Shanku, Samku, Sān kǔ, San ku, Sān kū, Saṅku, Śaṅku, Sanku, Shamku, Shān gǔ, Shan gu: 44 definitions
Introduction:
Shanku means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi, Tamil. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Śaṅku can be transliterated into English as Sanku or Shanku, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Images (photo gallery)
In Hinduism
Vastushastra (architecture)
Śaṅku (शङ्कु) refers to a type of temple (prāsāda) classified under the group named Triviṣṭapa, according to Samarāṅgaṇasūtradhāra chapter 49. The Triviṣṭapa group contains ten out of a sixty-four total prāsādas (temples) classified under five prime vimānas (aerial car/palace), which were created by Brahmā for as many gods (including himself). This group represents temples (e.g. Śaṅku) that are to be octangular in shape. The prāsādas, or ‘temples’, represent the dwelling place of God and are to be built in towns. The Samarāṅgaṇasūtradhāra is an 11th-century encyclopedia dealing with various topics from the Vāstuśāstra.
Śaṅku is mentioned in another list from the Samarāṅgaṇasūtradhāra chapter 56, being part of the group named Lalita, containing 25 unique temple varieties.
Śaṅku (शङ्कु) refers to the “pegs”, as discussed in chapter 7 of the Ādikāṇḍa of the Hayaśīrṣasaṃhitā: a large Pāñcarātra Āgama consisting of roughly 6500 verses dealing primarily with architecture, temple-building and consecration rituals and iconography.—Description of the chapter [śaṅku-lakṣaṇa]: The bulk of the chapter (1-10) is given over to definition of units of measurement used in constructing building and icons and the appointments for each. It is stated (11) that pegs (śaṅku) should be made according to these units of measurement.
Śaṅku (शङ्कु) refers to “gnomon § 2.22.”.—(For paragraphs cf. Les enseignements architecturaux de l'Ajitāgama et du Rauravāgama by Bruno Dagens)
Śaṅku (शङ्कु) refers to a “gnomon”, according to the Kāmikāgama: an ancient Śaiva Āgama scripture in 12,000 Sanskrit verses dating to at least the 5th century and represented as an encyclopedic account of ritual instructions (kriyāpāda).—In modern print editions, the Kāmika-āgama is structured in two major parts. The Pūrvabhāga consists of 75 chapters (paṭalas) [...] Chapters 9 to 34 present a general account of the principles and preliminary rites for the construction of temples, houses, buildings, and settlements. [...] In Chapter 15, we find instructions for the placement of a gnomon (śaṅku-sthāpana). Chapters 16 and 17 describe the instruments to be used for measurements and the placement of a construction diagram.
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
1) Śaṅku (शङ्कु).—A son of Hiraṇyākṣa. Śambara, Śakuni, Dvimūrdhā, Śaṅku and Ārya were the sons of Hiraṇyāksa (Agni Purāṇa, Chapter 19).
2) Śaṅku (शङ्कु).—A Yādava King who was present at the wedding of Draupadī. (Ādi Parva, Chapter 185, Verse 19).
2) He was a member of the company of Yādavas, who carried Subhadrā’s dowry at her wedding with Arjuna. He was a mahārathī also. (Sabhā Parva, Chapter 14 and Ādi Parva, Chapter 220).
Śaṅku (शङ्कु) refers to “geese” (a goose), according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.2.22. Accordingly as Brahmā narrated to Nārada:—“[...] On the top of the mountain near the city of Himālaya (śailarājapura), Śiva sported about for a long time in the company of Satī. [...] kinds of birds flew there, such as—Cakravāka, Kādamba, swans, geese (Śaṅku), the intoxicated Sārasas, cranes, the peacocks etc. The sweet note of the male cuckoo reverberated there”.
1a) Śaṅku (शङ्कु).—A son of Ugrasena;1 a follower of Bali.2
- 1) Bhāgavata-purāṇa IX. 24. 24; Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 71. 33; Matsya-purāṇa 44. 74; Viṣṇu-purāṇa IV. 14. 20.
- 2) Matsya-purāṇa 245. 31.
1b) A son of Kṛṣṇa and Satyā.*
- * Bhāgavata-purāṇa X. 61. 13.
1c) A son of Ūrjā and Vasiṣṭha.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 11. 42.
1d) One hundred thousand crores.*
- * Vāyu-purāṇa 101. 97.
Śaṅku (शङ्कु) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. I.90.94) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Śaṅku) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Śaṅku (शङ्कु) refers to a “gnomon”, according to Bhāskara’s commentary on the Āryabhaṭīya.—Accordingly, “'[...] ‘It is only a rough method (sthūlaḥ kalpaḥ) to say that the one-sixtieth part of the water that has been discharged in the course of a nychthemeron is the measure of one ghaṭikā. The more accurate method is to measure the ghaṭikā by marking the shadow of one ghaṭikā, cast by a gnomon [i.e., śaṅku] of specified shape that has been set up on a level ground. The perforation in [the bowl of] the ghaṭikā-yantra should be made skilfully according to the period measured by the shadow.’ [...]”.
