Shami, Sami, Sāmī, Sāmi, Śamī, Śami, Samī: 31 definitions
Introduction:
Shami means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi, biology, Tamil. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit terms Śamī and Śami can be transliterated into English as Sami or Shami, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: archive.org: The mirror of gesture (abhinaya-darpana)One of the Hands indicating Trees.—Śamī, the Kartarī hands interlocked,
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Ayurveda (science of life)
Rasashastra (Alchemy and Herbo-Mineral preparations)
Source: Wisdom Library: Rasa-śāstraŚamī (शमी):—One of the sixty-seven Mahauṣadhi, as per Rasaśāstra texts (rasa literature). These drugs are useful for processing mercury (rasa), such as the alchemical processes known as sūta-bandhana and māraṇa.
Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)
Source: Wisdom Library: Raj NighantuŚamī (शमी) is the name of a tree (Khejaḍa) that is associated with the Nakṣatra (celestial star) named Dhaniṣṭhā, according to the second chapter (dharaṇyādi-varga) of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu (an Ayurvedic encyclopedia). Accordingly, “these [trees] are propounded in Śāstras, the secret scriptures (śāstrāgama). These pious trees [viz, Śamī], if grown and protected, promote long life”. These twenty-seven trees related to the twenty-seven Nakṣatras are supposed to be Deva-vṛkṣas or Nakṣatra-vṛkṣas.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-śāstraŚamī (शमी) is a Sanskrit word, identified with Acacia spigera by various scholars in their translation of the Śukranīti. This tree is mentioned as having thorns, and should therefore be considered as wild. The King shoud place such trees in forests (not in or near villages). He should nourish them by stoole of goats, sheep and cows, water as well as meat.
The following is an ancient Indian horticultural recipe for the nourishment of such trees:
According to Śukranīti 4.4.110-112: “The powder of the dungs of goats and sheep, the powder of Yava (barley), Tila (seeds), beef as well as water should be kept together (undisturbed) for seven nights. The application of this water leads very much to the growth in flowers and fruits of all trees (such as śamī).”
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaŚamī (शमी).—A king, son of Uśīnara. (Bhāgavata, 9th Skandha).
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationŚamī (शमी) is the name of a plant which is used in the worship of Śiva, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.1.14:—“[...] with Śamī leaves he will secure salvation (mukti). With Mallikā flowers he will secure an auspicious woman (śubhatara-strī)”.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1a) Śami (शमि).—A son of Uśīnara.*
- * Bhāgavata-purāṇa IX. 23. 3.
1b) A son of Śoṇāśva (Śūra, Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa) and father of Pratikṣatra.*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 44. 79-80; Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 71. 138.
1c) A son of the daughter of the Kāśi king and Satyaka.*
- * Vāyu-purāṇa 96. 115.
1d) A name of Vāsudeva.*
- * Vāyu-purāṇa 96. 172.
2) Śamī (शमी).—A son of Śūra, and father of Pratikṣatra.*
- * Vāyu-purāṇa 96. 137; Viṣṇu-purāṇa IV. 14. 23.
3) Samī (समी).—The principal tree of the Kali age.*
- * Viṣṇu-purāṇa VI. 1. 53.
Śamī (शमी) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. IV.5.12) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Śamī) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
Śamī is also mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. VIII.30.24) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Google Books: Studies in the History of the Exact Sciences (Astronomy)Śamī (शमी) refers to one of the items offered to the nine planets (navagraha), according to the grahaśānti (cf. grahayajña) section of the Yājñavalkyasmṛti (1.295-309), preceded by the section called vināyakakalpa (1.271-294), prescribing a rite to be offered to Vināyaka.—[verse 302-303: Faggots to be burned]—These two verses prescribe different faggots to be burned for grahas with offerings of honey, ghee, dadhi, and milk. It is interesting to note that some of the faggots (i.e. parāśa, khadira, pippala, and śamī) mentioned here are also used in the Suśrutasaṃhitā in the context (Uttaratantra chapters 27-37) of curing the diseases caused by grahas, which, in this case, are not planetary. [verse 304-305: Cooked rice (odana) to be offered to grahas]
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (shaktism)Śamī (शमी) is the name of a tree to be worshiped as part of the Navarātra Tantric ritual (an autumnal festival of the warrior goddess Caṇḍikā).—On Vijayadaśamī: worship of a śamī tree according to a tradition attributed to the Gopathabrāhmaṇa; king given weapons including five arrows by the priest; king goes to the śamī in pomp with his army; shooting of arrows in every direction to destroy enemies; evening court assembly at the āsthānamaṇḍapa.—Various 14th century sources refer to rituals involving the worship of a śamī tree, for example: Caturvargacintāmaṇi, Sāmrājyalakṣmīpīṭhikā, Puruṣārthacintāmaṇi, accounts of ceremonies in Śivagaṅgai and Ramnad, Tamil Nadu (Price 1996), Portuguese traveler accounts from the Vijayanagara Empire (Stein 1983).
