Romaka, Roma-ka: 17 definitions
Introduction:
Romaka means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Buddhism, Pali, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Romak.
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Rasashastra (Alchemy and Herbo-Mineral preparations)
Source: Wisdom Library: Rasa-śāstraRomaka (रोमक) is one of the four varations of Kānta, which is a type of Iron (loha), according to Indian medicinal alchemy (rasaśāstra) described in Sanskrit books such as the Rasaprakāśasudhākara. Romaka is procured from melting the stones known as Kāntapāṣāṇa, which are sometimes obtained while digging mines.
Dietetics and Culinary Art (such as household cooking)
Source: Shodhganga: Dietetics and culinary art in ancient and medieval IndiaRomaka (रोमक) refers to one of the varieties of “salt” according to Suśrutasaṃhitā Sūtrasthāna 46.336, and is commonly found in literature dealing with the topics of dietetics and culinary art, also known as Pākaśāstra or Pākakalā.—We cannot see any reference to the salt in Ṛgveda. But most of the non-Ṛgvedic Saṃhitas, Brāhmaṇas and Upaniṣads refer to salt in the name of lavaṇa or saindhava. [...] Suśruta adds some more varieties such as—[viz., Romaka].
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaRomaka (रोमक).—A country in ancient India. The inhabitants of this country were called the Romakas. Mention is made in Mahābhārata, Sabhā Parva, Chapter 51, Stanza 17, that the Romakas came with presents to the horse-sacrifice performed by Yudhiṣṭhira.
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationRomaka (रोमक) [=Ahiromaka?] is the name of a Gaṇanāyaka (“leader of Gaṇas”), according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.40 (“The Marriage Procession of Śiva”).—Accordingly, as Brahmā narrated to Nārada: “[...] Sumantra, the leader of Gaṇas, went with a crore of Gaṇas. Kākapādodara and Santānaka went each with six crores of Gaṇas. Mahābala, Madhupiṅga and Kokila each went with nine crores. Nīla and Pūrṇabhadra each went with ninety crores of Gaṇas. Caturvaktra with seven crores, Karaṇa with twenty crores and the leader of Gaṇas Ahiromaka [? gaṇeśāno hi romakaḥ ?] went with ninety crores. [...]”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by VarahamihiraRomaka (रोमक) is the name of an author of Astronomical texts, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 2), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “We shall now proceed to give a brief description of (the qualifications of) a jyotiṣaka. [...] He must have studied the works of Pauliśa, Romaka, Vasiṣṭha, Sūrya and Pitāmaha; he must have a correct, knowledge of a yuga (43,20,000 Solar years), varṣa (a solar year), āyana (6 solar months), ṛtu (2 solar months), māsa (a solar month), pakṣa (15 solar days), ahorātra (a solar day), yama (one-eighth of a solar day), muhūrta (one-thirtieth of a solar day), nāḍī (one-sixtieth of a solar day or 24 minutes), vināḍi (one sixtieth of a nāḍī or 24 seconds), prāṇa (4 seconds) truṭi (33, 75th of a second) and parts of a truṭi and other divisions of time and also of divisions of space”.
Source: Journal of South Asian Intellectual History: Samarasiṃha and the Early Transmission of Tājika AstrologyRomaka (रोमक) refers to an ancient authority on the Tājika doctrine, according to the Karmaprakāśa—one of the earliest preserved Sanskrit works on Perso-Arabic (Tājika) astrology authored by Samarasiṃha in the 13th century.—Accordingly, [the text opens with the three stanzas]: “[...] Extracting the best from that ocean of astrology which is the entire doctrine established by Śrī Garga and other sages and celebrated by Satya and other [Brahmans], made into the Tājika doctrine by Romaka and other ancient Yavanas, and bowing to the lotus feet of my teacher, I shall explain that which is always astounding to embodied beings, the flavours of food and so forth. [...]”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: archive.org: TrisastisalakapurusacaritraRomaka (रोमक) refers to a sub-division of the Mlecchas: one of the two-fold division of men born in Mānuṣottara and in the Antaradvīpas, situated in the “middle world” (madhyaloka), according to chapter 2.3 [ajitanātha-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.