Śaṅku (शङ्कु).—1. Gnomon. 2. The R sine of the altitude of a heavenly body. Note: Śaṅku is a Sanskrit technical term used in ancient Indian sciences such as Astronomy, Mathematics and Geometry.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)
Śaṅku (शङ्कु) refers to “ten trillion” (10,000,000,000,000) in various lists of numeral denominations, according to gaṇita (“science of calculation”) and Gaṇita-śāstra, ancient Indian mathematics and astronomy.—We can definitely say that from the very earliest known times, ten has formed the basis of numeration in India. While the Greeks had no terminology for denominations above the myriad (104), and the Romans above the milk (103), the ancient Hindus dealt freely with no less than eighteen denominations [e.g., śaṅku]. Cf. Yajurveda-saṃhitā (Vājasanyī) XVII.2; Taittirīya-saṃhitā IV.40.11, VII.2.20.1; Maitrāyaṇī-saṃhitā II.8.14; Kāṭhaka-saṃhitā XVII.10, XXXIX.6; Anuyogadvāra-sūtra 142; Āryabhaṭīya II.2; Triśatikā R.2-3; Gaṇitasārasaṃgraha I.63-68.
Ganita (गणित) or Ganitashastra refers to the ancient Indian science of mathematics, algebra, number theory, arithmetic, etc. Closely allied with astronomy, both were commonly taught and studied in universities, even since the 1st millennium BCE. Ganita-shastra also includes ritualistic math-books such as the Shulba-sutras.
Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)
Śaṅku (शङ्कु) or Śaṅkulakṣaṇa is the name of chapter 3 of the Saura-Kāṇḍa of the Hayaśīrṣapañcarātra: an ancient Pāñcarātra consisting of four sections (kāṇḍas), deriving its name from the fact that according to its frame-story (ādikāṇḍa) it was revealed by God in the form of Hayaśiras, the Horse-Headed One. The Agnipurāṇa chapters 62-69 have parallels with the Saṃkarṣaṇakāṇḍa of the Hayaśīrṣa-pañcarātra.
Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Agriculture (Krishi) and Vrikshayurveda (study of Plant life)
1) Śaṅku (शङ्कु) (or sthāṇu) refers to “those plants having a branchless stem”, and represents a technical term related to the morphology branch of “plant science”, which ultimately involves the study of life history of plants, including its origin and development, their external and internal structures and the relation of the members of the plant body with one another.—This branch of Botany is divided into “external morphology” and “internal morphology” or “histology”. The Vājasaneyī Saṃhitā and Taittirīya Saṃhitā mention various parts of plants, e.g., Branch (śākhā). [...] The stem or the kāṇḍa is often taken to classify or distinguish the plants into sakāṇḍa and aprakāṇḍa or stambha. The branching of the stem is distinguished as śākhā, anuśākhā and pratiśākhā. The stem or the kāṇḍa which does not branch is known as śaṅku or sthāṇu. The word kāṇḍa also indicates the underground stems which appear like the roots and have a similar environment but are not actually the roots as e.g. laśuna.
2) Śaṅku (शङ्कु) or Śaṅkuvarha refers to a type of Patra (plant-leaf), which represents a technical term related to the morphology branch of “plant science”, which ultimately involves the study of life history of plants, including its origin and development, their external and internal structures and the relation of the members of the plant body with one another.— The vṛkṣāṅga-sūtrīya-adhyāya, i.e., the chapter of the bījotpatti-kāṇḍa of Parāśara’s Vṛkṣāyurveda deals with various parts of plants, e.g., Leaf (parṇa or patra). [...] A leaf which is shaped like spear is called śaṅku-varha.
3) Śaṅku (शङ्कु) or Śaṅkuphala refers to a classification of the Phala (“fruit”) part of plants. [...] Fruits (phala) are distinguished by names also. It is known as śaṅku-phala when the fruit is shaped like a knife (e.g., Holarrhena pubescens).
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Śaṅku (शङ्कु) in the Rigveda and later denotes a ‘wooden peg’. Thus the term is used of the pegs by which a skin is stretched out in the Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa (ii, 1, 1, 10), and of the pin of hobbles (paḍbīśa). In the Chāndogya-upaniṣad it may mean ‘stalk’ or ’fibre of a leaf’.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Śaṅku (शङ्कु) refers to one of the various Grahas and Mahāgrahas mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa: one of the largest Kriyā Tantras devoted to Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śākyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Śaṅku).
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Chinese Buddhism
三苦 [san ku]—The three kinds of duḥkha, pain, or suffering: 苦苦 [ku ku] that produced by direct causes; 壞苦 [huai ku] by loss or deprivation; 行苦 [xing ku] by the passing or impermanency of all things.
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
三苦 [san ku]—The Three Sufferings — [Nomenclature] 1. The suffering of suffering (苦苦 [ku ku]): the suffering arising from painful conditions such as cold, heat, hunger, and thirst. 2. The suffering of change (壞苦 [huai ku]): the suffering arising when pleasurable circumstances cease. 3. The suffering of conditioned existence (行苦 [xing ku]): the suffering arising from the impermanence and flux of all conditioned phenomena. (See Abhidharma-kośa-śāstra, Chapter 22; Dharma-saṃgraha, Chapter 12).
