Samgara, Saṃgara, Saṃgāra, Saṅgara, Sangara, Shamgara: 17 definitions
Introduction:
Samgara means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Buddhism, Pali, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Sangar.
In Hinduism
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Saṅgara (सङ्गर) refers to “strife”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 9), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “If the course of Jupiter, Mercury, Mars and Saturn should just precede that of Venus, mankind, elephants and magicians will be at strife among themselves [i.e., saṅgara]; storms and deaths will afflict mankind. Friends will cease to be friends; the Brahmins will cease to perform religious ceremonies properly; there will be no rain; and mountains will be riven asunder thunderbolts”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Saṅgara (सङ्गर) refers to “one’s resolution”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.4.7 (“Commencement of the War”).—Accordingly, as Brahmā narrated to Nārada: “[...] Duels were fought by the gods and the Asuras crushing each other, on seeing which heroes were delighted and cowards were terrified. [...] Thus the gods and the Asuras, fought duels using their full strength with resolution (saṅgara). O sage, desiring to gain the upper hand and vying with each other, the powerful gods and the Asuras were equally invincible in the battle. [...]”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Sports, Arts and Entertainment (wordly enjoyments)
Saṃgara (संगर) refers to the “fight” (of a hawk), according to the Śyainika-śāstra: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by Rājā Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.—Accordingly, [while discussing the outlines of hawking]: “Saras Cranes and Comnon Cranes attached by a Kuhī excite a fierce emotion, for they are like winged mountains pursuing each other. Falling on the ground, they strike each other with their talons and make a fierce noise; then changing their position, they strike each other with their beaks in a terrible fight (raudra-saṃgara)”.
This section covers the skills and profiencies of the Kalas (“performing arts”) and Shastras (“sciences”) involving ancient Indian traditions of sports, games, arts, entertainment, love-making and other means of wordly enjoyments. Traditionally these topics were dealt with in Sanskrit treatises explaing the philosophy and the justification of enjoying the pleasures of the senses.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Saṅgara, (fr. saṃ+gṛ1 to sing, proclaim, cp. gāyati & gīta) 1. a promise, agreement J. IV, 105, 111, 473; V, 25, 479; saṅgaraṃ karoti to make a compact Vin. I, 247; J. IV, 105; V, 479.—2. (also nt.) a fight M. III, 187=Nett 149; S. V, 109. (Page 666)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Saṅgara (सङ्गर).—f n The narrow and diversely-colored border or stripe (of a dhotar, patal, and similar cloth) between the outer or main border and the ground. 2 A narrow track over a hill.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Saṃgara (संगर).—
1) A promise, an agreement; तथेति तस्या वितथं प्रतीतः प्रत्यग्रहीत् संगरमग्रजन्मा (tatheti tasyā vitathaṃ pratītaḥ pratyagrahīt saṃgaramagrajanmā) R.5.26;11.48; पलितसंगराय (palitasaṃgarāya) 13.65.
2) Accepting, undertaking.
3) A bargain.
4) War, battle, fight; छलबहुलमरीणां संगरं हा हतोऽस्मि (chalabahulamarīṇāṃ saṃgaraṃ hā hato'smi) Ve.5.21; अतरत् स्वभुजौजसा मुहुर्महतः संगरसागरानसौ (atarat svabhujaujasā muhurmahataḥ saṃgarasāgarānasau) Śiśupālavadha 16. 67.
5) Knowledge.
6) Devouring.
7) Misfortune, calamity.
8) Poison.
-ram The fruit of the Śamī tree.
Derivable forms: saṃgaraḥ (संगरः).
Saṅgara (सङ्गर).—m.
(-raḥ) 1. War, battle. 2. Misfortune, calamity. 3. Promise, assent, agreement. 4. A bargain, a transaction of sale. 5. Poison. 6. Knowledge. 7. Acceptance. n.
