Sankrama, Saṅkrama, Saṃkrama, Saṃkrāma, Samkrama: 20 definitions
Introduction:
Sankrama means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Source: Google Books: Manusmṛti with the ManubhāṣyaSaṅkrama (सङ्क्रम):—Bridge built of wood and other materials for crossing over water, which is commonly known as ‘Sāṅkham’, according to the Vivādaratnākara (p. 363). (Also see the Manubhāṣya, verse 9.285)
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Source: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar1) Saṃkrama (संक्रम).—Joining with a subsequent word after omitting a word or two occurring between; cf, गलत्पदमतिक्रम्य अगलता सह संधानं संक्रमः (galatpadamatikramya agalatā saha saṃdhānaṃ saṃkramaḥ); e. g. शूद्रे अर्ये (śūdre arye) for शूर्द्रे यदर्ये (śūrdre yadarye) where यत् (yat) is passed over in the krama and other recitals; cf V. Pr. IV. 77, 165, 194;
2) Saṃkrama.—A term used in ancient grammars for such affixes and others which do not allow the substitution of guna or vrddhi for the preceding vowel; the term is also used for the letters क्, ग् (k, g) and ङ् (ṅ) when they are mute, serving only the purpose of preventing guna or vrddhi; cf. मृजेर-जादौ संक्रमे विभाषा वृद्धिमारभन्ते (mṛjera-jādau saṃkrame vibhāṣā vṛddhimārabhante) M. Bh. on P. I.1.3. Vart. 10.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia1) Saṃkrama (संक्रम).—(SAṄKRAMA) One of the three attendants given to Subrahmaṇya by Viṣṇu, the other two being Cakra and Vikrama. (Śalya Parva, Chapter 45, Verse 37).
2) Saṃkrama (संक्रम).—One of the followers given to Skanda by Mahāviṣṇu. (Mahābhārata, Śānti Parva, Chapter 44, Verse 23).
Source: JatLand: List of Mahabharata people and placesSaṃkrama (संक्रम) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. IX.44.33) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Saṃkrama) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Kavya (poetry)
Source: Wisdom Library: KathāsaritsāgaraSaṅkrama (सङ्क्रम) is the name of a Vidyādhara who fought on Śrutaśarman’s side in the war against Sūryaprabha, according to the Kathāsaritsāgara, chapter 48. Accordingly: “... when Śrutaśarman saw that, he quickly sent other ten lords of the Vidyādharas, chiefs of lords of hosts or lords of hosts of warriors,... and Saṅkrama [and seven others], the eight similar sons of the Vasus born in the house of Makaranda”.
The story of Saṅkrama was narrated by the Vidyādhara king Vajraprabha to prince Naravāhanadatta in order to relate how “Sūryaprabha, being a man, obtain of old time the sovereignty over the Vidyādharas”.
The Kathāsaritsāgara (‘ocean of streams of story’), mentioning Saṅkrama, is a famous Sanskrit epic story revolving around prince Naravāhanadatta and his quest to become the emperor of the vidyādharas (celestial beings). The work is said to have been an adaptation of Guṇāḍhya’s Bṛhatkathā consisting of 100,000 verses, which in turn is part of a larger work containing 700,000 verses.
Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.
Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)
Source: archive.org: Hindu MathematicsSaṅkrama (सङ्क्रम) [or saṅkrāma] is another name for Saṅkramaṇa (“concurrence”), according to the principles of Bījagaṇita (“algebra” or ‘science of calculation’), according to Gaṇita-śāstra, ancient Indian mathematics and astronomy.—One topic commonly discussed by almost all Hindu writers goes by the special name of saṅkramaṇa (concurrence). According to Narayana (1350), it is also called saṅkrama and saṅkrāma. Brahmagupta (628) includes it in algebra while others consider it as falling within the scope of arithmetic. As explained by the commentator Gaṅgādhara (1420), the subject of discussion here is “the investigation of two quantities concurrent or grown together in the form of their sum and difference”.
Ganitashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, gaṇitaśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science of mathematics, algebra, number theory, arithmetic, etc. Closely allied with astronomy, both were commonly taught and studied in universities, even since the 1st millennium BCE. Ganita-shastra also includes ritualistic math-books such as the Shulba-sutras.
