Seng can, Sēng cán, Sēng càn: 6 definitions
Introduction:
Seng can means something in Buddhism, Pali. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Buddhism
Chinese Buddhism
僧殘 [seng can]—saṅghāvaśeṣa; Pali, saṅghādiśeṣa. A sin of an ordained person, requiring open confession before the assembly for absolution, or riddance 殘 [can]; failing confession, dismissal from the order. Thirteen of these sins are of sexual thoughts, or their verbal expression, also greed, even for the sake of the order, etc.
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
僧殘 [seng can]—Sengcan — [Technical Term] The name of a category of offenses in the Vinaya (律 [lu]) (monastic rules). Its Sanskrit name is Saṃghāvaśeṣa (僧伽婆尸沙 [seng jia po shi sha]), and its Pali name is Saṃghādisesa. It is translated as "Saṅgha's First Remainder" (僧初殘 [seng chu can]) or "Saṅgha's Remainder". This offense is a serious offense (重罪 [zhong zui]), second only to Pārājika (波羅夷 [bo luo yi]). If one commits it, one must perform a repentance ritual (懺悔法 [chan hui fa]) in reliance on the Saṅgha (僧眾 [seng zhong]). If one does not, it is considered the same as committing a Pārājika offense. In terms of a bhikkhu's (比丘 [bi qiu]) qualification (資格 [zi ge]), it incurs a fatal blow (入死地 [ru si de]).
Those who explain this term, as cited in the Xingshichao (行事鈔 [xing shi chao]) (A Compendium of Vinaya Acts), present four explanations from the Samantapāsādikā (善見論 [shan jian lun]), Vibhāṣā-śāstra (婆沙論 [po sha lun]), Dharmaguptaka Vinaya (四分律 [si fen lu]), and Vinaya-mātṛkā (毗尼母論 [pi ni mu lun]).
1. The Samantapāsādikā states that saṅgha (僧伽 [seng jia]) means Saṅgha; bhā (婆 [po]) is translated as "first," and śeṣa (尸沙 [shi sha]) is translated as "remainder." If a bhikkhu commits this offense, the Saṅgha gathers and first performs the ritual act called the "act of covering/concealment" (覆藏羯磨 [fu cang jie mo]), which is referred to as "first." Finally, they perform the ritual act called the "act of expelling/clearing the offense" (出罪羯磨 [chu zui jie mo]), which is referred to as "remainder." The Saṅgha removes the offense by means of these two methods, "first" and "remainder," hence it is called "Saṅgha's First Remainder" (僧初殘 [seng chu can]). All three characters (僧初殘 [seng chu can]) are used to name the remedial method (對治之法 [dui zhi zhi fa]).
2. The Vibhāṣā-śāstra states that the character cán (殘字 [can zi]) (remainder) names the offense. Although the evil deed committed has passed, the offense still lingers (殘留 [can liu]) in the body and does not disappear. Now, the Saṅgha's disciplinary procedures are still carried out to remove all remaining offenses, hence it is called "Saṅgha's Remainder".
3. The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya presents two meanings: The first meaning is the same as that of the Vibhāṣā-śāstra. The second meaning refers to the obligation (義務 [yi wu]) of the Saṅgha; for the bhikkhu who has committed the offense, there is a remaining disciplinary act (行法 [xing fa]) that can be performed, hence it is called "Saṅgha's Remainder".
4. The Vinaya-mātṛkā states: "Just as a person who has been hacked (所斫 [suo zhuo]) by another still has a throat (咽喉 [yan hou]) remaining, so it is called 'remainder'; it is reasonable to save them quickly." The term cán (殘 [can]) is used for naming, meaning that Pārājika offenses are those where death is already determined (i.e., irreversible), but this offense is for one who still has a remaining life (殘命 [can ming]). Therefore, the Saṅgha should quickly perform the ritual act to save their remaining life.
