Samanya, Sāmānya, Sāmanya: 40 definitions

Introduction
Image gallery
In Hinduism
1. Vaisheshika
2. Ayurveda
3. Purana
4. Samkhya
5. Natyashastra
6. Vyakarana
7. Shaivism
8. Kavyashastra
9. Nyaya
10. Shaiva philosophy
11. Vastushastra
12. Pancaratra
In Buddhism
1. Tibetan Buddhism
2. Buddhist philosophy
India history
Languages
1. Marathi
2. Sanskrit
3. Hindi
4. Kannada
5. Nepali
See also
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Introduction:

Samanya means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

Alternative spellings of this word include Samany.

Images (photo gallery)

In Hinduism

Vaisheshika (school of philosophy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Vaiśeṣika

Sāmānya (सामान्य, “generality”) is one of the seven accepted categories of padārtha (“metaphysical correlate”), according to the Vaiśeṣika-sūtras. These padārthas represent everything that exists which can be cognized and named. Together with their subdivisions, they attempt to explain the nature of the universe and the existence of living beings.

Source: Wikipedia: Vaisheshika

Sāmānya (सामान्य, “generality”): Since there are plurality of substances, there will be relations among them (according to the Vaiśeṣika school). When a property is found common to many substances, it is called sāmānya.

Source: Shodhganga: A study of Nyāya-vaiśeṣika categories (vaisesika)

Sāmānya (सामान्य, “general”) or Sāmānyaguṇa refers to a classification of the twenty-four guṇas (qualities) according to the Dīpikā on Tarkasaṃgraha.—The twenty-four guṇas are divided into sāmānya-guṇas and viśeṣa-guṇas. Sāmānya-guṇas (general qualities) are those which abide in two or more substances. Viśeṣa-guṇas (special qualities) are those which abide in one dravya only and not in two or more substances. Annaṃbhaṭṭa defines viśeṣa-guṇa and sāmānya-guṇa in his Dīpikā on Tarkasaṃgraha. Praśastapāda also mentions about these in his Praśastapādabhāṣya on the Vaiśeṣikadarśanam.

context information

Vaisheshika (वैशेषिक, vaiśeṣika) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. Vaisheshika deals with subjects such as logic, epistemology, philosophy and expounds concepts similar to Buddhism in nature

Ayurveda (science of life)

Rasashastra (Alchemy and Herbo-Mineral preparations)

Source: Indian Journal of History of Science, 31(4), 1996: Mūṣāvijñāna

Sāmānya (सामान्य) or Sāmānyamūṣā refers to an “ordinary crucible” and is a type of mūṣā (crucible) used for smelting metals.—Sāmānya crucibles were usually made of earth and iron-powder. Apart from these two substances horse-dung, powdered coal, burnt chaff of grains were also added. After mixing the well-ground substances and after adding some moistening agents like milk, a fine paste was made and crucibles of various shapes and sizes were constructed from it. Also see Rasaratnasamuccaya 5.171, 230 and Rasārṇava 14.151.

Unclassified Ayurveda definitions

Source: Wisdom Library: Āyurveda and botany

Sāmānya (सामान्य, “similarity”):—One of the six padārtha (or ‘basic categories’) which should be known to every Physician if he wants to understand the science of life.

Source: Google Books: Essentials of Ayurveda

Sāmānya (सामान्य) denotes similarity and as such brings unity and causes increase where viśeṣa is opposite to that e.g., meaning dissimilarity causing discrimination and decrease. The physician looking to aggravation and diminution of doṣas etc., should administer dravy for their increase and decrease according to sāmānya nad viśeṣa.

Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of terms

Sāmānya (सामान्य):—Similar: similarity which is found in many substances and leads to their caregorization in one group. Samanya leads to increase of similar; Similarity; denotes similarity between two substances, properties or actions; one of the fundamental concepts in ayurvedic pharmacology that states that substances can potentially lead to an increase or positive impact in the similar substances or attributes in the living system, when engaged in an effective interaction.

