Sangrama, Saṃgrāma, Samgrama, Saṅgrāma: 21 definitions
Introduction:
Sangrama means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Saṅgrāma (सङ्ग्राम) refers to “battle” or “army”. It can also be spelled as Saṅgrāma (संग्राम). The word is used throughout Dharmaśāstra literature such as the Manusmṛti. (See the Manubhāṣya verse 7.87)
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Saṅgrāma (सङ्ग्राम) refers to “battle”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.4.9 (“Boasting of Tāraka”).—Accordingly, as Tāraka-Asura said to the Gods: “[...] Doing such sinful acts frequently Viṣṇu and Śiva are already deficient in splendour and their prowess is spent out. You will never gain victory in the battle (saṅgrāma) by relying on them. Why then did you foolishly come here to lose your lives? These two, always seeking selfish ends, do not know what is virtue. O gods, without virtue every rite becomes futile. [...]”.
Saṅgrāma (सङ्ग्राम).—The most horrible war and Tārakāmaya in the fifth avatār.*
- * Vāyu-purāṇa 97. 74.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Saṃgrāma (संग्राम) refers to a “battle”, according to the Mahābhārata 10.8.64–68.—Accordingly, “Good sir, they saw her, Kālarātri, standing, smiling, alone, blue-black in hue, with red mouth and eyes, garlands and unguents of crimson, red robes, a noose in one hand, a peacock feather [in her hair], binding men, horses and elephants with her horrifying fetters while she stood, capturing many headless ghosts trapped in her noose, leading those asleep in their dreams to other Nights. And at all times the best soldiers saw the son of Droṇa slaughtering. From the time when the battle (saṃgrāma) between the Kuru and Pāṇḍava armies began, they saw [both] that evil spirit and the son of Droṇa. The son of Droṇa later felled those who had first been struck by this divinity [Kālarātri], terrorizing all creatures while shouting out ferocious bellows”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Saṅgrāma (सङ्ग्राम) refers to a “battle field”, according to the Svacchanda-tantra.—Accordingly, [verse 4.13-16, while describing auspicious dreams]—“After [the dreamer] has seen these [images listed above], he is successful. Likewise, [success comes to those who] obtain the Earth and a [battle] wound. Victory in battle and crossing the battle field (saṅgrāma-taraṇa), which is an ocean of blood and blazes like a place of the departed [are auspicious]. [Someone who] commands heroes and persons who rule [with] victory [are fortunate signs]. [...]”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)
Saṃgrāma (संग्राम) refers to the “battles of a king”, according to the 15th century Mātaṅgalīlā composed by Nīlakaṇṭha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.—[Cf. chapter 2, “on favorable marks”]: “10. Avoiding ( ? young) elephants that are weak, roguish, dull, and ill, one that is endowed with majesty, industrious (or efficient), clever in the eight ways of fighting, heroic, stout, swift, his mind eager to slay all living creatures, provided with the favorable marks—such a noble elephant shall be held fit for a king’s battles (saṃgrāma-yogya)”.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Saṃgrāma (संग्राम) refers to a “battle”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “That which is evidently cessation of action causing the cycle of rebirth is to be considered as the mental stopping of the influx of karma by those who know about that from the most excellent scripture. Like the hero who is well-clad in armour is not pierced by arrows in the difficulty of battle [com.—in the middle of a battle (saṃgrāmamadhye)], the one who has subdued his senses, whose self is restrained, is not pierced by arrows which are made of non-restraint”.
Synonyms: Samara.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
saṅgrāma (संग्राम).—m S Conflict of armies, engagement, battle: also hostile attitude or relation of peoples, war.
saṅgrāma (संग्राम).—m Battle; war; hostile attitude.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Saṃgrāma (संग्राम).—War, battle, fight; संग्रामाङ्गणमागतेन भवता चापे समारोपिते (saṃgrāmāṅgaṇamāgatena bhavatā cāpe samāropite) K. P.1.
Derivable forms: saṃgrāmaḥ (संग्रामः).
Saṃgrama (संग्रम).—[, nt., read saṃkrama, q.v. (2).]
Saṅgrāma (सङ्ग्राम).—m.
(-maḥ) War, battle. E. saṅgrāma to fight, aff. ac .