There are thirteen such precepts (戒項目 [jie xiang mu]), hence they have traditionally been called the "Thirteen Saṅghāvaśeṣa Offenses" (十三 [shi san]). (Vibhāṣā-śāstra)
僧殘—【術語】律中罪科之名。梵名僧伽婆尸沙 Saṁghāvaśeṣa，巴 Saṁghādisesa，譯曰僧初殘，僧殘。此罪為次於波羅夷之重罪。犯之，則必依僧眾而行懺悔法，若不行之，則與犯波羅夷罪同。於比丘之資格，入死地者也。解此名者，如行事鈔中一引善見論，婆沙論，四分律，毗尼母論之四說。一、善見論謂僧伽即僧，婆譯言初，尸沙譯言殘，若有比丘犯此罪，則眾僧集而先行所謂覆藏羯磨之作法，謂之初。終行所謂出罪羯磨之作法，謂之殘。僧依初殘之二法除其罪，故謂之僧初殘。三字皆以名對治之法也。二、婆沙論謂殘字以罪名，所犯之惡事，雖既過去，然罪猶殘留於此身而不消滅。今仍行僧眾法，除彼所有之殘罪，故謂之僧殘。三、四分律謂有二義：前義與婆沙同，後義為眾僧之義務，對於彼犯罪之比丘，有可行之行法殘留，故名僧殘。四、毘尼母論謂：「如人為他所斫，殘有咽喉，故名為殘，理須早救。」殘以命名，言波羅夷者為死已決定之罪，而此罪為尚有殘命者，故僧眾宜速行作法，救彼之殘命也。比戒項目有十三，故古來稱為十三僧殘。(婆沙)
[shù yǔ] lǜ zhōng zuì kē zhī míng. fàn míng sēng jiā pó shī shā Saṁghāvaśeṣa, bā Saṁghādisesa, yì yuē sēng chū cán, sēng cán. cǐ zuì wèi cì yú bō luó yí zhī zhòng zuì. fàn zhī, zé bì yī sēng zhòng ér xíng chàn huǐ fǎ, ruò bù xíng zhī, zé yǔ fàn bō luó yí zuì tóng. yú bǐ qiū zhī zī gé, rù sǐ de zhě yě. jiě cǐ míng zhě, rú xíng shì chāo zhōng yī yǐn shàn jiàn lùn, pó shā lùn, sì fēn lǜ, pí ní mǔ lùn zhī sì shuō. yī,, shàn jiàn lùn wèi sēng jiā jí sēng, pó yì yán chū, shī shā yì yán cán, ruò yǒu bǐ qiū fàn cǐ zuì, zé zhòng sēng jí ér xiān xíng suǒ wèi fù cáng jié mó zhī zuò fǎ, wèi zhī chū. zhōng xíng suǒ wèi chū zuì jié mó zhī zuò fǎ, wèi zhī cán. sēng yī chū cán zhī èr fǎ chú qí zuì, gù wèi zhī sēng chū cán. sān zì jiē yǐ míng duì zhì zhī fǎ yě. èr,, pó shā lùn wèi cán zì yǐ zuì míng, suǒ fàn zhī è shì, suī jì guò qù, rán zuì yóu cán liú yú cǐ shēn ér bù xiāo miè. jīn réng xíng sēng zhòng fǎ, chú bǐ suǒ yǒu zhī cán zuì, gù wèi zhī sēng cán. sān,, sì fēn lǜ wèi yǒu èr yì: qián yì yǔ pó shā tóng, hòu yì wèi zhòng sēng zhī yì wù, duì yú bǐ fàn zuì zhī bǐ qiū, yǒu kě xíng zhī xíng fǎ cán liú, gù míng sēng cán. sì,, pí ní mǔ lùn wèi: “rú rén wèi tā suǒ zhuó, cán yǒu yàn hóu, gù míng wèi cán, lǐ xū zǎo jiù.” cán yǐ mìng míng, yán bō luó yí zhě wèi sǐ yǐ jué dìng zhī zuì, ér cǐ zuì wèi shàng yǒu cán mìng zhě, gù sēng zhòng yí sù xíng zuò fǎ, jiù bǐ zhī cán mìng yě. bǐ jiè xiàng mù yǒu shí sān, gù gǔ lái chēng wèi shí sān sēng cán.(pó shā)
[shu yu] lu zhong zui ke zhi ming. fan ming seng jia po shi sha Samghavasesa, ba Samghadisesa, yi yue seng chu can, seng can. ci zui wei ci yu bo luo yi zhi zhong zui. fan zhi, ze bi yi seng zhong er xing chan hui fa, ruo bu xing zhi, ze yu fan bo luo yi zui tong. yu bi qiu zhi zi ge, ru si de zhe ye. jie ci ming zhe, ru xing shi chao zhong yi yin shan jian lun, po sha lun, si fen lu, pi ni mu lun zhi si shuo. yi,, shan jian lun wei seng jia ji seng, po yi yan chu, shi sha yi yan can, ruo you bi qiu fan ci zui, ze zhong seng ji er xian xing suo wei fu cang jie mo zhi zuo fa, wei zhi chu. zhong xing suo wei chu zui jie mo zhi zuo fa, wei zhi can. seng yi chu can zhi er fa chu qi