Source: Indian Journal of History of Science: Jvaranirnaya: a rare monograph on diagnosis of fevers from the pre-colonial era

Sāmānya (सामान्य) (or Sāmānyapūrvarūpa) refers to “general prodromal symptoms”, according to the Jvaranirṇaya: an Ayurvedic manuscript dealing exclusively with types of jvara (fevers) written by Sri Nārāyaṇa Paṇḍita in the 16th century CE.—The uniqueness of the text is that one can get a comprehensive classification, symptomatology and diagnosis of jvara, all at one place in this text. [...] In the Pṛthakjāta-Prakaraṇa is mentioned the general prodromal symptoms (sāmānya-pūrvarūpa) and specific prodromal symptoms on the basis of doṣa are mentioned and the opinion of Tārkika [tārkikaḥ] is also mentioned.

context information

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: Wisdom Library: The Matsya-purāṇa

Sāmānyā (सामान्या) is the name of a mind-born ‘divine mother’ (mātṛ), created for the purpose of drinking the blood of the Andhaka demons, according to the Matsya-purāṇa 179.8. The Andhaka demons spawned out of every drop of blood spilled from the original Andhakāsura (Andhaka-demon). According to the Matsya-purāṇa 179.35, “Most terrible they (e.g., Sāmānyā) all drank the blood of those Andhakas and become exceedingly satiated.”

The Matsyapurāṇa is categorised as a Mahāpurāṇa, and was originally composed of 20,000 metrical verses, dating from the 1st-millennium BCE. The narrator is Matsya, one of the ten major avatars of Viṣṇu.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

Sāmānya (सामान्य).—A mother goddess.^*

* Matsya-purāṇa 179. 30.

context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Samkhya (school of philosophy)

Source: Shodhganga: Prakrti and purusa in Samkhyakarika an analytical review

Sāmānya (सामान्य, “common objects”).—There is almost an agreement among the commentators regarding the nature of sāmānya. By the word sāmānya the commentators generally mean the object of non-subjective apprehension. Such an object can be apprehended by many persons simultaneously. Sāmānya means common, just objects like a pot, which can be apprehended simultaneously by many persons.

context information

Samkhya (सांख्य, Sāṃkhya) is a dualistic school of Hindu philosophy (astika) and is closeley related to the Yoga school. Samkhya philosophy accepts three pramanas (‘proofs’) only as valid means of gaining knowledge. Another important concept is their theory of evolution, revolving around prakriti (matter) and purusha (consciousness).

Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Source: Shodhganga: Mankhaka a sanskrit literary genius (natya)

Sāmānya (सामान्य, “sameness”) refers to a type of Alaṃkāra (figure of speech).—When something in question is spoken of as having become undistinguishable from something else on account of similar qualities, there is Sāmānya or Sameness.

Source: Shodhganga: The significance of the mūla-beras (natya)

Sāmānya (सामान्य) or Sādhāraṇa refers to one of the three kinds of “heroines” (nāyikā) in a dramatic representation, according to the Abhinaya-sara-samputa, as used within the classical tradition of Indian dance and performance, also known as Bharatanatyam.—In the depiction of any mood or sentiment, a dance performance or a dramatic representation takes the medium of the hero (nāyaka) and the heroine (nāyikā). The nāyikās (heroines) are generally classified into three types [viz., Sāmānya].

The heroine of [the sāmānya] category is a courtesan who belongs to everyone. She is well versed in arts and tries to secure her life financially by the support of the lover’s attachment.

context information

Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)

Source: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar

Sāmānya (सामान्य).—lit. resemblance in any one or many respects. In the Nirukta the word is used in the sense of resemblance between the word to be derived, and any form of a root; the term refers there to grammatical resemblance and may therefore mean grammatical consideration in general; cf. अविद्यमाने सामान्ये-प्यक्षरवर्णसामान्य त् निर्ब्रूयात् (avidyamāne sāmānye-pyakṣaravarṇasāmānya t nirbrūyāt) Nir.II.1.

context information

Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.

Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: Shodhganga: Iconographical representations of Śiva

Sāmānya (सामान्य) or Sāmānyāgama refers to one of upāgamas (supplementary scriptures) of the Parameśvarāgama which is one of the twenty-eight Siddhāntāgama: a classification of the Śaiva division of Śaivāgamas. The Śaivāgamas represent the wisdom that has come down from lord Śiva, received by Pārvatī and accepted by Viṣṇu. The purpose of revealing upāgamas (e.g., Sāmānya Āgama) is to explain more elaborately than that of mūlāgamas (e.g., Parameśvara-āgama) and to include any new idea if not dealt in mūlāgamas.

Source: academia.edu: Religious Inclusivism in the Writings of an Early Modern Sanskrit Intellectual (Shaivism)

Sāmānya (सामान्य) or Sāmānyaśāstra (Cf. Mantramārga) refers to the “general and exoteric revelation”.—While Śaiva Siddhānta adheres to a strictly dualist doctrine (dvaitavāda, bhedavāda) according to which Śiva is the efficient cause of the world and is distinct from souls and worlds, non-dualist schools hold that Śiva is ultimately non-different from the soul and that liberation is achieved not through ritual but through gnosis. Thus Abhinavagupta, like most other esoteric Śaivas, sees Śaiva Siddhānta as a general and exoteric revelation (sāmāny-śāstra) that his non-dualist theory and practice transcend as a special or esoteric teaching (viśeṣaśāstra, rahasyaśāstra). The theoreticians of Śaiva Siddhānta, on the other hand, disagree with this non-dualist metaphysics and claim that their dualist position is final.

Source: Sri Kamakoti Mandali: The Sects of śaivas

1) Sāmānya (सामान्य) or Sāmānyaśaiva refers to one of the four types of Śaivas based on ācāra, according to the Kriyāpāda of Candrajñāna (Candrajñānāgama).—A Sāmānyaśaiva worships the Lord when he sees a shrine or idol. He then performs arcana, pradakṣiṇā, namaskāra, etc. There are no rules and regulations here and one worships based on one’s capacity. He is mostly a pious devotee who is deeply devoted to the cihnas of the Lord such as bhasma and rudrākṣa, and to devotees of Śiva as well as the māhātmya of the Lord.

2) Sāmānya (सामान्य) refers to one of the three kinds of Vīraśaiva, which itself also refers to one of the four types of Śaivas based on ācāra.—One free from rāga and dveṣa and always immersed in the contemplation of Śiva, is called a Vīraśaiva, after all vikalpas are lost. They are again of three kinds: sāmānya, viśeṣa, and nirābhāra.

context information

Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

Kavyashastra (science of poetry)

Source: Shodhganga: The Kavyavilasa of Ciranjiva Bhattacarya (kavyashastra)

Sāmānya (सामान्य) refers to one of the 93 alaṃkāras (“figures of speech”) mentioned by Cirañjīva Bhaṭṭācārya (fl. 17th century) in his Kāvyavilāsa and is listed as one of the 89 arthālaṃkāras (figure of speech determined by the sense, as opposed to sound).—The figure of speech sāmānya has been treated by so many Ālaṃkārikas like Ruyyaka (A. S./169), Mammaṭa (K.P. X/P. 134), Jayadeva (V/34), Viśvanātha (S. D. X/116), Jagannātha (R. G. II/P. 696) Appayyadīkṣita (Kuv. P. 290).

Cirañjīva defines sāmānya as—“sāmānyaṃ yadi sādṛśyādbheda eva na lakṣyate”.—“When due to similarity or due to similar attributes the mutual distinction among things are not observed the figure of speech sāmānya takes place”. In fact on account of similar attributes, the identification of thing is known as the figure sāmānaya. Cirañjīva has also discussed the distinction of sāmānya from mīlita. In his opinion in mīlita one of the two objects is subdued on account of similar attribute in such a way that the subdued object is not at all realized; but in sāmānya the difference between two objects is not cognisable due to their similar attribute and in it both the objects are cognizable.

Example of the sāmānya-alaṃkāra (from Cirañjīva’s own work Kalpalatā):—

udyatpatāśakusumairmitaiḥ samantā—cchonīkṛtāsu sakalāsu diśāsu sadyaḥ |
nā’bodhi kāmukajanairabhisāriṇībhiḥ śoṇāyitāpi puruhūtadiśā niśānte ||

“At present all the quarters being reddened by innumerable bloomed palāsa flowers all around. The eastern direction even reddened was not ascertained at the end of night by the lustful persons and the women going to their place of assignation”.

