linn.; (2) [red variety] Plumbago rosea Linn. syn. or Plumbago indica Linn., both from the Plumbaginaceae or “leadwort” family of flowering plants, according to verse 6.43-45 of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu.—The sixth chapter (pippalyādi-varga) of this book enumerates ninety-five varieties of plants obtained from the market (paṇyauṣadhi). Together with the names Śārdūla and Citraka, there are a total of twenty Sanskrit synonyms identified for this plant.

context information

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira

Śārdūla (शार्दूल) refers to “tigers”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 12), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “Hear now the effects of the heliacal rising of Canopus (Agastya), a star sacred to Agastya who suppressed the Vindhya mountains whose soaring heights obstructed the course of the Sun; [...] whose summits appeared to score the starry vault; whose rocks were full of buzzing bees scared by the violent pulling of flower trees by wild elephants and were also the abodes of hyenas, of bears, of tigers and of monkeys [i.e., tarakṣa-ṛkṣa-śārdūla-śākhāmṛga-adhyāsita]; through which lay the secret course of the Ravi which appeared to embrace its bosom with the affection of a mistress; and in whose forests dwelt the Devas and also Brāhmaṇa recluses, some subsisting on water, some on roots, some on the air and some altogether without food”.

context information

Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

General definition (in Hinduism)

Source: archive.org: Vedic index of Names and Subjects

Śārdūla (शार्दूल, ‘tiger’) is mentioned in the later Saṃhitās and the Brāhmaṇas. Cf. Vyāghra.

In Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Source: academia.edu: The Structure and Meanings of the Heruka Maṇḍala

Śārdūla (शार्दूल) is the name of a Vīra (hero) who, together with the Ḍākinī named Śārdūlī forms one of the 36 pairs situated in the Medinīcakra, according to the 10th century Ḍākārṇava chapter 15. Accordingly, the medinīcakra refers to one of the three divisions of the dharma-puṭa (‘dharma layer’), situated in the Herukamaṇḍala. The 36 pairs of Ḍākinīs and Vīras [viz., Śārdūla] are yellow in color; the shapes of their faces are in accordance with their names; they have four arms; they hold a skull bowl, a skull staff, a small drum, and a knife.

context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: archive.org: Een Kritische Studie Van Svayambhūdeva’s Paümacariu

Śārdūla (शार्दूल) participated in the war between Rāma and Rāvaṇa, on the side of the latter, as mentioned in Svayambhūdeva’s Paumacariu (Padmacarita, Paumacariya or Rāmāyaṇapurāṇa) chapter 57ff. Svayambhū or Svayambhūdeva (8th or 9th century) was a Jain householder who probably lived in Karnataka. His work recounts the popular Rāma story as known from the older work Rāmāyaṇa (written by Vālmīki). Various chapters [mentioning Śārdūla] are dedicated to the humongous battle whose armies (known as akṣauhiṇīs) consisted of millions of soldiers, horses and elephants, etc.

Source: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections

Śārdūla (शार्दूल) refers to “lions”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “Snakes, fire, poison, tigers, elephants, lions (śārdūla), demons and kings, etc. do not hurt those whose selves are settled in the doctrine. On the earth even the lord of the snakes with a thousand trembling mouths is not able to describe clearly the entire power of the doctrine”.

Synonyms: Kaṇṭhīrava, Hari, Siṃha.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

Biology (plants and animals)

Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)

Shardula in India is the name of a plant defined with Plumbago zeylanica in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Plumbago zeylanica var. glaucescens Boiss. (among others).

Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):

· Taxon (1979)
· FBI (1882)
· Species Plantarum (1762)
· Fieldiana, Botany (1966)
· Flora of Southern Africa (1963)
· Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden (1985)

If you are looking for specific details regarding Shardula, for example extract dosage, side effects, health benefits, chemical composition, pregnancy safety, diet and recipes, have a look at these references.

context information

This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

śārdūla (शार्दूल).—m S pop. śārdūḷa m A tiger. 2 A tree, Pentaptera tomentosa vel Urjuna.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

śārdūla (शार्दूल).—m A tiger. A particular tree.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Śārdūla (शार्दूल).—[śṝ-ūlal duk ca Uṇādi-sūtra 4.97]

1) A tiger.