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Source: Wisdom Library: HinduismŚamī (शमी)—Sanskrit word for a plant (Prosopis spicigera).
Source: archive.org: Vedic index of Names and SubjectsŚamī (शमी) is the name of a tree in the Atharvaveda and later. It is described in the Atharvaveda as destructive to the hair, as producing intoxication, and as broad-leaved. These characteristics are totally wanting in the two trees, Prosopis spicigera or Mimosa suma, with which the Śamī is usually identified.
In Buddhism
Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Dhamma Dana: Pali English GlossaryF (Proprietor, owner).
Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan BuddhismSami (समि) is the name of a Tathāgata (Buddha) mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa: one of the largest Kriyā Tantras devoted to Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śākyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Sami).
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Wisdom Library: Local Names of Plants and DrugsShami in the Hindi language is the name of a plant identified with Valeriana hardwickei Wall. from the Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle) family having the following synonyms: Valeriana hardwickeana, Valeriana hardwickii, Valeriana elata. For the possible medicinal usage of shami, you can check this page for potential sources and references, although be aware that any some or none of the side-effects may not be mentioned here, wether they be harmful or beneficial to health.
Shami [ಶಮಿ] in the Kannada language is the name of a plant identified with Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce from the Mimosaceae (Touch-me-not) family having the following synonyms: Mimosa cineraria, Prosopis spicata, Prosopis spicigera.
Shami in the Oriya language, ibid. previous identification.
Shami [शमी] in the Hindi language is the name of a plant identified with Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. from the Mimosaceae (Touch-me-not) family having the following synonyms: Cailliea glomerata, Dichrostachys glomerata, Mimosa cinerea.
Shami [ಶಮಿ] in the Kannada language, ibid. previous identification.
Shami [ಶಮಿ] in the Tulu language, ibid. previous identification.
Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)1) Shami in India is the name of a plant defined with Acacia polyacantha in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Mimosa suma Roxb. (among others).
2) Shami is also identified with Prosopis cineraria It has the synonym Adenanthera aculeata (Roxb.) W. Hunter (etc.).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Flora Indica (1832)
· Species Plantarum (1753)
· Journal of Cytology and Genetics (1989)
· Darwiniana (1940)
· Mabberley’s Plant-Book
· Hortus Bengalensis, or ‘a Catalogue of the Plants Growing in the Hounourable East India Company's Botanical Garden at Calcutta’ (1814)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Shami, for example health benefits, extract dosage, side effects, chemical composition, pregnancy safety, diet and recipes, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionarysāmī : (m.) owner; load; master; husband.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionarySāmi, J. V, 489, read sāvi. (Page 704)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryśamī (शमी).—f S A thorny tree, Mimosa suma, Rox. 2 The leaves of it brought or considered as an offering to an idol.
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śamī (शमी).—a (S) Mild, pacific, tranquil, of moderated or moderate passions.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishśamī (शमी).—f A thorny tree. Mimosa sumsa. a Mild.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryŚamī (शमी).—[śam-in vā ṅīp] (śami sometimes)
1) Name of a tree (said to contain fire); अग्निगर्भां शमीमिव (agnigarbhāṃ śamīmiva) Ś.4.3; Manusmṛti 8.247; ध्रुवं स नीलोत्पलपत्रधारया शमीलतां छेत्तुमृषिर्व्यवस्यति (dhruvaṃ sa nīlotpalapatradhārayā śamīlatāṃ chettumṛṣirvyavasyati) Ś.1.18; Y. 1.32.
2) A pod, legume.
3) A particular measure.