Notes: This is a beautiful description of the morning given by Cirañjīva. In the morning the lustful persons and women returning to their abode are unable to distinguish the eastern direction which has become red by the hue of the rising sun. They are unable to spot out the eastern direction due to the fact that all quarters have the same reddened hue by the bloomed kiṃśuka flowers. As the eastern direction is not distinguished from other quarters on account of the attribute of redness, the figure sāmānya takes place.

context information

Kavyashastra (काव्यशास्त्र, kāvyaśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian tradition of poetry (kavya). Canonical literature (shastra) of the includes encyclopedic manuals dealing with prosody, rhetoric and various other guidelines serving to teach the poet how to compose literature.

Nyaya (school of philosophy)

Source: Shodhganga: A study of Nyāya-vaiśeṣika categories

Sāmānya (सामान्य) or “generality of universal” is regarded as an objective reality and a separate category (padārtha) by the Nyāya-Vaiśeṣikas. The category of sāmānya is conceived by them to explain the notion of commonness in different objects of a class. It is the basis of the idea of common characters among many individuals. Individuals are different in respect of quality, action etc. In the early period of the Vaiśeṣika school, it was conceived that whatever produced the idea of commonness should be regarded as universal. The etymology of the word sāmānya also establishes this idea. Etymologically sāmānya means the notion of sameness (samanānāṃ bhāvaḥ). But later on, it was realised that all attributes which produce the notion of commonness could not be regarded as universal. Hence, the Vaiśeṣikas hold that sāmānya is that characteristics which is eternal and which exist in all the individuals of a class.

Kaṇāda simply says that sāmānya as also viśeṣa depend upon the intellect for their existence. He does not assign any objective reality to sāmānya as also to viśeṣa. Praśastapāda describes sāmānya as the cause of the notion of common character in many things. Śrīdhara defines sāmānya as the cause which generates the knowledge of common character existing in many things which are quite different from one another. Udayana defines sāmānya with the help of its etymology and says sāmānya is the natural and not accidental characteristic of many individuals which gives the idea of commonness. In the view of Vātsyāyana, sāmānya is that which produces similar cognition in respect of different loc[?] and because of which individual objects are not differentiated from one another. It is the cause of assimilation of objects. Vātsyāyana, also maintains some difference between sāmānya and jāti which is not noticed in the Vaiśeṣika works. In his view jāti is that particular sāmānya which establishes non difference of same objects among themselves and difference from other objects. The same idea is expressed by Uddyotakara.

Praśastapāda divides sāmānya into two types, viz., para (superior) and apara (inferior). This division is accepted by the later exponents of the school. Udayana states that para covers a wider area, while apara covers a narrower area. Following Praśastapāda, Viśvanātha, Śivāditya, Keśava Miśra, Annaṃbhaṭṭa and others divide sāmānya into two kinds, superior and inferior. The example of para-sāmānya is sattā or being. It is superior because it covers a wider area than all other universals. It subsists in all the three padārthas, viz., dravya, guṇa and karma. It is a generality only. Dravyatva, gunatva, karmatva etc. which subsist in dravya, guṇa and karma respectively are apara-sāmānyas.

context information

Nyaya (न्याय, nyaya) refers to a school of Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. The Nyaya philosophy is known for its theories on logic, methodology and epistemology, however, it is closely related with Vaisheshika in terms of metaphysics.

Shaiva philosophy

Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (philosophy)

Sāmānya (सामान्य) refers to “generality”, according to the Utpaladeva’s Vivṛti on Īśvarapratyabhijñākārikā 1.5.8-9.—Accordingly, “Even a sense organ has already been experienced before [being inferred]; for this [sense organ] is not inferred in its own specific form, but rather, as a [mere] generality (sāmānya). This is what [I] say in the Vṛtti [with the words] ‘a cause that is a mere indeterminate thing’. The object [inferred in this inference of the sense organs] is a generality (sāmānya) [that simply consists in] being a cause; [and this generality] was manifested before [the inference] in the cognition that the seed is a cause of the sprout, [or] in the cognition that clay for instance is a cause of the pot and [other such objects]. [...]”.