According to the Samkhya school, the three sufferings are based on internal, external, and divine causes. Internal refers to the suffering of body and mind. External refers to suffering caused by harm from people or things. Divine refers to suffering caused by wind, snow, and other natural phenomena. (See Samkhya-karika, Part 1).
[Nomenclature] 1. The suffering of suffering (苦苦 [ku ku]): the suffering and distress arising from the presence of painful circumstances. 2. The suffering of change (壞苦 [huai ku]): the suffering and distress arising from the departure of pleasurable circumstances. 3. The suffering of conditioned existence (行苦 [xing ku]): "Xing" (conditioned existence) means flux; it is the suffering and distress arising from the flux and impermanence of all phenomena.
The Desire Realm has all three sufferings. The Form Realm has the suffering of change (壞苦 [huai ku]) and the suffering of conditioned existence (行苦 [xing ku]). The Formless Realm has only the suffering of conditioned existence (行苦 [xing ku]).
The Sutra of Immeasurable Life, Part 1, states: "With various dharma medicines, [one] cures the three sufferings." The Lotus Sutra, Chapter on Faith and Understanding, states: "Because of the three sufferings, in saṃsāra, [one] endures various vexations."
三苦—【名數】一苦苦，自寒熱饑渴等苦緣所生之苦。二壞苦，樂境壞時所生之苦。三行苦，為一切有為法無常遷動之苦。見俱舍論二十二，三藏法數十二。
數論三苦，依內，依外，依天也。依內者，身心之苦。依外者，由人物害來之苦。依天者，由風雪等來之苦。見金七十論上。
【名數】一、苦苦，由苦事之成而生苦惱者。二、壞苦，由樂事之去而生苦惱者。三、行苦，行者遷流之義，由一切法之遷流無常而生苦惱者。欲界有三苦。色界有壞苦行苦。無色界有行苦。無量壽經上曰：「以諸法藥救療三苦。」法華經信解品曰：「以三苦故，於生死中，受諸熱惱。」
[míng shù] yī kǔ kǔ, zì hán rè jī kě děng kǔ yuán suǒ shēng zhī kǔ. èr huài kǔ, lè jìng huài shí suǒ shēng zhī kǔ. sān xíng kǔ, wèi yī qiè yǒu wèi fǎ wú cháng qiān dòng zhī kǔ. jiàn jù shě lùn èr shí èr, sān cáng fǎ shù shí èr.
shù lùn sān kǔ, yī nèi, yī wài, yī tiān yě. yī nèi zhě, shēn xīn zhī kǔ. yī wài zhě, yóu rén wù hài lái zhī kǔ. yī tiān zhě, yóu fēng xuě děng lái zhī kǔ. jiàn jīn qī shí lùn shàng.
[míng shù] yī,, kǔ kǔ, yóu kǔ shì zhī chéng ér shēng kǔ nǎo zhě. èr,, huài kǔ, yóu lè shì zhī qù ér shēng kǔ nǎo zhě. sān,, xíng kǔ, xíng zhě qiān liú zhī yì, yóu yī qiè fǎ zhī qiān liú wú cháng ér shēng kǔ nǎo zhě. yù jiè yǒu sān kǔ. sè jiè yǒu huài kǔ xíng kǔ. wú sè jiè yǒu xíng kǔ. wú liàng shòu jīng shàng yuē: “yǐ zhū fǎ yào jiù liáo sān kǔ.” fǎ huá jīng xìn jiě pǐn yuē: “yǐ sān kǔ gù, yú shēng sǐ zhōng, shòu zhū rè nǎo.”
[ming shu] yi ku ku, zi han re ji ke deng ku yuan suo sheng zhi ku. er huai ku, le jing huai shi suo sheng zhi ku. san xing ku, wei yi qie you wei fa wu chang qian dong zhi ku. jian ju she lun er shi er, san cang fa shu shi er.
shu lun san ku, yi nei, yi wai, yi tian ye. yi nei zhe, shen xin zhi ku. yi wai zhe, you ren wu hai lai zhi ku. yi tian zhe, you feng xue deng lai zhi ku. jian jin qi shi lun shang.
[ming shu] yi,, ku ku, you ku shi zhi cheng er sheng ku nao zhe. er,, huai ku, you le shi zhi qu er sheng ku nao zhe. san,, xing ku, xing zhe qian liu zhi yi, you yi qie fa zhi qian liu wu chang er sheng ku nao zhe. yu jie you san ku. se jie you huai ku xing ku. wu se jie you xing ku. wu liang shou jing shang yue: "yi zhu fa yao jiu liao san ku." fa hua jing xin jie pin yue: "yi san ku gu, yu sheng si zhong, shou zhu re nao."
三苦 ts = sān kǔ p refers to [phrase] “three kinds of suffering”; Domain: Buddhism 佛教 [fu jiao]; Notes: Sanskrit equivalent: trayaduḥkhatā, Tibetan: sdug bsngal gsum gyi ming la; the three are: (1) 苦苦 [ku ku] 'suffering from external circumstances', (2) 壞苦 [huai ku] 'suffering from impermanence, and (3) 行苦 [xing ku] 'suffering as a consequence of action' (Ding '三苦 [san ku]'; FGDB '三苦 [san ku]'; Karashima 2001 '三苦 [san ku]'; Mahāvyutpatti 'trayaduḥkhatā'; SH '三苦 [san ku]', p. 75) .