Accordingly:—“In these 35 zones on this side of Mānuṣottara and in the Antaradvīpas, men arise by birth; on the mountains, Meru, etc., by kidnapping and power of learning, in the 2½ continents and in 2 oceans. [...]. From the division into Āryas and Mlecchas they are two-fold. [...] The Mlecchas—[e.g., the Romakas, ...] and other non-Āryas also are people who do not know even the word ‘dharma’”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionaryromaka : (adj.) Roman.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryRomaka, (adj.) (fr. roma) feathered (?) J. II, 383 (C. wrong!). (Page 577)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryRomaka (रोमक).—1 The city of Rome.
2) A Roman, an inhabitant of Rome (usually in pl.); Mahābhārata (Bombay) 2.51.17.
3) Name of an astronomer.
-kam 1 A kind of salt (pāṃśulavaṇa).
2) A kind of magnet.
Derivable forms: romakaḥ (रोमकः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryRomaka (रोमक).—m.
(-kaḥ) 1. The city of Rome. 2. A Roman. n.
(-kaṃ) Loadstone.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryRomaka (रोमक).—[masculine] [plural] the Romans.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus CatalogorumRomaka (रोमक) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—an astronomical author. Quoted in Śākalyasaṃhitā W. p. 232, by Varāhamihira W. p. 239, in Hāyanaratna W. p. 265, in Jñānabhāskara W. p. 287. Being a mere shadow, he comes at last to be mentioned as one of the originators of the Tājaka Peters. 2, 131.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Romaka (रोमक):—[from roma] 1. romaka m. Rome, [Siddhāntaśiromaṇi]
2) [v.s. ...] ‘the Roman’, Name of a [particular] astronomer, [Varāha-mihira]
3) [v.s. ...] Name of a village in the north of India [gana] palady-ādi
4) [v.s. ...] of a [particular] mixed caste ([varia lectio] for rāmaka), [Vasiṣṭha]
5) [v.s. ...] = romaka-siddhānta below
6) [v.s. ...] [plural] Name of a people, [Mahābhārata ii, 1837] (cf. 2. roman)
7) [v.s. ...] the people of the Roman empire, the Romans, [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā]
8) 2. romaka n. ([from] rumā) a kind of saline earth and the salt extracted from it ([according to] to some ‘the salt from the lake Sambar in Ajmere’), [Suśruta] etc. (cf. raumaka)
9) a kind of magnet, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
10) 3a See under 1. roman.
11) [from roman] 3b n. hair (= roman), [Hemādri’s Caturvarga-cintāmaṇi] ([especially] ifc. f(ikā). ).
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryRomaka (रोमक) [Also spelled romak]:—(nm) cilia.
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See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Ruma, Ka, Roman.
Starts with: Romaka Jataka, Romakacarya, Romakalavana, Romakamdara, Romakanda, Romakapattana, Romakapura, Romakarnaka, Romakasiddhanta, Romakasiddhante shrishavayanam, Romakavishaya, Romakayana.
Full-text (+30): Romakasiddhanta, Romakapattana, Raumaka, Romakavishaya, Mriduromaka, Raumakiya, Romakacarya, Miruturomakam, Patalaromaka, Romakapura, Ahiromaka, Parapata Jataka, Romakalavana, Ramalavana, Romak, Pashcattyakarasambhava, Adya, Shrishavayana, Mridulomaka, Pashcatyakarasambhava.
Relevant text
Search found 40 books and stories containing Romaka, Roma-ka, Ruma-ka, Rumā-ka; (plurals include: Romakas, kas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Bhesajjakkhandhaka (Chapter on Medicine) (by Hin-tak Sik)
Medicines (i): Salts (Loṇa/Lavaṇa) < [Chapter 4 - Medicinal Substances in the Chapter on Medicine]
Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)
Part 30: Mlecchas < [Chapter III - The initiation and omniscience of Ajita]
Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 3: Metals, Gems and other substances (by Bhudeb Mookerjee)
Part 5 - Lavana (5): Romaka (sambar-salt) < [Chapter XXIX - Lavana (salts)]
Mahabharata (English) (by Kisari Mohan Ganguli)
Section L < [Sisupala-badha Parva]
Hayanaratna: The Jewel of Annual Astrology (by Martin Gansten)
6.2. Pseudepigraphic Works Cited < [Introduction]
4. Converting the Sahamas to Ascensions (udaya) < [Chapter 4 - The Sahamas]
7. The Times of Results < [Chapter 4 - The Sahamas]
Karmic Astrology—a Study (by Sunita Anant Chavan)
Part 2.2.6 - Gaṇita of the Siddhānta Period < [Chapter 2 - Jyotiḥśāstra and the Concept of Karman]
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