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Vastushastra (architecture)

Source: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (vastu)

Sāmānya (सामान्य) refers to one of the hundred types of Temples (in ancient Indian architecture), according to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.—It is quite difficult to say about a definite number of varieties of Hindu temples but in the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa hundred varieties of temples have been enumerated. For example, Sāmānya. These temples are classified according to the particular shape, amount of storeys and other common elements, such as the number of pavilions, doors and roofs.

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Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.

Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)

Source: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts

1) Sāmānya (सामान्य) or Sāmānyācāra refers to “general behavior”, as discussed in chapter 2 of the (first second of the) Śāṇḍilyasaṃhitā: a Pāñcarātra text comprising 3600 Sanskrit verses dealing with devotion towards Kṛṣṇa who is identified with the Supreme, as well as ethical behavior and pious practices to be observed by devotees (bhaktas).—Description of the chapter [sāmānya-ācāra-nirūpaṇa]: Here some general procedures are given for observing the devout life: how to keep the kitchen and its utensils clean (3-12), how to maintain dietary and commensal rules (13-24; 43-55), how to repeat and demand proper conduct and deportment from śūdras, women, as well as how to behave toward and to treat others in general (25-42). Also, some miscellaneous social behavior like hiccoughing and yawning, etc. (56-70).

2) Sāmānya (सामान्य) refers to the “ordinary bath” representing one of the two types of Snāna discussed in the tenth chapter of the Jayākhyasaṃhitā: a Pāñcarātra Āgama text composed of 4500 verses in 33 chapters dealing with topics such as mantra (formulas), japa (repetitions), dhyāna (meditations), mudrā (gesticulations), nyāsa (concentrations) etc.—Description of the chapter [snāna-vidhi]:—[...] There are two phases to the snāna-rites—sāmānya and viśiṣṭa. The steps for the first phase, which is an ordinary [sāmānya-snāna] bath, are outlined—śauca, etc. (3-15a)—and then the steps which follow for the viśiṣṭa-snāna phase of the bath with mantras, mudrās, etc., are outlined. This is to effect spiritual cleansing beyond mere physical washing (15b-44a). [...]

3) Sāmānya (सामान्य) or Sāmānyamudrā refers to one of the Mudrās (gestures) discussed in chapter 31 of the Mārkaṇḍeyasaṃhitā: a Pāñcarātra text comprising some 2200 Sanskrit verses mainly dealing with temple-building, iconography, pūjā (worship procedures), utsava (festivities) and prāyaścitta (expiatory measures).—Description of chapter [mudrā-vidhāna]: As a part of worship [pūjāṅga], it is ordained in the śāstras that certain mudrā-gestures be done to please the gods (1). The ones listed and described are [e.g., Sāmānya-mudrā] [...]. When some of these are to be used in the worship of God is given (49b-58).

context information

Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.

In Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Source: 84000: Sampuṭodbhava Tantra (Emergence from Sampuṭa)

Sāmānyā (सामान्या) refers to one of the primary thirty-two energy-channels in the body, according to the Sampuṭodbhavatantra chapter 1.—Accordingly, “[Vajragarbha asked, ‘What subtle energy channels are in the body?’]—The Blessed One said, ‘There are one hundred and twenty of them, corresponding to the divisions within the four cakras. The chief ones, those with bodhicitta as their innate nature, are thirty-two in number. They are: [i.e., Sāmānyā] [...]’.”.

context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.

Buddhist philosophy

Source: Google Books: The Treasury of Knowledge: Book six, parts one and two (philosophy)

Sāmānya (सामान्य) refers to “generally (characterized phenomena)”.—Accordingly, “The terms ‘object’ (viṣaya; yul), ‘knowable’ (jñeya; shes bya), and ‘appraisable’ (prameya; gzhal bya) are all essentially equivalent, [...] it is the defining characteristic of the ‘appraisable’ that it is to be understood through valid cognition”. When objects to be appraised (prameya; gzhal bya) are analyzed in terms of the processes of understanding, they are said to include both specifically characterized phenomena (svalakṣaṇa; rang mtshan) and generally characterized phenomena (sāmānya-lakṣaṇa; spyi mtshan).”.