Chinese Buddhism (漢傳佛教, hanchuan fojiao) is the form of Buddhism that developed in China, blending Mahayana teachings with Daoist and Confucian thought. Its texts are mainly in Classical Chinese, based on translations from Sanskrit. Major schools include Chan (Zen), Pure Land, Tiantai, and Huayan. Chinese Buddhism has greatly influenced East Asian religion and culture.
India history and geography
Śaṅku (शङ्कु) or Śaṅkukavi is the author of the Padmanābhodaya: a text talking about the Thiruvananthapuram temple.—Several works other than the Purāṇas speak about the glory of the Tiruvanantapuram temple. The unpublished Padmanābhodaya is a short kāvya of Śaṅku or Śaṅkukavi (eighteenth century CE), written at the instance of Ramavarma Yuvaraja, a nephew of King Martanda Varma of Travancore, on the Tiruvanantapuram temple.
Sankhu is the ancient Newar town located in the north-eastern corner of Kathmandu Valley and is about 17 kilometres from the capital city Kathmandu. This temple is part of a medieval Lichchhavi period (2nd – 9th century CE) Newari settlement in the east of the Kathmandu Valley. The Sankhu Vajrayogini is the eldest of the four sister Yoginis of the Kathmandu Valley, known as the Sankhu Khamdga Yogini, Guhyeshvari, Phamthing Yogini, and Vidyeshvari.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
saṅku : (m.) a stake; a spike.
Saṅku, (cp. Vedic śaṅku) a stake, spike; javelin M. I, 337; S. IV, 168; J. VI, 112; DhA. I, 69.—ayo° an iron stake A. IV, 131.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
śaṅku (शंकु).—m S The gnomon or style of a dial. 2 A spike, nail, prong, pin, peg, stake, pale &c. generally. 3 A number, ten billions. 4 In modern translations. A cone. 5 The sine of the altitude of a heavenly body.
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sāṅkū (सांकू).—m ( H) A bridge, yet understood esp. of a bridge or a float of rude materials and hasty construction.
śaṅku (शंकु).—m The style of a dial. A spike. 10 billions. A cone.
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sāṅkū (सांकू).—m A bridge of rude materials.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Śaṅku (शङ्कु).—[śaṅk-uṇ Uṇādi-sūtra 1.36]
1) A dart, spear, spike, javelin, dagger; oft. at the end of comp; शोकशङ्कुः (śokaśaṅkuḥ) 'the dart of grief', i. e. sharp or poignant grief; तथैव तीव्रो हृदि शोकशङ्कुर्मर्माणि कृन्तन्नपि किं न सोढः (tathaiva tīvro hṛdi śokaśaṅkurmarmāṇi kṛntannapi kiṃ na soḍhaḥ) Uttararāmacarita 3.35; R.8.93; Kirātārjunīya 16.15.
2) A stake, pillar, post, pale; महासुहयः सैन्धवः पड्वीशशङ्कून् संवृहेत् (mahāsuhayaḥ saindhavaḥ paḍvīśaśaṅkūn saṃvṛhet) Bri. Up.6.1.13; निखातशङ्कुसंबद्धसैन्धवश्रेणिसंयुतम् (nikhātaśaṅkusaṃbaddhasaindhavaśreṇisaṃyutam) Siva B.2. 53.
3) A nail, pin, peg; बभूवु सप्त दुर्धर्षाः खादिरैः शङ्कुभि- श्चिताः (babhūvu sapta durdharṣāḥ khādiraiḥ śaṅkubhi- ścitāḥ) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 3.284.3; अयःशङ्कुचितां रक्षः शतघ्नीमथ शत्रवे (ayaḥśaṅkucitāṃ rakṣaḥ śataghnīmatha śatrave) (akṣipat) R.12.95.
4) The sharp head or point of an arrow, barb; Daśakumāracarita 1.1.
5) The trunk (of a lopped tree), stump, pollard.
6) The pin of a dial.
7) A measure of twelve fingers.
8) A measuring-rod.
9) The sine of altitude (in astr.).
1) Ten billions.
11) The fibres of a leaf; यथा शङ्कुना सर्वाणि पर्णानि संतृण्णानि (yathā śaṅkunā sarvāṇi parṇāni saṃtṛṇṇāni) Ch. Up. 2.23.3.
12) An ant-hill.
13) The penis.
14) The skate-fish.
15) A demon.
16) Poison.
17) Sin; crime.
18) An aquatic animal, particularly, a goose.
19) Name of Śiva.
2) The Sāla tree.
21) A kind of perfume (nakhī).
22) Name of Kāma, the god of love.
Derivable forms: śaṅkuḥ (शङ्कुः).
Śaṅku (शङ्कु).—m.
(-ṅkuḥ) 1. The trunk of a lopped tree. 2. A javelin, a spear. 3. A pin, a stake, a pale. 4. The gnomon of a dial, usually twelve fingers long. 5. A long thin column in front of a pagoda. 6. The penis. 7. A number. 8. The small fibres of a leaf. 9. The scate fish, (Raia Sankur, Ham.) 10. A sort of perfume, commonly Nak'hi. 11. A goose. 12. An ant-hill. 13. A goblin, a demon. 14. A Gand'harba attached to Siva. 15. A name of Siva. 16. Kama. 17. Sin. 18. Fear, terror. 19. The pointed head of an arrow, a shaft. 20. A measuring rod. 21. A large number “ten billions.” 22. Poison. 23. Sine of altitude, (in astro.) E. śaki to doubt or apprehend, aff. uṇ .