(-raṃ) The fruit of the Sami tree. E. sam before gṝ to swallow, aff. ap .
Saṃgara (संगर).—i. e. sam-gṛ10 + a, I. m. 1. Agreement. 2. Promise, [Indralokāgamana] 4, 12. 3. A transaction of sale. 4. War, battle, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 4, 121; [Bhartṛhari, (ed. Bohlen.)] 2, 85. 5. Misfortune. 6. Poison (cf. gara). Ii. n. The fruit of the Śamī tree.
Saṃgara (संगर).—[masculine] agreement, promise; fight, contest with ([instrumental]), about ([genetive]).
1) Śaṃgarā (शंगरा):—[=śaṃ-garā] [from śaṃ > śam] f. = śaṃkarā, [Patañjali]
2) Saṃgara (संगर):—[=saṃ-gara] a etc. See saṃ- √1. 2. gṝ.
3) [=saṃ-gara] [from saṃ-gṝ] 1. saṃ-gara m. agreeing together, agreement, assent, [Atharva-veda] etc. etc.
4) [v.s. ...] conflict, combat, fight, battle with ([instrumental case]) or for ([genitive case]), [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.
5) [v.s. ...] a bargain, transaction of sale, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) [v.s. ...] knowledge, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
7) [=saṃ-gara] [from saṃ-gṝ] 2. saṃ-gara m. swallowing up, devouring, [Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary]
8) [v.s. ...] n. poison, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
9) [v.s. ...] misfortune, calamity, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
10) [v.s. ...] the Śamī fruit, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
Saṅgara (सङ्गर):—[sa-ṅgara] (raḥ) 1. m. War; misfortune; poison; promise; bargain; knowledge. n. Fruit of the sami tree.
Saṃgara (संगर):—1.
1) m. a) (von 1. gar mit sam) Zusage, Versprechen, Vertrag; = pratijñā, saṃvid, aṅgīkāra, kriyākāra [Amarakoṣa 3, 4, 25, 168.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 278.] [Anekārthasaṃgraha 3, 615.] [Medinīkoṣa r. 235.] [Halāyudha 4, 30.] — [Atharvavedasaṃhitā 6, 119, 2.] [Aitareyabrāhmaṇa 8, 21.] tatheti tasyāvitathaṃ pratītaḥ pratyagrahītsaṃgaram [Raghuvaṃśa 5, 26.] smārayitvā vratinā pūrvasaṃgaram [Kathāsaritsāgara 26, 219.] satya [?ady. Yāska’s Nirukta 3, 5. Mahābhārata 1, 2393. 2, 134. 4, 20. 13, 100. 18, 23. Rāmāyaṇa 2, 104, 16. 106, 5. Rāmāyaṇa Gorresio 2, 1, 12. 109, 4. 114, 30. 5, 47, 11. 6, 111, 1. Raghuvaṃśa 11, 48. Kathāsaritsāgara 3, 45. 75, 49.] sthira adj. [Mahābhārata 3, 1811.] pālita adj. [Raghuvaṃśa 13, 65.] — b) Kampf, Gefecht [Amarakoṣa 3, 4, 14, 72. 25, 168.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 798.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] [Halāyudha 2, 298.] [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 4, 121.] saṃgaraṃ tyaj [Mahābhārata 3, 729. 4, 1601. 5, 4086] [?(pl.). 7, 4801.] praveśya [Harivaṃśa 1101. 13755.] [Rāmāyaṇa] [Gorresio 2, 51, 5. 4, 55, 9.] stha [5, 11, 6.] kṣama [KĀM. NĪTIS. 13, 80.] [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 9, 38.] [Spr. (II) 2671. 3815.] śūrāśca saṃgare (parīkṣyante) [Kathāsaritsāgara 31, 93. 46, 182.] [Rājataraṅgiṇī 1, 61.] tena [Mahābhārata 4, 2236.] [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 21, 89. 125. 21.] droṇapārṣatasaṃgare [Mahābhārata 14, 1789.] smara [Gītagovinda 8, 4.] [Oxforder Handschriften 141], b, [1 v. u.] [Rājataraṅgiṇī 1, 69.] dakṣiṇānām um [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 8, 349.] ujjhita adj. [Kathāsaritsāgara 20, 89.] priya adj. [Rāmāyaṇa 4, 13, 41.] a nicht kämpfend [Spr. (II) 615.] — c) Ungemach [Amarakoṣa 3, 4, 25, 168.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] — d) = gara Gift [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] —
2) n. die Frucht der Śamī genannten Fabacee [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] (lies śamyāḥ) und [Medinīkoṣa]
--- OR ---
Śaṃgarā (शंगरा):—f. = śaṃkarā [KUṆARAVĀḌAVA] in [MAHĀBH. lith. Ausg. 3,65,a.]