Yoga (school of philosophy)
Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason BirchSaṅkrama (सङ्क्रम) refers to “transition (to the no-mind state)”, according to the Amanaska Yoga treatise dealing with meditation, absorption, yogic powers and liberation.—Accordingly, as Īśvara says to Vāmadeva: “[...] There is no transition (saṅkrama) to the no-mind state because of piercing [Cakras, knots, etc.] with lower and upper Kuṇḍalinī. Simply by [constant] immersion [of the mind in the internal gaze of Śāmbhavī Mudrā], this yoga bestows the supernatural powers. [...]”.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarysaṅkrama (संक्रम).—m S saṅkramaṇa n S Passing or going on, proceeding, journeying, traveling. 2 By eminence. Passage or transit (of the sun or a planet) through the zodiac.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishsaṅkrama (संक्रम).—m saṅkramaṇa n Passing on; proceed- ing, journeying; transition. Passage or transit (of the sun or a planet) through the zodiac. saṅkramaṇakāḷa Transi- tional period. saṅkramaṇāvasthā Transitional stage.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionarySaṃkrama (संक्रम).—
1) Concurrence, going together.
2) Transition, traversing, transfer, progress.
3) The passage of a planetary body through the zodiacal signs; दिनक्षये व्यतीपाते संक्रमेऽर्कदिनेऽपि वा (dinakṣaye vyatīpāte saṃkrame'rkadine'pi vā) Bhāgavata 4.12.49.
4) Moving, travelling.
5) The falling or shooting of stars.
6) The meeting of two words in Krama text.
-maḥ, -mam 1 A difficult or narrow passage.
2) A causeway, bridge; नदीमार्गेषु च तथा संक्रमानवसादयेत् (nadīmārgeṣu ca tathā saṃkramānavasādayet) Mb.
3) A medium or means of attaining any object; तामेव संक्रमीकृत्य (tāmeva saṃkramīkṛtya) Dk.; सोऽतिथिः स्वर्गसंक्रमः (so'tithiḥ svargasaṃkramaḥ) Pañcatantra (Bombay) 4.2; वैदूर्यसंक्रम इवाम्बरसागरस्य (vaidūryasaṃkrama ivāmbarasāgarasya) Madhyamavyāyoya 1.1.
4) A stair-case, ladder (sopāna); भवनानि तुङ्गतपनीयसंक्रमक्रमणक्वणत्कनकनूपुराः स्त्रियः (bhavanāni tuṅgatapanīyasaṃkramakramaṇakvaṇatkanakanūpurāḥ striyaḥ) (vyacalan) Śiśupālavadha 13.34.
Derivable forms: saṃkramaḥ (संक्रमः).
--- OR ---
Saṃkrāma (संक्राम).—Difficult progress; see संक्रम (saṃkrama).
Derivable forms: saṃkrāmaḥ (संक्रामः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionarySaṃkrama (संक्रम).—(1) m. (compare next two; to saṃ-kram- in meaning transmigrate, recorded for Pali saṃkamati), passage from one existence to another, transmigration: Lalitavistara 419.19 (verse), see s.v. saṃskāra 1; sthāpita-°ma ity ucyate 428.17 (prose), he (Buddha) is called the one who has arrested trans- migration; cyuti-°maḥ Mahāvyutpatti 2986; (2) m. or nt., a high number: m., Mahāvyutpatti 7717, = Tibetan sbar yas; nt., Mahāvyutpatti 7843 (so read with v.l. and Mironov, text saṃgramaṃ) = Tibetan id., cited from Gaṇḍavyūha 133.4 (in Gaṇḍavyūha 105.23 corruptly śakra).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionarySaṃkrama (संक्रम).—mn.
(-maḥ-maṃ) 1. Difficult progress, clambering up rocks, fording torrents, making way through almost impervious or inaccessible passes, &c. 2. The means of effecting such a passage, a causeway a bridge, &c. m.
(-maḥ) 1. Going, moving, travelling. 2. The passage of a planetary body through the zodiac. 3. Passage from one point to another, traversing, transit, transition. 4. Concurrence. E. sam before kram to go, aff. ac .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionarySaṅkrāma (सङ्क्राम).—m.
(-maḥ) 1. Difficult progress or passage over steep rocks, through narrow defiles, &c. 2. A bridge of ropes, &c: see saṅkrama. E. sam before kram to go, aff. ghañ .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionarySaṃkrama (संक्रम).—saṃkrāma, i. e. sam -kram + a, I. m. and n. 1. Difficult progress, making way through almost impervious passes. 2. The means of effecting such a passage, a causeway, a bridge, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 9, 285 (ră). 3. Means of attaining, [Pañcatantra] iv. [distich] 2 (ră). Ii. m. 1. Concurrence. 2. Going. 3. Traversing.
Saṃkrama can also be spelled as Saṃkrāma (संक्राम).
--- OR ---
Saṃkrāma (संक्राम).—see saṃkrama.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionarySaṃkrama (संक्रम).—[masculine] going or coming together, meeting; way, course; bridge, path, stairs; (the falling or shooting of stars*).
