Samkshobha, Saṃkṣobha, Saṅkṣobha, Sankshobha: 14 definitions
Introduction:
Samkshobha means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit terms Saṃkṣobha and Saṅkṣobha can be transliterated into English as Samksobha or Samkshobha or Sanksobha or Sankshobha, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
1) Saṃkṣobha (संक्षोभ, “affliction”) refers to one of the thirty-six “characteristic features” (lakṣaṇa) of perfect ‘poetic compositions’ (kāvyabandha) and ‘dramatic compositions’ (dṛśyakāvya, or simply kāvya). According to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 17, these thirty-six lakṣaṇas act as instructions for composing playwrights. The term is used throughout nāṭyaśāstra literature.
2) Saṃkṣobha (संक्षोभ, “commotion”) refers to characteristic feature of certain types of dramatic play (e.g. the Īhāmṛga), according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 20.
Saṃkṣobha (संक्षोभ, “concealment”).—One of the thirty-six lakṣaṇa, or “excellent points of a dramatic composition”;—Description of saṃkṣobha: When being faultless one takes upon oneself various faults of another, or ascribes them to another blameless person, it is an instance of Concealment (saṃkṣobha, lit. “upsetting”).
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Yoga (school of philosophy)
Saṅkṣobha (सङ्क्षोभ) refers to “disturbances” (of speech, mind and body), according to the Amanaska Yoga treatise dealing with meditation, absorption, yogic powers and liberation.—Accordingly, as Īśvara says to Vāmadeva: “[...] At the very moment the highest reality manifests itself, [the Yogin] becomes absorbed in that [reality] which even the guru is not able to define [by saying], ‘this is it’. [The Yogin] should carefully avoid disturbances (saṅkṣobha) of speech, mind and body [vāṅmanaḥkāyasaṅkṣobhaṃ] and should always hold himself very steady, like [one holds] a bowl of liquid. [...]”.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
Saṅkṣobha (सङ्क्षोभ) refers to “restlessness” (due to which one gets agitated), according to the Aṣṭāvakragītā (5th century BC), an ancient text on spirituality dealing with Advaita-Vedānta topics.—Accordingly, [as Aṣṭavakra says to Janaka]: “[...] Even when doing nothing the fool is agitated by restlessness (saṅkṣobha) [akurvannapi saṃkṣobhādvyagraḥ sarvatra mūḍhadhīḥ], while a skilful man remains undisturbed even when doing what there is to do. Happy he stands, happy he sits, happy sleeps and happy he comes and goes. Happy he speaks, and happy he eats. Such is the life of a man at peace. [...]”.
Vedanta (वेदान्त, vedānta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Saṃkṣobha (संक्षोभ) refers to “disturbance (by winds)”, according to the Vajratuṇḍasamayakalparāja, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.—Accordingly, [as the Bhagavān teaches an offering manual]: “A wax Garuḍa should be made. [...] When there is a disturbance by winds (vāyu-saṃkṣobha), it should be placed at crossroads or at the city gate. All winds are stopped in a moment. Even the Vairambha winds are stopped. They are bound and unable to blow again. Merely upon showing, all Nāgas will run away”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Saṃkṣobha (संक्षोभ).—
1) Agitation, trembling.
2) Disturbance, commotion; Mṛcchakaṭika 2.
3) Upsetting, overturning.
4) Pride, haughtiness.
Derivable forms: saṃkṣobhaḥ (संक्षोभः).
Saṅkṣobha (सङ्क्षोभ).—m.
(-bhaḥ) 1. Overturning, upsetting. 2. Shaking, trembling, agitation. 3. Pride, arrogance. E. sam before kṣubh to tremble, aff. ghañ .
Saṃkṣobha (संक्षोभ).—i. e. sam-kṣubh + a, m. 1. Shaking, [Vikramorvaśī, (ed. Bollensen.)] [distich] 12. 2. Trembling, [Indralokāgamana] 5, 9. 3. Agitation. 4. Overturning. 5. Pride.
Saṃkṣobha (संक्षोभ).—[masculine] shock, jerk, wrench; disturbance, agitation.
1) Saṃkṣobha (संक्षोभ):—[=saṃ-kṣobha] [from saṃ-kṣubh] m. a violent shock or jolt, jerk, overturning, upsetting, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] commotion, disturbance, agitation, excitement, [ib.]
3) [v.s. ...] pride, arrogance, [Horace H. Wilson]
Saṅkṣobha (सङ्क्षोभ):—[sa-ṅkṣobha] (bhaḥ) 1. m. Overturning; shaking; pride.
Saṃkṣobha (संक्षोभ):—(von 1. kṣubh mit sam) m. Stoss, Ruck, eine plötzliche heftige Bewegung, Erschütterung [Suśruta 1, 277, 15. 301, 21. 319, 21.] stanodvahanasaṃkṣobhānnamyamānā pade pade [Mahābhārata 3, 1825.] samudrāṇām [10951. 7, 8187.] mīna [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 40, 34.] ratha [Vikramorvaśī 12.] [Prabodhacandrodaja 5, 1.] [PAÑCAR. 4, 6, 4.] sainyānāṃ saṃkṣobhaḥ sāgaropamaḥ [Mahābhārata 7, 5673.] [Rāmāyaṇa 7, 14, 7.] cittatanvoḥ eine Erschütterung des Herzens und des Leibes [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 3, 15, 43.] auch ohne nähere Angabe Gemüthsbewegung, Aufregung [Mahābhārata 3, 10946. 10951.] saṃkṣobhaścāpi sattvānāmanāvṛṣṭikṛto bhavat [5, 339.] maṇḍala [KĀM. NĪTIS. 8, 69.] puṣpakāloka [Raghuvaṃśa 10, 47.] tejasvī saṃkṣobhātprāyaḥ pratipadyate tejaḥ [Śākuntala 158, v. l.] [Kathāsaritsāgara 17, 130. 20, 66. 104, 188. 106, 177.] saṃkṣobheṣvapyanudvegaḥ [Sāhityadarpana 92.]
Saṃkṣobha (संक्षोभ) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Saṃkhobha, Saṃkhoha.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Saṃkṣōbha (ಸಂಕ್ಷೋಭ):—
1) [noun] the perturbed, agitated or disturbed condition (either physical or mental).
2) [noun] the act of quivering or shaking (oneself) vehemently).
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Kshobha, Sam, Cam, Can, Shan.
Starts with: Samkshobhakashaya, Samkshobhamana, Samkshobhana.
Full-text (+7): Vaksankshobha, Kayasankshobha, Nihsamkshobha, Manahsankshobha, Vayusamkshobha, Pittasamkshobha, Samkshobhakashaya, Kalpasamkshobha, Samkshobhita, Samkshobhin, Samkshobhana, Samkhoha, Samkshobhe, Sankhobha, Pavanaja, Pavanatanaya, Pavanasuta, Pavanabhu, Jie luan, Re bing.
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