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Saṅku (सङ्कु).—m.
(-ṅkuḥ) A hole.
Śaṅku (शङ्कु).—[śaṅk + u], (partly śak + u, cf. śakti), m. 1. Fear. 2. Śiva. 3. Kāma. 4. A demon. 5. Poison. 6. Sin. 7. A pin, [Hitopadeśa] iv. [distich] 69; a pale, a style, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 8, 271; a stake. 8. The trunk of a lopped tree. 9. A dart, [Uttara Rāmacarita, 2. ed. Calc., 1862.] 75, 12; a javelin, [Pañcatantra] 87, 12 (cf. [Hiḍimbavadha] 2, 4); a weapon in general. 10. A goose. 11. An ant-hill. 12. A skate. 13. A number, ten billions. 14. A tree, Shorea robusta.
Śaṅku (शङ्कु).—[masculine] a pointed peg or wooden nail, stake, pike, beam, arrow, spear, sting (lit. & [figuratively]), [Name] of a serpent-demon etc.
1) Śaṅku (शङ्कु):—[from śaṅk] 1. śaṅku m. (for 2. See [column]2) fear, terror, [Horace H. Wilson]
2) 2. śaṅku m. (of doubtful derivation) a peg, nail, spike, [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc.
3) a stick, [Harivaṃśa]
4) a stake, post, pillar, [Mahābhārata]
5) an arrow, spear, dart ([figuratively] applied to the ‘sting’ of sorrow, pain etc.; cf. śankā-, śoka-ś etc.), [Harivaṃśa; Kāvya literature; Rājataraṅgiṇī]
6) a [particular] weapon or any weapon, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
7) the pin or gnomon of a dial (usually twelve fingers long), [Colebrooke]
8) a kind of forceps (used for the extraction of a dead fetus), [Suśruta]
9) the fibre or vein of a leaf, [Chāndogya-upaniṣad]
10) the measure of twelve fingers, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
11) (in [astronomy]) the sine of altitude, [Sūryasiddhānta]
12) a [particular] high number, ten billions (compared to an innumerable collection of ants), [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa]
13) the clapper of a bell, [Govardh.] ([cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.] also the penis; poison; Unguis Odoratus; a [particular] tree or the trunk of a lopped tree; a [particular] fish [accord. to some ‘the skate fish’] or aquatic animal; a goose; a measuring rod; a Rākṣasa; Name of Śiva; of a Gandharva attendant on Śiva; of Kāma; of a Nāga; = aṃśa)
14) Name of a man [gana] gargādi
15) of a Dānava, [Harivaṃśa]
16) of a Vṛṣṇi (son of Ugra-sena), [Mahābhārata; Harivaṃśa; Purāṇa]
17) of a son of Kṛṣṇa, [Harivaṃśa]
18) of a poet (= śaṅkuka q.v.), [Catalogue(s)]
19) of a. Brāhman, [Buddhist literature]
20) n. Name of a Sāman, [Ārṣeya-brāhmaṇa]
21) Saṅku (सङ्कु):—(?) m. a hole, [Horace H. Wilson]
1) Śaṅku (शङ्कु):—(ṅkuḥ) 2. m. The trunk of a lopped tree; scate fish; javelin; stake; a number; fear; fibres of a leaf; sin; a gnomon; demon; goose; ant-hill; Shiva; Kāma.
2) Saṅku (सङ्कु):—(ṅkuḥ) 1. m. A hole.