--- OR ---
Saṃkrāma (संक्राम).—[masculine] passing, elapsing.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Saṃkrama (संक्रम):—[=saṃ-krama] [from saṃ-kram] m. going or coming together, [Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā]
2) [v.s. ...] progress, course, ([especially]) transition, passage or transference to ([locative case]), [Kusumāñjali]
3) [v.s. ...] the passage of the sun or a planet through the zodiacal signs, [Yājñavalkya; Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā] etc.
4) [v.s. ...] the falling or shooting of stars, [Mṛcchakaṭikā]
5) [v.s. ...] the meeting of two words in the Krama text (caused by omitting those between), [Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā-prātiśākhya]
6) [v.s. ...] a bridge or steps leading down to water, [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.
7) [v.s. ...] Name of one of Skanda’s attendants, [Mahābhārata]
8) [v.s. ...] of a king of the Vidyā-dharas (the son of Vasu), [Kathāsaritsāgara]
9) [v.s. ...] m. or n. (?) a particular high number, [Buddhist literature]
10) [v.s. ...] mn. difficult passage or progress (as over rocks or torrents or inaccessible passes), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
11) [v.s. ...] a means or vehicle for effecting a difficult passage or of obtaining any object, [Daśakumāra-carita]
12) [v.s. ...] n. [dual number] (with indrasya or vasiṣṭhasya) Name of two Sāmans, [Ārṣeya-brāhmaṇa]
13) Saṃkrāma (संक्राम):—[=saṃ-krāma] [from saṃ-kram] m. passing away, [Āpastamba-śrauta-sūtra]
14) [v.s. ...] mn. difficult passage or progress, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Saṅkrama (सङ्क्रम):—[sa-ṅkrama] (maḥ-maṃ) 1. f. m. n. Passing a difficult localiy; means of passing it. m. Going, traversing; passage of a planet through the zodiac; concurrent.
2) Saṅkrāma (सङ्क्राम):—[sa-ṅkrāma] (maḥ) 1. m. Difficult progress or passage; means of effecting it, as bridge of ropes, &c.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Saṃkrama (संक्रम) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Saṃkama, Saṃkāma.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusSaṃkrama (ಸಂಕ್ರಮ):—
1) [noun] a going or coming together.
2) [noun] a gathering or joining together.
3) [noun] a transfering or being transferred from one place to another.
4) [noun] the passage of the sun from one zodiacal sign to another.
5) [noun] a bridge or dam for crossing a river or other water bodies.
--- OR ---
Saṃkrāma (ಸಂಕ್ರಾಮ):—
1) [noun] a passage that is very difficult to pass through.
2) [noun] a progress that is difficult and very slow.
3) [noun] a structure built over an abyss, river, etc. for crossing over from one side to another; a bridge.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Krama, Sam, Shan, Can.
Starts with: Samkramana, Samkramanakala, Samkramanavasthe, Sankramaka, Sankraman.
Ends with: Apratisankrama, Arkasankrama, Suryasankrama, Suryyasankrama, Svarasankrama, Upasamkrama.
Full-text (+28): Samkramana, Suryasankrama, Samkramita, Suryasamkrama, Samkramanaviropana, Samkramani, Samkramika, Samkramayajna, Samkramayitavya, Cankiramam, Svarasamkrama, Samkramadvadashaha, Cankiramaturuvam, Samkrama, Samkramanaka, Samkramin, Sangrama, Samkramitri, Pratisamkrama, Svarasamdarbha.
Relevant text
Search found 11 books and stories containing Sankrama, Saṅkrama, Saṃkrama, Saṃkrāma, Saṅkrāma, Sam-krama, Saṃ-krāma, Saṃ-krama, Saṅ-krāma, San-krama, Sankrāma, Saṅ-krama, Samkrama; (plurals include: Sankramas, Saṅkramas, Saṃkramas, Saṃkrāmas, Saṅkrāmas, kramas, krāmas, Sankrāmas, Samkramas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 9.285 < [Section XXXVIII - Treatment of Criminals and their Punishment]
Significance of the Moon in Ancient Civilizations (by Radhakrishnan. P)
5. Chandramasa and Seasons < [Chapter 5 - Adoration of the Sun and Moon]
Dasarupaka (critical study) (by Anuru Ranjan Mishra)
Part 12 - Society in the Ūrubhaṅga < [Chapter 8 - Utsṛṣṭikāṅka (critical study)]
The Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 178 - The Greatness of Gaṅgāvākaka Tīrtha < [Section 3 - Revā-khaṇḍa]
The Agni Purana (by N. Gangadharan)
List of Mahabharata people and places (by Laxman Burdak)