Saṃgara (संगर) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Saṃgara.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Saṃgara (संगर) [Also spelled sangar]:—(nm) a battle, fighting, hedge.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
Saṃgara (संगर) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Saṃgara.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Saṃgara (ಸಂಗರ):—
1) [noun] a promise or oath taken or given.
2) [noun] a conflict between armed forces in a war on a large-scale; a prolonged contest in a particular area; a battle.
3) [noun] the act of eating hungrily, greedily or voraciously; a devouring.
4) [noun] the flesh of animals used as food; meat.
5) [noun] a stupid fellow; a blockhead.
6) [noun] keen mental suffering or distress; grief.
7) [noun] a day and a night.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Saṃgāra (संगार):—[=सँगार] n. threshold; bottom part of the door-frame;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Sam, Gara, Cam, Can, Shan.
Starts with: Samgarahite, Samgarakshama, Samgarana, Samgararamga, Samgarastha, Sangarahita.
Full-text (+58): Shankara, Satyasamgara, Rangasamgara, Dharmasamgara, Sthirasamgara, Satyasangara, Cankaram, Samgarakshama, Samgarastha, Anritasamgara, Sthirasangara, Sangar, Raudrasamgara, Yonicankaram, Cankaracati, Samharam, Samgarana, Mattimacankaram, Cankaratutan, Cankaranamaccivayar.
Relevant text
Search found 25 books and stories containing Samgara, Śaṃ-garā, Sam-gara, Saṃ-gara, Saṃgara, Śaṃgarā, Saṃgara, Saṃgāra, Saṅ-gara, San-gara, Saṅgara, Sangara, Sham-gara, Shamgara; (plurals include: Samgaras, garās, garas, Saṃgaras, Śaṃgarās, Saṃgāras, Saṅgaras, Sangaras, Shamgaras). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Tirumantiram by Tirumular (English translation)
Verse 427: Four Forms of Death < [Tantra Two (irantam tantiram) (verses 337-548)]
Verse 426: What Transpires in the Four Deaths < [Tantra Two (irantam tantiram) (verses 337-548)]
Verse 428: Thus Four are the Deaths < [Tantra Two (irantam tantiram) (verses 337-548)]
Krishna Sandarbha of Jiva Goswami (by Kusakratha Prabhu)
Verse 86.7 < [Anuccheda 86]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 275 < [Gujarati-Hindi-English, Volume 3]
Page 373 < [English-Gujarati-Hindi (1 volume)]
Page 294 < [Gujarati-Hindi-English, Volume 3]
Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)
Appendix 2.3: new and rare words < [Appendices]
Part 6: Kanakavatī’s birth as Vīramati < [Chapter III - Vasudeva’s Marriage with Kanakavatī and her Former Incarnations]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 9.23 < [Chapter 9 - Ornaments of Sound]
Saura-purana (analytical study) (by Priyanku Chakraborty)
Part 2.9 - The episode of Andhakāsura < [Chapter 3 - Myths and Legends of the Saura-purāṇa]