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India history and geography

Source: Project Gutenberg: Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Volume 1

Samanya refers to one of the five sub-divisions of the Nambutiris (the socio-spiritual aristocracy of Malabar) according to Subramani Aiyar. Tampurakkal.—The Samanyas form the Nambutiri proletariat, from whom the study of the Vedas is all that is expected. They take up the study of mantravada (mystic enchantment), puja (temple ritual), and reciting the sacred accounts of the Avatara and astrology.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

Sāmānya.—cf. traividya-sāmānya (EI 23), cāturvedya-sāmānya; ‘belonging to’; Valabhī-cāturvidya-sāmānya, ‘one of the Catur- vedins of Valabhī’; used also in the sense of vāstavya, ‘resident of…’ (Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXIV, pp. 172, 176). Note: sāmānya is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

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The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

sāmānya (सामान्य).—n (S) Generalness, commonness, generic or specific quality; comprehension of or relation to many species or individuals; the property or sense of Kind or Sort. Ex. āmbā, pimpaḷa, tāḍa, māḍa, ityādi sarva vṛkṣāṃvara vṛkṣatva mhaṇūna ēka sā0 rāhatēṃ. 2 A figure of rhetoric. The connection of different objects by common properties.

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sāmānya (सामान्य).—a (S) Common, general, generic, belonging to all or to many. 2 Middling, indifferent, ordinary, of the common sort.

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sāmānyā (सामान्या).—f S A common woman; a slave-girl, dancing-girl, temple-girl &c. viewed as common.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

sāmānya (सामान्य).—n Commonness, a Common; middling.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Sāmanya (सामन्य).—

1) A Brāhmaṇa versed in the Sāmaveda; ऋग्यजुषमधीयानान् सामन्यांश्च सुमर्चयन् (ṛgyajuṣamadhīyānān sāmanyāṃśca sumarcayan) Bhaṭṭikāvya 4.9.

2) One skilful in chanting the verses of that Veda.

Derivable forms: sāmanyaḥ (सामन्यः).

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Sāmānya (सामान्य).—a. [samānasya bhāvaḥ ṣyañ]

1) Common, general; सामान्यमेषां प्रथमावरत्वम् (sāmānyameṣāṃ prathamāvaratvam) Kumārasambhava 7.44; आहारनिद्राभयमैथुनं च सामान्यमेतत् पशुभिर्नराणाम् (āhāranidrābhayamaithunaṃ ca sāmānyametat paśubhirnarāṇām) Subhāṣ; R.14.67; Kumārasambhava 2.26.

2) Alike, equal, same; सामान्यप्रतिपत्तिपूर्वकमियं दारेषु दृश्या त्वया (sāmānyapratipattipūrvakamiyaṃ dāreṣu dṛśyā tvayā) Ś.4.17.

3) Ordinary, of an average or middle degree; सामान्यास्तु परार्थमुद्यमभृतः स्वार्थाविरोधेन ये (sāmānyāstu parārthamudyamabhṛtaḥ svārthāvirodhena ye) Bhartṛhari 2.74.

4) Vulgar, commonplace, insignificant.

5) Entire, whole.

-nyam 1 Community, generality, universality.

2) Common or generic property, general characteristic; नित्यमेकमनेकसमवेतं सामान्यम् (nityamekamanekasamavetaṃ sāmānyam) Tarka K.

3) Totality, entireness.

4) Kind, sort.

5) Identity.

6) Equanimity, equability.

7) Public affairs.

8) A general proposition; उक्तिरर्थान्तरन्यासः स्यात् सामान्यविशेषयोः (uktirarthāntaranyāsaḥ syāt sāmānyaviśeṣayoḥ) Chandr.5.12.

9) (In Rhet.) A figure of speech thus defined by Mammaṭa:प्रस्तुतस्य यदन्येन गुणसाम्यविवक्षया । ऐकात्म्यं बध्यते योगात्तत् सामान्यमिति स्मृतम् (prastutasya yadanyena guṇasāmyavivakṣayā | aikātmyaṃ badhyate yogāttat sāmānyamiti smṛtam) || K. P.1.