Śaṅku (शङ्कु):—[Uṇādisūtra 1, 37.] gaṇa bhīmādi zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 3, 4, 74.] m. (n. [Harivaṃśa 749])
1) spitzer Pflock, Holznagel; = kīla, kīlaka [Amarakoṣa 3, 4, 26, 199.] [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 3, 3, 44.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha 2, 17.] [Medinīkoṣa k. 34.] [Halāyudha 2, 296.] [VIŚVA] bei [UJJVAL.] — [Ṛgveda 1, 164, 48.] śaṅkubhiścarma vihanyāt [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 2, 1, 1, 10. 3, 5, 1, 1. 2, 2. 6, 1, 3. 13, 8, 4, 1.] paḍbīśa [14, 9, 2, 13.] [Pañcaviṃśabrāhmaṇa 11, 10, 12.] [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 5, 3, 14. 7, 4, 8. 16, 8, 7.] [LĀṬY. 3, 10, 9.] dhāna [Kauśika’s Sūtra zum Atuarvaveda 26. fg.] khadira [GOBH. 4, 8, 7.] [Kauśika’s Sūtra zum Atuarvaveda 25. 49. 51.] [Suśruta 1, 136, 19.] sphoṭana [2, 458, 5.] [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 60, 6.] sadṛśau karṇau [Pañcatantra 87, 12.] sa bhuktaśeṣaṃ bhikṣānnaṃ naktaṃ sthāpayati sma tat . bhikṣābhāṇḍasthamalaṅghyaśaṅkau [Kathāsaritsāgara 61, 90. 104, 140.] daṇḍaṃ śaṅku śatāvṛtam [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 127, 18.] padmavyomasthāpana [Oxforder Handschriften 322], b, 13. nikṣepyo yomayaḥ śaṅkurjvalannāsye daśāṅgulaḥ [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 8, 271.] āyasa [Rāmāyaṇa 3, 32, 12.] ayaḥśaṅkucitā śataghnī [Raghuvaṃśa 12, 95.] [Rājataraṅgiṇī 3, 22. 7, 348] (nāyaḥśaṅkūn zu lesen). maṇi [PAÑCAR. 3, 12, 7. 15.] —
2) Haken zur Extraction eines todten Fötus [Suśruta 1, 92, 21.] garbha [VĀGBH. 25, 32.] —
3) Stecken: kāṣṭhaśaṅkubhiḥ . ajaiḍakaṃ kharoṣṭraṃ ca pālayiṣyanti [Harivaṃśa 11206.] Stakete, Pfahl, Balken; = sthāṇu [Amarakoṣa 2, 4, 1, 8.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 1122.] [VIŚVA a. a. O.] khādiraiḥ śaṅkubhiścitāḥ (parikhāḥ) [Mahābhārata 3, 16325.] śaṅkubhiḥ kīrṇe śvabhre [Amarakoṣa 3, 4, 26, 205.] śilābhiḥ śaṅkubhirvāpi śvabhrairvā ye mārgamanurundhanti [Mahābhārata 13, 1649.] = ālāna [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 2, 8, 39.] —
4) Blattrippe: yathā śaṅkunā sarvāṇi pattrāṇi saṃtṛṇṇāni [Chāndogyopaniṣad 2, 23, 4.] = pattrasirājāla [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] —
5) eine best. Waffe, = astrabheda [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] = śastrajāti [Halāyudha 2, 321.] = śastra [VIŚVA a. a. O.] = śalya [Amarakoṣa 2, 8, 2, 61.] [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 2, 8, 55.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 787.] = astra [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 3, 3, 44.] —
6) Stachel in übertr. Bed. von Allem was das Herz aufregt und peinigt [Harivaṃśa 747. 749] (neutr.). ahantāmamatākhyābhyāṃ śaṅku.hyām [Rājataraṅgiṇī 4, 68.] śoka [Spr. 2480.] [Raghuvaṃśa 8, 92.] [UTTARAR. 58, 3 (75, 12).] [Rājataraṅgiṇī 2, 80.] dṛḍhāmarṣaśoka [8, 1583.] utkhāya śaṅkāśaṅkuṃ mahīpateḥ [1634.] Hierher vielleicht śaṅku = kaluṣa [Medinīkoṣa] = pāpa [VIŚVA a. a. O.] —
7) Zeiger an einer Sonnenuhr, Gnomon [Algebra 106.] chāyā [Sūryasiddhānta 3, 13.] Schol. zu [34.] [GOLĀDHY.] [YANTR. 9.] jīvā der Sinus des Gnomons (der Höhe) [Sūryasiddhānta 3, 22.] das einfache śaṅka dass. [GAṆIT.] [TRIPRAŚN. 12.] [GOLĀDHY.] [TRIPRAŚN. 36. fgg.] sama, koṇa, madhya [Siddhāntaśiromaṇi S. 171.] tala die sogenannte Basis des Gnomons [GOLĀDHY.] [TRIPRAŚN. 40.] —
8) ein best. Längenmaass, = 12 Fingerbreiten (die gewöhnliche Höhe eines Gnomons) [VIṢṆUDHARMOTT. im Tithyāditattva] nach [Śabdakalpadruma] —
9) penis [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 126.] —
10) Gift [VIŚVA.] —
11) ein best. Parfum, = nakhī [Rājanirghaṇṭa im Śabdakalpadruma] —
12) ein best. Baum [VIŚVA]; vgl. taru . —
13) ein best. Wasserthier [Amarakoṣa 1, 2, 3, 20.] [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 3, 3, 44.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] [VIŚVA a. a. O.] —
14) Bez. der Zahl [?10,000,000,000,000 Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 3, 3, 44. Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 874. Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha Medinīkoṣa VIŚVA a. a. O. Algebra 4. Mahābhārata 13, 5267. Rāmāyaṇa 3, 48, 55. 6, 16, 55.] —
15) Name verschiedener Sāman [Weber’s Indische Studien 3, 239],a. —
16) = aṃśa [Medinīkoṣa] —
17) ein Rakṣas [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 1, 1, 74.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 36.] [Śabdamālā im Śabdakalpadruma] —
18) ein N. Śiva’s [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 46.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Hārāvalī 8.] —
19) Nomen proprium gaṇa gargādi zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 4, 1, 105.] kurvādi zu [151.] eines Dānava [Harivaṃśa 2281. 14282.] eines Schlangendämons [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 1311, Scholiast] eines Vṛṣṇi (eines Sohnes des Ugrasena) [Mahābhārata 1, 6999. 7992.] [Harivaṃśa 2028. 5091.] (śaṃbhu ed. Calc.). [8402.] [Viṣṇupurāṇa 436.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 9, 24, 23.] eines Sohnes des Kṛṣṇa [10, 61, 13.] [Harivaṃśa 9195] (nach der Lesart der neueren Ausg.). Nomen proprium eines Dichters [Oxforder Handschriften 125], a, 4. am Hofe Vikramāditya’s [Kāvya-Saṅgraha 1.] [morgenländischen Gesellschaft 22, 722.] Nomen proprium eines Brahmanen (neben kīlaka) [WASSILJEW 51. 205.] [TĀRAN. 5. 97. fgg.] — Vgl. ayaḥ (auch [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 125, 56] als Nomen proprium), garbha, tri, danta, deha, mahā, loha, vṛtra, śaṅkavya und śāṅkavya .
