Samayika, Sāmāyika, Sāmayika: 22 definitions
Introduction:
Samayika means something in Jainism, Prakrit, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Buddhism, Pali, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Samyik.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Sāmāyika (सामायिक) or Sāmāyikapratimā represents the third of eleven pratimā (stages) laid down for Jain laymen. Sāmāyika-pratimā refers to “worshipping regularly, in general for forty-two minutes, three times daily. Worship means self-contemplation and purifying one’s ideas and emotions..” according to J. L. Jaini in his “outlines of Jainism” (pp. 67-70).
These pratimās (e.g., sāmāyika) form a series of duties and performances, the standard and duration of which rises periodically and which finally culminates in an attitude resembling monkhood. Thus the pratimās rise by degrees and every stage includes all the virtues practised in those preceeding it. The conception of eleven pratimās appears to be the best way of exhibiting the rules of conduct prescribved for the Jaina laymen.
Sāmāyika (सामायिक) or Sāmāyikavrata is the name of a vow mentioned in chapter 1.3 [ādīśvara-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.
Accordingly, as mentioned in Ṛṣabha’s sermon:—
“[...] the restraint of the senses with the whole soul is called cāritra. It may be partial in laymen devoted to the yatidharmas. The roots of right-belief are the five lesser vows (aṇuvratas), the three meritorious vows (guṇavratas), and the four disciplinary vows (śikṣāvratas) of laymen. [...] Tranquillity for three-quarters of an hour of one who has abandoned painful and evil meditation, and has abandoned censurable activity is known as the sāmāyika-vrata”.
Sāmāyika (सामायिक) refers to one of the fourteen limbs of the external-corpus (aṅga-bāhya). The Aṅgabāhya refers to one of the two types of scriptural knowledge (śruta), which refers to one of the five types of knowledge (jñāna). according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 1.20, “scriptural knowledge (śruta) preceded by sensory knowledge (mati) is of two, or of twelve or of many kinds (e.g., sāmāyika)”.
Sāmāyika (सामायिक) refers to one of the eleven pratimās (eleven stages for becoming excellent śrāvaka).—The third and fourth stages bear the designations of Sāmāyika and Proṣadha-pratimās respectively. A question may be asked: when Sāmāyika and Proṣadha-pratimās have been treated as Aṇūvrata, why have they been regarded as constituting the third and fourth Pratimās, respectively? As a matter of fact, these sum up the entire spiritual life of the householder. Besides, Sāmāyika, and Proṣadhopavāsa are closely interrelated and so influence each other. Proṣadhopavāsa assists in the due performance of Sāmāyika and sometimes Sāmāyika encourages the performance of the other with purity and zeal. In the science of spirituality theory cannot countervail practice. So, if these two Vratas are elevated to the rank of Pratimās, it is to favour the deepening of spiritual consciousness, and hence it is justifiable.
Sāmāyika (सामायिक) or Sāmāyikavrata refers to “periodical contemplation” and is one of the four śikṣāvrata (teaching vows) according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 7.21.—What is meant by the vow for periodical contemplation (sāmāyika)? To practice contemplation on self or spiritual renderings for a fixed time period in the morning and evening, at fixed times and at a fixed quiet and calm place, after freeing one from all sins and a restraining all activities of mind, speech and body is called vow of periodical contemplation.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Sāmāyika.—(HA), remaining steadfast in worship or meditation (at least for 48 minutes), with the mind drawn away from attachments or ill will and abstaining from committing sins, which is the daily duty of a Jain. Note: sāmāyika is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
sāmayika : (adj.) 1. religious; 2. temporary.
Sāmāyika, (adj.) (fr. samaya) 1. on a friendly footing, in agreement M. III, 110; Miln. 22.—2. occurring in due season, timely Miln. 302 sq. , 305.—3. temporary A. III, 349 sq.; cp. sāmayika. (Page 704)
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Sāmayika, (adj.) (fr. samaya) temporary Sn. 54; Miln. 302 (so read); see sāmāyika. (Page 704)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
samāyīka (समायीक).—a Corr. from sāmāyika q. v. Seasonable or opportune; periodical or occasional &c.