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Sami (समि).—2 P.
1) To come or meet together, be united or joined with.
2) To go or come to, arrive at, approach, reach, visit, attain.
3) To encounter, meet in a hostile manner.
4) To cohabit, have sexual intercourse.
5) To enter upon, commence.
6) To agree with.
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Sāmi (सामि).—ind.
1) Half i.e. unfinished; अभिवीक्ष्य सामिकृतमण्डनं यतीः कररुद्धनीविगलदंशुकाः स्त्रियः (abhivīkṣya sāmikṛtamaṇḍanaṃ yatīḥ kararuddhanīvigaladaṃśukāḥ striyaḥ) Śiśupālavadha 13.31; R.19.16.
2) Blamable, vile, contemptible.
3) Too soon, prematurely.
4) Imperfectly. [Cf. L. semi.; Gr. hemi.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryŚami (शमि).—f. (-miḥ or mī) A legume or pod. f. (-mī) 1. The Sami tree, (Acacia suma, Rox.) 2. A shrub, (Serratula anthelmintica.) E. śam to pacify, (sickness,) aff. in, ṅīṣ added.
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Sāmi (सामि).—Ind. 1. Half, unfinished. 2. Blamably. 3. Vile, despised. E. ṣām for ṣāntva to appease, ac added, i substituted for the final; or sām-in .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryŚami (शमि).—śamī, f. I. A legume or pod. Ii. mī. 1. A tree, Acacia Suma Roxb., [Pañcatantra] 94, 1; [Raghuvaṃśa, (ed. Stenzler.)] 3, 9. 2. A shrub, Serratula anthelmintica. Iii. A large stick, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 8, 237 (Sch.).
Śami can also be spelled as Śamī (शमी).
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Sāmi (सामि).—i. e. a form of the old instr. *sāmyā of sāmya (cf. ādi for ādya), adv. 1. Half. 2. Blameably.
— Cf. [Old High German.] sāmi-, [Anglo-Saxon.] sām-, e. g. in [Old High German.] sāmi-quek, [Anglo-Saxon.] sām-cuce; [Latin] semi-, .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryŚami (शमि).—1. [neuter] endeavour, effort.
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Śami (शमि).—2. [masculine] a man’s name.
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Śamī (शमी).—1. [feminine] = 1 śami.
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Śamī (शमी).—2. [feminine] [Name] of a tree.
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Sāmi (सामि).—[adverb] incompletely, prematurely, partly, half.
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Sami (समि).—fix or set up together. — Cf. vi/mita.
Sami is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms sa and mi (मि).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Śami (शमि):—[from śam] n. labour, toil, work, effort, [Ṛg-veda; Atharva-veda]
2) [v.s. ...] f. a legume, pod ([varia lectio] śimi), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
3) [v.s. ...] the Śamī tree (See below)
4) [v.s. ...] m. Name of a son of Andhaka, [Harivaṃśa]
5) [v.s. ...] of a son of Uśīnara, [Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
6) Śamī (शमी):—[from śam] f. (cf. śami) effort, labour, toil, [Ṛg-veda; Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā]
7) [v.s. ...] (śamī) the Śamī tree, Prosopis Spicigera or ([according to] to others) Mimosa Suma (possessing a very tough hard wood supposed to contain fire cf. [Manu-smṛti viii, 247; Raghuvaṃśa iii, 9]; it was employed to kindle the sacred fire, and a legend relates that Purū-ravas generated primeval fire by the friction of two branches of the Śamī and Aśvattha trees), [Atharva-veda] etc.
8) [v.s. ...] a legume, pod (cf. -jāti)
9) [v.s. ...] a [particular] measure (See catuh-ś) = valgulī or vāgnji, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
10) Samī (समी):—[from sama] in [compound] for sama.