zui, gu wei zhi seng chu can. san zi jie yi ming dui zhi zhi fa ye. er,, po sha lun wei can zi yi zui ming, suo fan zhi e shi, sui ji guo qu, ran zui you can liu yu ci shen er bu xiao mie. jin reng xing seng zhong fa, chu bi suo you zhi can zui, gu wei zhi seng can. san,, si fen lu wei you er yi: qian yi yu po sha tong, hou yi wei zhong seng zhi yi wu, dui yu bi fan zui zhi bi qiu, you ke xing zhi xing fa can liu, gu ming seng can. si,, pi ni mu lun wei: "ru ren wei ta suo zhuo, can you yan hou, gu ming wei can, li xu zao jiu." can yi ming ming, yan bo luo yi zhe wei si yi jue ding zhi zui, er ci zui wei shang you can ming zhe, gu seng zhong yi su xing zuo fa, jiu bi zhi can ming ye. bi jie xiang mu you shi san, gu gu lai cheng wei shi san seng can.(po sha)
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
僧璨 [seng can]—Sengcan – [Personal Name] The third of the Six Patriarchs of Chan (禅宗 [chan zong]) in China (東土六祖 [dong tu liu zu]). He received the Dharma transmission from Chan Master Huike (慧可禅师 [hui ke chan shi]) and lived in seclusion on Wan'gong Mountain (皖公山 [wan gong shan]) in Shuzhou (舒州 [shu zhou]). Later, when Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou (周武 [zhou wu]) suppressed and destroyed Buddhism, he traveled between Sikong Mountain (司空山 [si kong shan]) in Taihu County (太湖县 [tai hu xian]). In the 12th year of the Kaihuang (開皇 [kai huang]) reign of the Sui Dynasty (隋 [sui]), he transmitted the Dharma to Shami (沙弥 [sha mi]) Daoxin (道信 [dao xin]). He passed away in the 2nd year of the Daye (大業 [da ye]) reign of Emperor Yang (煬帝 [yang di]). Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (唐玄宗 [tang xuan zong]) posthumously honored him with the title Chan Master Jianzhi (鑑智禪師 [jian zhi chan shi]). See Chuan Deng Lu (傳燈錄 [chuan deng lu]), Volume 3.
僧璨—【人名】禪宗東土六祖之第三。得法於慧可禪師，隱於舒州皖公山。後遇周武破滅佛法，往來太湖縣司空山。隋開皇十二年得沙彌道信付法。煬帝大業二年寂。唐玄宗謚為鑑智禪師。見傳燈錄三。
[rén míng] chán zōng dōng tǔ liù zǔ zhī dì sān. dé fǎ yú huì kě chán shī, yǐn yú shū zhōu wǎn gōng shān. hòu yù zhōu wǔ pò miè fú fǎ, wǎng lái tài hú xiàn sī kōng shān. suí kāi huáng shí èr nián dé shā mí dào xìn fù fǎ. yáng dì dà yè èr nián jì. táng xuán zōng shì wèi jiàn zhì chán shī. jiàn chuán dēng lù sān.
[ren ming] chan zong dong tu liu zu zhi di san. de fa yu hui ke chan shi, yin yu shu zhou wan gong shan. hou yu zhou wu po mie fu fa, wang lai tai hu xian si kong shan. sui kai huang shi er nian de sha mi dao xin fu fa. yang di da ye er nian ji. tang xuan zong shi wei jian zhi chan shi. jian chuan deng lu san.
1) 僧璨 ts = sēng càn p refers to [proper noun] “Venerable Seng Can”; Domain: Buddhism 佛教 [fu jiao] , Subdomain: Chan School , Concept: Monastic 师父 [shi fu]; Notes: The Third Patriarch of the Chan School (Wikipedia '僧璨 [seng can]') .