Śaṅku (शङ्कु) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Saṃku.
Śaṅku (in Sanskrit) can be associated with the following Chinese terms:
1) 載 [zài]: “ride (on a vehicle)”.
2) 鈎 [gōu]: “hook”.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Śaṃku (शंकु) [Also spelled shanku]:—(nm) a cone; -[koṇa] conical angle; —, [khokhalā] hollow cone; —, [ṭhosa] solid cone; ~[phala] a cone; -[biṃdu] conical point; -[rūpa] conical; —, [vṛttīya] circular cone.
Shanku in Hindi refers in English to:—(nm) a cone; -[kona] conical angle; —, [khokhala] hollow cone; —, [thosa] solid cone; ~[phala] a cone; -[bimdu] conical point; -[rupa] conical; —, [vrittiya] circular cone..—shanku (शंकु) is alternatively transliterated as Śaṃku.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
Saṃku (संकु) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Śaṅku.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Śaṃku (ಶಂಕು):—[noun] the large, spiral, univalve shell of any of various marine mollusks, used as a trumpet; a conch.
--- OR ---
Śaṃku (ಶಂಕು):—
1) [noun] a piece of hard material with two broad faces meeting in a sharply acute angle, that can be driven or forced into a narrow opening, as to split wood, raise a weight, etc.; a wedge.
2) [noun] a hard object, having a circular base and a vertex point on a different plane, the vertical cross section resembling a triangle; a cone.
3) [noun] an unhewn piece of a felled tree or a similar rough mass of wood.
4) [noun] an instrument that indicates time by the position of a gnomoṇs shadow cast by the sun on the face of a dial marked in hours; a sun-dial.
5) [noun] an instrument of a surveyor used in measuring lands.
6) [noun] a skate fish.
7) [noun] spear or javelin.
8) [noun] a hole (as driven or bored into a solid object).
9) [noun] the condition or quality of being complex; complexity.
10) [noun] a destroying or being destroyed; destrution.
11) [noun] (math.) the cardinal number ten billion.
--- OR ---
Saṃku (ಸಂಕು):—[noun] the large, spiral, univalve shell of any of various marine mollusks, used as a trumpet; a conch.
--- OR ---
Saṃku (ಸಂಕು):—[noun] a wedge-like weapon.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Tamil dictionary
Śaṅku (ஶங்கு) noun < śaṅku. Spike, stake, pole, peg. See சங்கு⁵ [sangu⁵], 1.
Tamil is an ancient language of India from the Dravidian family spoken by roughly 250 million people mainly in southern India and Sri Lanka.
Nepali dictionary
Śaṃku (शंकु):—n. cone;
Śaṅku (शङ्कु):—n. 1. anything pointed; stake; spike; spear; needle; gnomon of a sundial; indicator; 2. a low dias or raised area of ground;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
Chinese-English dictionary
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
山谷 [shān gǔ] [shan gu]—
The low-lying area between two mountains, or a stream valley in the mountains. Northern Wei Dynasty, Chen Lin (陳琳 [chen lin]), "Sightseeing" (遊覽 [you lan]) poem two, number one: "The mountain valley wind whistles, the sky road is darkly shaded." (蕭蕭風 [xiao xiao feng]，黯黯天路陰 [an an tian lu yin]。) "Stories to Caution the World, Volume 21, Qian Poliu's Rise in Lin'an Village" (《喻世明言 [yu shi ming yan]．卷二一 [juan er yi]．臨安里錢婆留發跡 [lin an li qian po liu fa ji]》): "The remaining soldiers scattered throughout the mountain valleys, waving flags and shouting to boost their military strength." (餘兵散布 [yu bing san bu]，揚旗吶喊 [yang qi na han]，以助兵勢 [yi zhu bing shi]。)
山谷：兩山之間低下的地方，或山中的溪谷。北魏．陳琳〈遊覽〉詩二首之一：「蕭蕭山谷風，黯黯天路陰。」《喻世明言．卷二一．臨安里錢婆留發跡》：「餘兵散布山谷，揚旗吶喊，以助兵勢。」
shān gǔ: liǎng shān zhī jiān dī xià de de fāng, huò shān zhōng de xī gǔ. běi wèi． chén lín 〈yóu lǎn〉 shī èr shǒu zhī yī: “xiāo xiāo shān gǔ fēng, àn àn tiān lù yīn.” < yù shì míng yán． juǎn èr yī． lín ān lǐ qián pó liú fā jī>: “yú bīng sàn bù shān gǔ, yáng qí nà hǎn, yǐ zhù bīng shì.”
shan gu: liang shan zhi jian di xia de de fang, huo shan zhong de xi gu. bei wei. chen lin
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
三窟 [sān kū] [san ku]—
Three burrows. A metaphor for the meticulousness of plans to avoid disaster. Strategies of the Warring States, Qi Strategies IV: "A cunning rabbit has three burrows (狡兔有 [jiao tu you]), only then can it barely escape death. Now you, sir, have only one burrow, and you cannot yet sleep soundly."