Saṃgrāma (संग्राम).—i. e. sam-grah + ma, m. 1. War, battle, [Hitopadeśa] 75, 17; fighting, [Pañcatantra] 238, 22. 2. A proper name, [Rājataraṅgiṇī] 5, 305; 423.
Saṃgrāma (संग्राम).—[masculine] popular assembly, host, troop; hostile encounter, fight, war, contest with ([instrumental] ±samam, saha, or sārdham, & —°).
1) Saṃgrāma (संग्राम):—[=saṃ-grāma] [from saṃ-grām] m. (and n., [Siddhānta-kaumudī]; cf., grāma) an assembly of people, host, troop, army, [Atharva-veda]
2) [v.s. ...] battle, war, fight, combat, conflict, hostile encounter with ([instrumental case] with and without samam, saka, sārdham, or [compound]), [ib.] etc. etc.
3) [v.s. ...] Name of various men, [Rājataraṅgiṇī; Catalogue(s)]
4) Sāṃgrāma (सांग्राम):—mfn. ([from] saṃ-grāma) [gana] vyuṣṭādi.
1) Saṅgrāma (सङ्ग्राम):—(ka) saṅgrāmayati, te 10. c. To fight.
2) (maḥ) 1. m. War, battle.
Saṃgrāma (संग्राम):—(sam + grāma) m. (nach [Siddhāntakaumudī.249], a, 14 auch n.)
1) Volksversammlung: ye saṃgrā.āḥ sa.itaya.teṣu.cāru vadema te [Atharvavedasaṃhitā 12, 1, 56.] Schaar, Heerhaufen: yaḥ saṃgrā.ānnayati.saṃ yu.he [?(Taittirīyasaṃhitā v. l.) 4, 24, 7.] —
2) das feindliche Zusammentreffen zweier Haufen, Kampf [das 2, 17.] [UJJVAL.] zu [Uṇādisūtra 1, 142.] [Amarakoṣa 2, 8, 2, 74.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 796.] [Halāyudha 2, 298.] [Atharvavedasaṃhitā 5, 21, 7. 11, 9, 26.] me saṃyattaḥ, maṃ jayati [Taittirīyasaṃhitā 2, 1, 3, 1. 8, 4.] [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 1, 2, 5, 18. 5, 3, 6. 2, 6, 1, 1.] [ĀŚV. GṚHY. 3, 12, 1.] [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 7, 94.] [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 3, 27.] [Mahābhārata 3, 2626. 15761.] [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 75, 29.] [Rāmāyaṇa] [Gorresio 2, 8, 14.] [Spr. (II) 294. 6677.] [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 3, 30. 30, 4. 43, 28. 63, 2] (unter Hähnen). [Prabodhacandrodaja 75, 1.] [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 19, 28. fg.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 8, 11, 7.] ulbaṇa [6, 14, 6.] devāsura [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 107, 4.] vakrāṅga [Rājataraṅgiṇī 6, 128.] na nivarteta saṃgrāmāt [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 7, 87.] saṃgrāmeṣvanivartitvam [88.] [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 64, 40.] notsṛṣṭaścaiva saṃgrāmaḥ [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 13, 12.] surāṇāmasurāṇāṃ ca sarvaghorataraḥ [Mahābhārata 1, 1168. 3, 12148.] dānavaiḥ [Harivaṃśa 5388.] [Rājataraṅgiṇī 4, 164.] tena sārdhaṃ sudāruṇaḥ [4, 472.] samaṃ śrutaśarmaṇā [Kathāsaritsāgara 46, 177.] mahāmohena sahāsmākaṃ saṃpravṛttaḥ saṃgrāmaḥ [Prabodhacandrodaja 72, 6.] nahi śakto smi saṃgrāme sthātuṃ tasya durātmanaḥ [Rāmāyaṇa 1, 22, 19 (23, 19 Gorresio).] saṃgrāmāṃsubahūṃkṛtvā kṣatriyaiḥ [Mahābhārata 2, 1054.] ete mayā mahāghorāḥ saṃgrāmāḥ paryupāsitāḥ [3, 12151.] daśa cāṣṭau ca saṃgrāmān jarāsaṃdhasya yādavāḥ . daduḥ [Harivaṃśa 5126. 5133.] [Rāmāyaṇa] [Gorresio 2, 8, 13.] vyadhuḥ . ekāṅgaiḥ saha saṃgrāmam [Rājataraṅgiṇī 5, 288.] [Pañcatantra 238, 21. fg.] mūrdhani [Mahābhārata 4, 1215.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 1, 15, 30.] saṃgrāmāgre [Rājataraṅgiṇī 4, 705.] karmasu [6, 181.] mṛtyuḥ (v. l. saṃgrāme mṛ) [Hitopadeśa 75, 17.] narendra [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 17, 23.] yoṣitkaṭākṣa [Spr. (II) 4428.] dvaṃdva [Kathāsaritsāgara 48, 106.] vijita adj. (śūra) [Spr. (II) 2423.] —
3) Nomen proprium zweier Männer [Rājataraṅgiṇī.5,305. 423.6,171. 280.] [Oxforder Handschriften 148,a,9.] — Vgl. śrī, sāṃgrāma, sāṃgrāmika .