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sāmayika (सामयिक).—a (S) Relating to time or season; observing time or season; seasonable or opportune; periodical or occasional; punctual &c. 2 Relating to compact or agreement, stipulated, conventional.
sāmayika (सामयिक).—a Seasonable; punctual. Stipu- lated.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Sāmayika (सामयिक).—a. (-kī f.) [समय-ठञ् (samaya-ṭhañ)]
1) Customary, conventional.
2) Agreed upon, stipulated.
3) Conforming to agreement, keeping an appointment or engagement; देवि सामयिका भवामः (devi sāmayikā bhavāmaḥ) M.1.
4) Punctual, exact.
5) Reasonable, timely; किमसामयिकं वितन्वता मनसः क्षोभमुपात्त- रंहसः (kimasāmayikaṃ vitanvatā manasaḥ kṣobhamupātta- raṃhasaḥ) Kirātārjunīya 2.4.
6) Periodical.
7) Temporary.
-kaḥ Time, period.
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Sāmāyika (सामायिक).—
1) Equanimity.
2) A deed (of property accrued from common business); मेलयित्वा स्वधनांशान् व्यवहाराय साधकः । कुर्वन्ति लेखपत्रं यत्तच्च सामायिकं स्मृतम् (melayitvā svadhanāṃśān vyavahārāya sādhakaḥ | kurvanti lekhapatraṃ yattacca sāmāyikaṃ smṛtam) || Śukra.2.33.
Derivable forms: sāmāyikam (सामायिकम्).
Sāmayika (सामयिक).—m. or nt. (in this sense not otherwise recorded; the same are meant by pañca samayāḥ Mahāvyutpatti 8668), seasonal period; five are listed Mahāvyutpatti 9282—86, haiman- tikaḥ, grīṣmaḥ, vārṣikaḥ, mita-vārṣikaḥ, dīrgha-vārṣikaḥ; and Bhikṣuṇī-karmavācanā 22a.2—3 sāmayikā ārocayitavyāḥ: haimantikā graiṣmikā vārṣikā mita-v° dīrgha-vārṣikāś ca. tatra haiman- tikāś catvāro māsāḥ, graiṣmikāś catvāro māsāḥ, vārṣika eko māsaḥ, mita-vārṣika ekaṃ rātriṃdivasaṃ, dīrghavāṛṣikā ekarātronās trayo māsāḥ. This curious division is obviously monkish in basis, applying presumably in the Vinaya. Close parallel Mūla-Sarvāstivāda-Vinaya iii.124.1 ff., sāmayikam, nt., and so nt. haimantikaṃ graiṣmikaṃ vārṣikaṃ mṛta-(! but Tibetan thuṅ ṅu = short)-vārṣikaṃ dīrghavarṣikam; the extent are the same.
Sāmayika (सामयिक).—mfn.
(-kaḥ-kī-kaṃ) 1. Seasonable, punctual, observing time or season. 2. Precise, exact. 3. Stipulated, according to agreement. 4. Conventional, customary. 5. Periodical. 6. Temporary. E. samaya time or engagement, ṭhañ or ṭhak aff. of relation or possession.
Sāmayika (सामयिक).—i. e. samaya + ika. adj. 1. According to agreement, exact. 2. Conventional, customary. 3. Seasonable.
Sāmayika (सामयिक).—[adjective] conventional.
1) Sāmayika (सामयिक):—[from sāmayācārika] mfn. (ft. sam-aya) based on agreement, conventional, customary, [Kaṇāda’s Vaiśeṣika-sūtra; Yājñavalkya; Nyāyamālā-vistara [Scholiast or Commentator]]
2) [v.s. ...] of the same opinion, like-minded, [Rājataraṅgiṇī]
3) [v.s. ...] seasonable, timely, precise, exact, [Mālavikāgnimitra] ([varia lectio]), [Kirātārjunīya] (in a-s)
4) [v.s. ...] periodical, [Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary]
5) [v.s. ...] temporary, [Sāṃkhyapravacana]
6) Sāmāyika (सामायिक):—n. ([from] samāya = sasmaya) equanimity, [Hemacandra’s Pariśiṣṭaparvan]
Sāmayika (सामयिक):—[(kaḥ-kī-kaṃ) a.] Seasonable; punctual; exact; conventional.