2) 僧殘 t = 僧残 s = sēng cán p refers to [phrase] “the sin of a monastic”; Domain: Buddhism 佛教 [fu jiao]; Notes: Sanskrit equivalent: saṅghāvaśeṣa, Pali: saṅghādiśeṣa, Japanese: sōzanzai; sōzanhō; the second most serious category of offenses, requiring confession before the order but not expulsion (BL 'saṅghāvaśeṣa'; Ding '僧殘 [seng can]'; FGDB '僧殘 [seng can]'; SH '僧殘 [seng can]', p. 421) ..
Chinese Buddhism (漢傳佛教, hanchuan fojiao) is the form of Buddhism that developed in China, blending Mahayana teachings with Daoist and Confucian thought. Its texts are mainly in Classical Chinese, based on translations from Sanskrit. Major schools include Chan (Zen), Pure Land, Tiantai, and Huayan. Chinese Buddhism has greatly influenced East Asian religion and culture.
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[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
僧殘 [sēng cán] [seng can]—
Saṃghāvaśeṣa (/Sēngcán) is a combined transliteration and translation of the Sanskrit term. It is a category of offenses in Buddhist monastic discipline, second only to expulsion from the Sangha (僧團 [seng tuan]/Sēngtuán). One who commits this offense must confess before the monastic community (僧眾 [seng zhong]/Sēngzhòng) in order to be absolved of the sin. The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya (《四分律 [si fen lu]》/《Sìfēnlǜ》), Scroll 33, states: "Furthermore, if a disciple commits a Saṃghāvaśeṣa offense, the preceptor (和尚 [he shang]/Héshàng) should handle it according to the Dharma."
僧殘：梵語 Saṃghāvaśeṣa 的音意合譯。佛教戒律中罪科名，是僅次於被擯除僧團的罪。犯者須於僧眾中懺悔，才能除罪。《四分律》卷三三：「復次，弟子若犯僧殘，和尚當如法料理。」
sēng cán: fàn yǔ Saṃghāvaśeṣa de yīn yì hé yì. fú jiào jiè lǜ zhōng zuì kē míng, shì jǐn cì yú bèi bìn chú sēng tuán de zuì. fàn zhě xū yú sēng zhòng zhōng chàn huǐ, cái néng chú zuì. < sì fēn lǜ> juǎn sān sān: “fù cì, dì zi ruò fàn sēng cán, hé shàng dāng rú fǎ liào lǐ.”
seng can: fan yu Samghavasesa de yin yi he yi. fu jiao jie lu zhong zui ke ming, shi jin ci yu bei bin chu seng tuan de zui. fan zhe xu yu seng zhong zhong chan hui, cai neng chu zui. < si fen lu> juan san san: "fu ci, di zi ruo fan seng can, he shang dang ru fa liao li."
1) 僧璨 [sēng càn] refers to: “Sengcan” [Chinese personal name].
僧璨 is further associated with the following language/terms:
[Vietnamese] tăng xán.
[Korean] 승찬 / Seungchan.
[Japanese] ソウサン / Sōsan.
2) 僧殘 [sēng cán] refers to: “crimes for which one may not necessarily be excommunicated”.
僧殘 is further associated with the following language/terms:
[Related Chinese terms] 僧伽婆尸沙; 僧殘法.
[Sanskrit] saṃghātiśeṣa.
[Pali] saṅghādiśeṣa.
[Tibetan] dge slong gi spang bya lhag ma.
[Vietnamese] tăng tàn.
[Korean] 승잔 / seungjan.
[Japanese] ソウザン / sōzan.
Chinese language.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Seng can da shi, Seng can fa.
Full-text (+25): Seng jia po shi sha, Seng can da shi, Shi san seng can, Seng can fa, Shi san seng can fa, Xin xin ming, Shi san seng can jie, Liu zu, Chan zong, dge slong gi spang bya lhag ma, Thap tam tang tan, Thap tam tang tan phap, Wu bai jie, Dao xin, Chan zong san zu, Samghavashesha, Ba duan, San guo lun shi, Qi zu, Er bai wu shi jie.
Relevant text
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