三窟：三個洞穴。比喻避禍計慮的周密。《戰國策．齊策四》：「狡兔有三窟，僅得免其死耳。今君有一窟，未得高枕而臥也。」
sān kū: sān gè dòng xué. bǐ yù bì huò jì lǜ de zhōu mì. < zhàn guó cè． qí cè sì>: “jiǎo tù yǒu sān kū, jǐn dé miǎn qí sǐ ěr. jīn jūn yǒu yī kū, wèi dé gāo zhěn ér wò yě.”
san ku: san ge dong xue. bi yu bi huo ji lu de zhou mi. < zhan guo ce. qi ce si>: "jiao tu you san ku, jin de mian qi si er. jin jun you yi ku, wei de gao zhen er wo ye."
1) 山谷 [shān gǔ] refers to: “mountain valley”.
山谷 is further associated with the following language/terms:
[Tibetan] ri khrod.
[Vietnamese] sơn cốc.
[Korean] 산곡 / sangok.
[Japanese] サンコク / sankoku.
2) 三苦 [sān kǔ] refers to: “three kinds of suffering”.
三苦 is further associated with the following language/terms:
[Sanskrit] duḥkha-traya; tri-duḥkhatā.
[Tibetan] sdug bsngal gsum.
[Vietnamese] tam khổ.
[Korean] 삼고 / samgo.
[Japanese] サンク / sanku.
Chinese language.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Gu, Shan, Ku, Jue, Can.
Starts with (+18): Sankucchaya, Sankuci, Sankupatha, Shamkusthapane, Shanku poolu, Shanku-paal, Shankubaitiza, Shankuchaya, Shankudhana, Shankujiva, Shankuka, Shankukarna, Shankukarnamukha, Shankukarneshvara, Shankukarni, Shankukarnin, Shankukavi, Shankukavidya, Shankulakshana, Shankumat.
Full-text (+408): Shankukarna, Trishanku, Lohashanku, Garbhashanku, Shankuphala, Mahashanku, Konashanku, Ayahshanku, Shankuvriksha, Sankupatha, Shankumukha, Shankutaru, Ashvashanku, Dantashanku, Lauhashanku, Shankukarneshvara, Shankuyantra, Dehashanku, Sankucchaya, Shankupuccha.
Relevant text
Search found 100 books and stories containing Shanku, Saṃku, Śaṃku, Samku, Sān kǔ, San ku, Sān kū, Saṅku, Śaṅku, Śanku, Sanku, Sāṅkū, Śaṅkū, Sānkǔ, Sānkū, Shamku, Shān gǔ, Shan gu, Shangu, Shāngǔ, Shānyù, Shanyu, 三窟, 三苦, 山谷; (plurals include: Shankus, Saṃkus, Śaṃkus, Samkus, Sān kǔs, San kus, Sān kūs, Saṅkus, Śaṅkus, Śankus, Sankus, Sāṅkūs, Śaṅkūs, Sānkǔs, Sānkūs, Shamkus, Shān gǔs, Shan gus, Shangus, Shāngǔs, Shānyùs, Shanyus). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 5.8.42 < [Chapter 8 - The Killing of Kaṃsa]
Verses 5.8.36-37 < [Chapter 8 - The Killing of Kaṃsa]
Verse 8.13.74 < [Chapter 13 - A Thousand Names of Lord Balarāma]
Taisho: Chinese Buddhist Canon
Sutta 47: The Monkey King and the Trapped Man < [Part 152 - Discourse of the Collection of the Six Perfections]
Chapter 67: Heading to the Bodhi Tree < [Part 190 - The Abhinishkramana-sutra]
Sutta 2: The Story of King Nanda and the Yaksha Pishaca < [Part 125 - Ekottara-Agama (Numbered Discourses)]
Ramayana of Valmiki (Shastri) (by Hari Prasad Shastri)
Chapter 28 - Shuka in his turn enumerates the Enemy < [Book 6 - Yuddha-kanda]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 495 < [Gujarati-Hindi-English, Volume 3]
Page 111 < [English-Gujarati-Hindi (1 volume)]
Page 27 < [Hindi-Malayalam-English Volume 2]
The backdrop of the Srikanthacarita and the Mankhakosa (by Dhrubajit Sarma)
Part 7 - Comparison [of the Maṅkhakośa] with other koṣas < [Chapter V - The Maṅkhakośa]
Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 188 - The Groups of Mothers Cursed < [Section 1 - Tīrtha-māhātmya]
Chapter 142 - Greatness of the Trio of Gaṇapatis < [Section 1 - Tīrtha-māhātmya]
Chapter 22 - The Origin of Viśalyā < [Section 3 - Revā-khaṇḍa]