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Sāṃgrāma (सांग्राम):—adj. von saṃgrāma gaṇa vyuṣṭādi zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 5, 1, 97. -] [Mahābhārata 3, 15867] fehlerhaft für saṃgrāma, wie die ed. Bomb. liest.
Saṅgrāma (सङ्ग्राम) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Saṃgāma.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Saṃgrāma (संग्राम) [Also spelled sangram]:—(nm) war, battle; fight, combat.
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Kannada-English dictionary
Saṃgrāma (ಸಂಗ್ರಾಮ):—[noun] a conflict between armed forces in a war on a large-scale; a prolonged contest in a particular area; a battle.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Saṅgrāma (सङ्ग्राम):—n. war; battle; fight; struggle; combat;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Grama, Sam, Cam.
Starts with: Samgramacandra, Samgramakala, Samgramamadhya, Samgramavarnana, Samgramayogya, Sangramacancala, Sangramadatta, Sangramajit, Sangramajita, Sangramapataha, Sangramasiddhi, Sangramatarana, Sangramavardhana, Sangramavarsha, Sankramam, Sankramanam.
Full-text (+101): Samgramajit, Samgramaturya, Samgramabhumi, Samgramacandra, Samgramamurdhan, Samgramapataha, Samgramasimha, Samgramasiddhi, Samgramashiras, Samgramavarsha, Sangramapataha, Samgramatula, Samgramagupta, Samgramadatta, Samgramanagara, Samgramakarman, Samgramavardhana, Samgramaraja, Samgramadeva, Samgramapala.
Relevant text
Search found 53 books and stories containing Sangrama, Sam-grama, Saṃ-grāma, Saṃgrāma, Samgrama, Saṃgrama, Sāṃgrāma, Saṃgrāṃa, Saṅgrāma, Sangrāma; (plurals include: Sangramas, gramas, grāmas, Saṃgrāmas, Samgramas, Saṃgramas, Sāṃgrāmas, Saṃgrāṃas, Saṅgrāmas, Sangrāmas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 767 < [Hindi-Assamese-English Volume 2]
Page 541 < [Gujarati-Hindi-English, Volume 3]
Page 356 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Nighantu (critical study) (by Gopalakrishna N. Bhat)
Part 13 - Samgramanamani (Samgrama Nama) < [Chapter 4 - Second Adhyaya (chapter) of the Nighantu (study)]
Part 8 - Dhananamani (Dhana Nama) < [Chapter 4 - Second Adhyaya (chapter) of the Nighantu (study)]
Part 7 - Nalanamani (Bala Nama) < [Chapter 4 - Second Adhyaya (chapter) of the Nighantu (study)]
Bhagavad-gita (with Vaishnava commentaries) (by Narayana Gosvami)
Verse 2.33 < [Chapter 2 - Sāṅkhya-yoga (Yoga through distinguishing the Soul from the Body)]
Warfare and Military System in Vedic Literature (by Rinki Deka)
Composition of Army < [Chapter 2 - Military System as Revealed in the Vedic Texts]
Principles of Division of Booty, Seized in War < [Chapter 4 - Principles and Ethics related to the Warfare]
Winning the Battle and the Principles thereof < [Chapter 4 - Principles and Ethics related to the Warfare]
Early Buddhist Attitude to War < [July – September, 1994]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 7.133 < [Chapter 7 - Literary Faults]