Sāmayika (सामयिक) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Samaia, Sāmaia, Sāmaiga, Sāmāia.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Sāmayika (सामयिक) [Also spelled samyik]:—(a) opportune, timely; current; topical, periodic(al); casual; (nm) a periodical; ~[tā] timeliness; periodicity; topicality; the state or fact of being opportune; —[carcā] current/topical affairs; —[patra] a periodical; —[vārtā] topical talk; —[viṣaya] current affairs.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Sāmayika (ಸಾಮಯಿಕ):—
1) [adjective] arranged definitely; stipulated.
2) [adjective] happening, done, said, etc. at a suitable time; well-timed; opportune.
3) [adjective] done or to be done in accorance with tradition; traditional.
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Sāmayika (ಸಾಮಯಿಕ):—
1) [noun] time; period of time.
2) [noun] that which is traditional and not mundane or is in accordance with the doctrine of.
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Sāmāyika (ಸಾಮಾಯಿಕ):—
1) [noun] the quality of the minḍs stability, calmness, judgement, etc. not being affected by external influences.
2) [noun] (jain.) the quality or state of a person retiring from the worldly life, passions, etc. and concentrating only on the spiritual progress.
3) [noun] deep and abstract meditation.
4) [noun] a man meditating so in an sonely place.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Sāmayika (सामयिक):—adj. 1. having to do with time/a particular time; 2. timely; opportune; 3. periodical; 4. contemporary;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Camayikapattiram, Samayika-carca, Samayika-kara, Samayika-pariksha, Samayika-patra, Samayika-prakashana, Samayika-varta, Samayikabhava, Samayikam, Samayikapatha, Samayikapratima, Samayikar, Samayikasutra, Samayikata, Samayikate, Samayikatva, Samayikavrata.
Full-text (+29): Asamayika, Samayikabhava, Samasamayika, Samayikavrata, Samayika-pariksha, Samayika-prakashana, Samayika-varta, Samayika-patra, Samayikatva, Samayika-kara, Samayikapratima, Samayika-carca, Samayikam, Samayikapatha, Samaia, Camayikapattiram, Samayik-vaarta, Samaika, Samayik-patr, Samayik-pariksha.
Relevant text
Search found 30 books and stories containing Samayika, Sāmāyika, Sāmayika, Samāyīka; (plurals include: Samayikas, Sāmāyikas, Sāmayikas, Samāyīkas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Apadana commentary (Atthakatha) (by U Lu Pe Win)
Commentary on the stanza beginning with aṭṭhāna < [Commentary on biography of Silent Buddhas (Paccekabuddha)]
Tattvasangraha [with commentary] (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 2622-2623 < [Chapter 24b - Arguments against the reliability of the Veda (the Revealed Word)]
Jainism and Patanjali Yoga (Comparative Study) (by Deepak bagadia)
The four Siksavratas < [Chapter 3 - Jain Philosophy and Practice]
Five caritras (conduct) < [Chapter 3 - Jain Philosophy and Practice]
Six Avasyakas (essentials) < [Chapter 3 - Jain Philosophy and Practice]
Gommatsara by Acharya Nemichandra (by Bai Bahadur J. L. Jaini)
Chapter 13 - The concept of Samyama-margana (Control-soul-quest) < [Volume 1 - Jiva-kanda (the soul)]
Part 4.2 - The Anga-Bahya Shruta < [Introduction (volume 1)]
Definitions of the 5 Sins < [Introduction (volume 2)]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 377 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Page 431 < [English-Gujarati-Hindi (1 volume)]
Page 432 < [English-Gujarati-Hindi (1 volume)]
Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary) (by Vijay K. Jain)
Verse 7.33 - The transgressions of Sāmāyika-vrata < [Chapter 7 - The Five Vows]
Verse 9.18 - The five kinds of conduct (cāritra) < [Chapter 9 - Stoppage and Shedding of Karmas]
Verse 7.21 - Supplementary vows of the householder with minor-vows < [Chapter 7 - The Five Vows]