2) A leopard or panther.

3) A demon, Rākṣasa.

4) A kind of bird.

5) A kind of animal called शरभ (śarabha).

6) A lion.

7) (at the end of comp.) An eminent or distinguished person, foremost; as in नरशार्दूलः (naraśārdūlaḥ); cf. कुञ्जर (kuñjara).

Derivable forms: śārdūlaḥ (शार्दूलः).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Śardūla (शर्दूल).—[, Lalitavistara 207.17; read with some mss. gar- dūla, q.v.]

--- OR ---

Śārdūla (शार्दूल).—name of a Bodhisattva: Gaṇḍavyūha 442.16.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Śārdūla (शार्दूल).—m.

(-laḥ) 1. A tiger. 2. Another animal. 3. A Rakshasa. 4. A sort of bird. 5. (In composition,) Pre-eminent, excellent. 6. A form of metre, a variety of the class Dhriti, or stanza of four lines of 18 syllables each; also of the class Atidhriti, in which there are 19 syllables in the line. E. śṝ to injure, dūlac aff.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Śārdūla (शार्दूल).—m. 1. A tiger, [Nala] 12, 129. 2. A Rākṣasa. 3. A sort of bird. 4. (as latter part of comp. words), Best, pre-eminent; e. g. muni-, m. A pre-eminent sage, [Lassen, Anthologia Sanskritica.] 49, 15; rājaśardūla, i. e. rājan-, m. A pre-eminent king, [Rāmāyaṇa] 3, 49, 28.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Śārdūla (शार्दूल).—[masculine] tiger ([feminine] ī); best among (—°).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Śārdūla (शार्दूल):—m. (of unknown derivation) a tiger, [Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā] etc. etc.

2) a lion, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

3) a panther, leopard, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

4) the fabulous animal Śarabha, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

5) a kind of bird, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

6) any eminent person, best, excellent, pre-eminent (ifc.; cf. vyāghra), [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.

7) Plumbago Zeylanica, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

8) Name of two metres (cf. below), [Colebrooke]

9) of a Rākṣasa, [Rāmāyaṇa]

10) [plural] Name of a Śākhā or school of the Yajur-veda

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Śārdūla (शार्दूल):—(laḥ) 1. m. A tiger; a rākshasa; sort of bird; name of a metre; (in compounds) preeminent.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Śārdūla (शार्दूल) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Saddūla.

[Sanskrit to German]

Shardula in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Śārdūla (शार्दूल) [Also spelled shardul]:—(nm) a tiger.

context information

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Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Śārdūla (ಶಾರ್ದೂಲ):—

1) [noun] a very fabulous mythological animal having eight legs, believed to overpower lions and elephants.

2) [noun] a tiger.

3) [noun] a lion.

4) [noun] a panther or leopard.

5) [noun] (in comp.) an excellent man.

6) [noun] name of a daemon.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Nepali dictionary

Source: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

Śārdūla (शार्दूल):—n. 1. a ferocious animal; like a lion or tiger; 2. a leopard or panther; 3. an eminent or distinguished person;

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

Relevant text

Search found 27 books and stories containing Shardula, Śārdūla, Sardula, Śardūla; (plurals include: Shardulas, Śārdūlas, Sardulas, Śardūlas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Verse 5.21.1 < [Chapter 21 - The Story of Śrī Nārada]

Verses 1.15.41-45 < [Chapter 15 - Revelation of the Universal Form to Nanda’s Wife]

Verse 6.2.32 < [Chapter 2 - Residence in Śrī Dvārakā]

+ 11 more chapters / show preview

Text 10.13 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]

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Part 39 - Treatment for chronic diarrhea (11): Grahani-shardula rasa < [Chapter III - Jvaratisara fever with diarrhoea]

Part 4 - Treatment for enlargement of spleen and liver (3): Pliha-shardula rasa < [Chapter VII - Enlargement of spleen (plihodara) and liver (yakridudara)]

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Chapter 30 - Shardula gives an Account of his Mission to Ravana < [Book 6 - Yuddha-kanda]

Chapter 29 - Ravana sends out fresh Spies < [Book 6 - Yuddha-kanda]

Chapter 20 - Ravana sends Shuka to Sugriva < [Book 6 - Yuddha-kanda]