1) A general statement or expression; न सामान्यं विशेषानभिवदति (na sāmānyaṃ viśeṣānabhivadati) ŚB. on MS.1.8.16.

-nyam ind. jointly, in common; तैः सार्धं चिन्तयेन्नित्यं सामान्यं संधिविग्रहम् (taiḥ sārdhaṃ cintayennityaṃ sāmānyaṃ saṃdhivigraham) Manusmṛti 7.56.

-nyā A harlot, prostitute.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Samanyā (समन्या).—false Sanskrit for Pali samaññā = samājñā, name: mss. at Mahāvastu i.351.14; Senart em. samājñā. This form, or a relative, may also have been intended by the mss. reading samanyite at Mahāvastu i.247.10 (verse), for which Senart em. samājñā (unmetrical(ly)). Cf. samajñā, and § 2.15.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Sāmanya (सामन्य).—m.

(-nyaḥ) A Brahman conversant with the Sama Veda. E. sāman, and yat aff.

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Sāmānya (सामान्य).—mfn.

(-nyaḥ-nyā-nyaṃ) Common, general, generic, universal. n.

(-nyaṃ) 1. Kind, sort, specific or generic property or character. 2. Common property, generality, community. 3. Public affairs or business. 4. Totality, entireness. 5. A figure of rhetoric, the connection of different objects by common properties. 6. A general proposition. f.

(-nyā) A female who is common to all men, a harlot. E. samāna common, (to many individuals,) ṣyañ aff.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Sāmānya (सामान्य).—i. e. samāna + ya, I. adj. 1. Common, [Hitopadeśa] i. [distich] 157, M. M.; [Nala] 13, 17; in common, [Pañcatantra] 264, 2; base, [Rājataraṅgiṇī] 5, 197; sāmānyatara, Very insignificant, not dexterous, [Pañcatantra] 133, 1. 2. Equal, [Śākuntala, (ed. Böhtlingk.)] [distich] 92. 3. Generic. 4. General, universal, whole. Ii. n. 1. Totality. 2. Public affairs, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 7, 56. 3. Equanimity, [Hitopadeśa] i. [distich] 95, M.M. 4. Common property, [Hitopadeśa] pr. [distich] 25, M.M. 5. Kind, genus, or species, Bhāṣāp. 1; 7, 63. 6. Identity, [Vedāntasāra, (in my Chrestomathy.)] in Chr. 210, 11. Iii. f. yā, A whore.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Samanya (समन्य).—[adjective] fit for a festival, festive.

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Samānyā (समान्या).—[adverb] commonly, equally.

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Sāmānya (सामान्य).—[adjective] like, similar, common to or with ([instrumental] ±saha or —°); ordinary, vulgar; general, universal. [neuter] equality, congruence, right proportion, normal condition, totality, universality. °—, [instrumental], & [ablative] in general, generally, sāmānyam [adverb] in common, together; in the manner of, like (—°).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Samanya (समन्य):—[from samana] a mfn. fit for an assembly or for a festival (as a garment), [Ṛg-veda]

2) b See p. 1154, col. 2

3) Samānyā (समान्या):—[from samāna] ind. equally, jointly, together, [Ṛg-veda; Maitrāyaṇī-saṃhitā]

4) Sāmanya (सामन्य):—[from sāman] 1. sāmanya mfn. (for 2. See [column]2) friendly, favourable (in a-s q.v.)

5) [from sāman] 2. sāmanya mfn. (for 1. See [column]1) skilful in chanting or singing, [Ṛg-veda; Bhaṭṭi-kāvya]

6) Sāmānya (सामान्य):—[from sāmāna] mf(ā)n. equal, alike, similar, [Mahābhārata; Śakuntalā]

7) [v.s. ...] shared by others, joint, common to ([instrumental case] with and without saha, or [compound]), [Yājñavalkya; Mahābhārata; Suśruta] etc.