11) Sami (समि):—[=sam-√i] [Parasmaipada] -eti, to go or come together, meet at ([accusative]) or with ([instrumental case] or [dative case]), encounter (as friends or enemies), [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc.;
—to come together in sexual union, cohabit ([accusative] or sārdham, saha), [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa];
—to come to, arrive at, approach, visit, seek, enter upon, begin, [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc.;
—to lead to ([accusative]), [Ṛg-veda iii, 54, 5];
—to consent, agree with ([instrumental case] ‘it is agreed between’, with [genitive case] of [person] and [locative case] of thing), [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa; Mahābhārata] :
—[Passive voice] -īyate, to be united or met or resorted to etc.:
—[Intensive] -īyate, to visit, frequent, [Ṛg-veda];
—to appear, be manifested, [Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
12) Sāmi (सामि):—ind. ([gana] svar-ādi) too soon, prematurely (with √muṣ, ‘to steal in anticipation’), [Maitrāyaṇī-saṃhitā; Taittirīya-saṃhitā; Brāhmaṇa]
13) incompletely, imperfectly, partially, half (often in [compound] with a [past participle] [Pāṇini 2-1, 27]), jb. etc. etc.
14) cf. [Greek] ἡμι-, ἥμισυς, [Latin] sēmi, sēmis.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Śami (शमि):—[(miḥ-mī)] 2. 3. f. A legume or pod. f. (ī) A mimosa tree.
2) Sāmi (सामि):—adv. Half; blameably.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Śamī (शमी) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Chamī, Sami, Samī.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary1) Sāṃī (सांई):—(nm) God, Lord; master; husband; a title used for Mohammedan faqirs.
2) Sāmī (सामी):—(a) semitic; —[bhāṣā] semitic language.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary1) Sami (समि) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Śami.
2) Sami (समि) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Śamin.
2) Sami has the following synonyms: Samia.
3) Samī (समी) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Śamī.
4) Sāmi (सामि) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Svāmin.
Sāmi has the following synonyms: Sāmia.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusŚami (ಶಮಿ):—
1) [noun] the acacia tree Acacia suma of Mimosae family.
2) [noun] the tree Hopea parviflora of Dipterocarpaceae family.
3) [noun] the tree Prosopis cineraria ( = P. spicigera) of Mimosaceae family.
4) [noun] the shrub Serratula anthelmintica.
5) [noun] the dry outer covering of various seeds; husk.
6) [noun] an unripe fruit.
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Śami (ಶಮಿ):—[adjective] calm; quiet; serene; peaceful; tranquil.
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Śami (ಶಮಿ):—[noun] a man of quiet, peaceful nature.
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Sāmi (ಸಾಮಿ):—
1) [noun] a master; a lord; an employer.
2) [noun] a king; a ruler.
3) [noun] a man appointed to a position or office of authority in government, business, institution, etc.; an officer.
4) [noun] a man as he is related to his wife; a husband.
5) [noun] the Supreme Being.
6) [noun] a suffix added to the names of men as a mark of respect.
7) [noun] a respectful mode of addressing eleders, gods, officers, etc.
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Sāmi (ಸಾಮಿ):—[noun] a kind of tree.
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Sāmi (ಸಾಮಿ):—
1) [noun] one of the two equal parts of a whole; a half-portion.
2) [noun] blame; accusation.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Mi, Sha, Sam, I, Ca.
Starts with (+48): Samil, Samila, Samilata, Samin, Samira, Samita, Samitar, Samitavin, Shamidhanya, Shamidhanyavarga, Shamidrishada, Shamidruma, Shamieula, Shamigarbha, Shamijata, Shamijati, Shamika, Shamikarshi, Shamikuna, Shamil.
Ends with (+12): Alpashami, Apareshukamashami, Ashadashami, Ashadhadashami, Beshami, Bhushami, Catuhshami, Dashami, Dra shami, Dura shami, Durahshami, Dvihshami, Hatab-shami, Ishukamashami, Jambhali-dashami, Kahruba-i-shami, Khupasadashami, Kshami, Laghushami, Mahasami.
Full-text (+289): Samia, Shamiroha, Samira, Shamigarbha, Samikrita, Samibhukta, Shamidhanya, Samipita, Shamishthala, Kacaripuphala, Shamikuna, Prashami, Samibhuta, Samikriya, Samikarana, Catuhshami, Shamiparna, Havirgandha, Shivaphala, Kananari.
Relevant text
Search found 86 books and stories containing Shami, Sami, Sāmī, Sāmi, Śamī, Śami, Samī, Sa-mi, Sam-i, Sāṃī; (plurals include: Shamis, Samis, Sāmīs, Sāmis, Śamīs, Śamis, Samīs, mis, is, Sāṃīs). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
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