8) [v.s. ...] whole, entire, universal, general, generic, not specific (opp. to vaiśeṣika), [Suśruta; Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā]

9) [v.s. ...] common, common-place, vulgar, ordinary, insignificant, low, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.

10) [v.s. ...] n. equality, similarity, identity, [Mahābhārata; Suśruta] etc.

11) [v.s. ...] equilibrium, normal state or condition, [Nīlakaṇṭha]

12) [v.s. ...] universality, totality, generality, general or fundamental notion, common or generic property ([in the beginning of a compound] [instrumental case], or [ablative], ‘in general’, as opp. to viśeṣa-tas, ‘in particular’), [Kaṇāda’s Vaiśeṣika-sūtra; Jaimini; Sarvadarśana-saṃgraha]

13) [v.s. ...] public affairs or business, [Horace H. Wilson]

14) [v.s. ...] (in [rhetoric]) the connection of different objects by common properties, [Kāvyaprakāśa; Kuvalayānanda]

15) Sāmānyā (सामान्या):—[from sāmānya > sāmāna] f. a common female, prostitute, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Sāmanya (सामन्य):—(nyaḥ) 1. m. A Brāhman knowing the Sāma Vedas.

2) Sāmānya (सामान्य):—[(nyaḥ-nyā-nyaṃ) a.] Common. n. Kind, sort; generality; totality; public business; figure of speech; connection of things by common properties.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Sāmānya (सामान्य) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Sāmaṇṇa.

[Sanskrit to German]

Samanya in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Sāmānya (सामान्य) [Also spelled samany]:—(a) general; common; usual; normal; routine; ~[nya jñāna] general knowledge; ~[nyatā] generality; commonness; usualness; normality; routine state or condition; ~[nya bhaviṣyat] future indefinite; ~[nya bhūta] past indefinite; generalised; ~[nya lakṣaṇa] common characteristic; ~[nya vartamāna] present indefinite; ~[nyīkaraṇa] generalisation; normalisation: ~[nyīkṛta] generalised; normalised.

context information

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Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Sāmānya (ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ):—

1) [adjective] common to all; general; not preferential or biased.

2) [adjective] of the same type, manner.

3) [adjective] of very common nature, quality; not having any special or unique quality.

4) [adjective] of low quality or lower in quality than expected or desired.

5) [adjective] entire; complete; whole.

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Sāmānya (ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ):—

1) [noun] a man of ordinary status, rank, ability, etc.

2) [noun] a person not of the nobility; member of the commonality.

3) [noun] completeness; entirety; wholeness.

4) [noun] a common or generic property.

5) [noun] a specific property.

6) [noun] the division of society into ranks or castes; a class.

7) [noun] similarity or resemblance between two different things.

8) [noun] (rhet.) the connection of different objects by common properties.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Nepali dictionary

Source: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

Sāmānya (सामान्य):—adj. 1. common; general; 2. ordinary; of an average; of middle degree; 3. commonplace; insignificant; 4. Gram. general; non-specific as to mode/time; simple (a conjugational pattern);

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

Relevant text

Search found 110 books and stories containing Samanya, Saamaanya, Sāmānya, Sāmānyā, Sāmanya, Samanyā, Samānyā, Samanyas; (plurals include: Samanyas, Saamaanyas, Sāmānyas, Sāmānyās, Sāmanyas, Samanyās, Samānyās, Samanyases). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Nature of Sāmānya (generality of universal) < [Chapter 5 - Sāmānya and Viśeṣa]

Types of Sāmānya < [Chapter 5 - Sāmānya and Viśeṣa]

Nature of Viśeṣa (particularity) < [Chapter 5 - Sāmānya and Viśeṣa]

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Text 154 < [Chapter 7 - On Sāmānya (Community)]

Text 7 < [Text 2: Source of Knowledge]

Text 144 < [Chapter 6a - On Actions]

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Universal (sāmānya) and Particularity (viśeṣa) [in Charaka philosophy] < [Chapter 2 - Fundamental Categories]

Dialectical terms [in Charaka philosophy] < [Chapter 7 - Logic and Dialectical Speculations]

Fundamental Categories (padārtha or tattva) [in Charaka philosophy] < [Chapter 2 - Fundamental Categories]

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