Qi zhong, Qī zhòng, Qí zhōng, Qí zhòng, Qǐ zhǒng, Qì zhòng, Qì zhōng, Qī zhōng, Qǐ zhòng, Qī zhǒng: 12 definitions
Introduction:
Qi zhong means something in Buddhism, Pali. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
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In Buddhism
Chinese Buddhism
七衆 [qi zhong]—The seven classes of disciples:―(1) 比丘 [bi qiu] bhikṣu,monk; (2) bhikṣuṇī a female observer of all commandments; (3) 式叉摩那 [shi cha mo na]śikṣamāṇa, a novice, or observer of the six commandments; (4) 沙彌 [sha mi] śrāmaṇera, and (5) 沙彌尼 [sha mi ni] śrāmaṇerika, male and female observers of the minor commandments; (6) 優婆塞 [you po sai] upāsaka, male observers of the five commandments; and (7) 優婆夷 [you po yi] upāsikā, female ditto. The first five have left home, the last two remain at home. Tiantai makes nine groups by dividing the last two into four, two remaining at home, two leaving home and keeping the eight commandments. Others make four groups, i.e. (1), (2), (6), and (7) of the above. Tiantai also has a four-group.
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
七眾 [qi zhong]—Seven Assemblies—[Numerical Term] These are: 1. Bhikṣu (比丘 [bi qiu]) and 2. Bhikṣuṇi (比丘尼 [bi qiu ni]), who are males and females having received the full precepts; 3. Śikṣamāṇā (式叉摩那 [shi cha mo na]), who are female novices studying the six precepts; 4. Śrāmaṇera (沙彌 [sha mi]) and 5. Śrāmaṇerikā (沙彌尼 [sha mi ni]), who are males and females having received the minor precepts; and 6. Upāsaka (優婆塞 [you po sai]) and 7. Upāsikā (優婆夷 [you po yi]), who are males and females having received the five precepts. Among these, the first five assemblies are renunciants (monastics), while the latter two are lay practitioners. These are the Seven Assemblies commonly discussed in various sūtras and treatises. The Tiantai (天台 [tian tai]) school, in its commentary on the Vinaya (Precepts Commentary), established Nine Assemblies (九眾 [jiu zhong]) based on the Sarvāstivāda Vinaya (十誦律 [shi song lu]). The sixth of these are renunciant males, and the seventh are renunciant females; these are men and women who observe the eight precepts and fasting. The eighth and ninth are Upāsaka and Upāsikā. In this context, from Śikṣamāṇā (式叉摩那 [shi cha mo na]) downwards are referred to as the "lower Seven Assemblies." Refer to the entry for Nine Assemblies (九眾 [jiu zhong]).
七眾—【名數】一、比丘 Bhikṣu，二、比丘尼 Bhikṣuṇi，是男女之受具足戒者。三、式叉摩那 Śikṣamāṇā，沙彌尼之學六法者。四、沙彌 Śrāmaṇera，五、沙彌尼 Śrāmaṇerikā，男女之受小戒者。六、優婆塞 Upāsaka，七、優婆夷 Upāsikā。男女之受五戒者。此中上五眾出家。下二眾在家。是諸經論通說之七眾也。天台於戒疏之中依十誦律建立九眾。第六為出家男。第七為出家女。是受齋戒之男女也。第八第九為優婆塞優婆夷。此中取式叉摩那已下名為下之七眾。參照九眾條。(九眾)
[míng shù] yī,, bǐ qiū Bhikṣu, èr,, bǐ qiū ní Bhikṣuṇi, shì nán nǚ zhī shòu jù zú jiè zhě. sān,, shì chā mó nà Śikṣamāṇā, shā mí ní zhī xué liù fǎ zhě. sì,, shā mí Śrāmaṇera, wǔ,, shā mí ní Śrāmaṇerikā, nán nǚ zhī shòu xiǎo jiè zhě. liù,, yōu pó sāi Upāsaka, qī,, yōu pó yí Upāsikā. nán nǚ zhī shòu wǔ jiè zhě. cǐ zhōng shàng wǔ zhòng chū jiā. xià èr zhòng zài jiā. shì zhū jīng lùn tōng shuō zhī qī zhòng yě. tiān tái yú jiè shū zhī zhōng yī shí sòng lǜ jiàn lì jiǔ zhòng. dì liù wèi chū jiā nán. dì qī wèi chū jiā nǚ. shì shòu zhāi jiè zhī nán nǚ yě. dì bā dì jiǔ wèi yōu pó sāi yōu pó yí. cǐ zhōng qǔ shì chā mó nà yǐ xià míng wèi xià zhī qī zhòng. cān zhào jiǔ zhòng tiáo.(jiǔ zhòng)
[ming shu] yi,, bi qiu Bhiksu, er,, bi qiu ni Bhiksuni, shi nan nu zhi shou ju zu jie zhe. san,, shi cha mo na Siksamana, sha mi ni zhi xue liu fa zhe. si,, sha mi Sramanera, wu,, sha mi ni Sramanerika, nan nu zhi shou xiao jie zhe. liu,, you po sai Upasaka, qi,, you po yi Upasika. nan nu zhi shou wu jie zhe. ci zhong shang wu zhong chu jia. xia er zhong zai jia. shi zhu jing lun tong shuo zhi qi zhong ye. tian tai yu jie shu zhi zhong yi shi song lu jian li jiu zhong. di liu wei chu jia nan. di qi wei chu jia nu. shi shou zhai jie zhi nan nu ye. di ba di jiu wei you po sai you po yi. ci zhong qu shi cha mo na yi xia ming wei xia zhi qi zhong. can zhao jiu zhong tiao.(jiu zhong)
七眾 t = 七众 s = qī zhòng p refers to [proper noun] “sevenfold assembly”; Domain: Buddhism 佛教 [fu jiao]; Notes: Namely: 1. Biksu 比丘 [bi qiu]; 2. bhiksuni 比丘尼 [bi qiu ni]; 3. sramanera 沙弥 [sha mi]; 4. sramanerika 沙弥尼 [sha mi ni]; 5. siksamana 式叉摩那 [shi cha mo na]; 6. upasaka 优婆塞 [you po sai]; 7. upasika 优婆夷 [you po yi] (FGDB '七眾 [qi zhong]') .
Chinese Buddhism (漢傳佛教, hanchuan fojiao) is the form of Buddhism that developed in China, blending Mahayana teachings with Daoist and Confucian thought. Its texts are mainly in Classical Chinese, based on translations from Sanskrit. Major schools include Chan (Zen), Pure Land, Tiantai, and Huayan. Chinese Buddhism has greatly influenced East Asian religion and culture.
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[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
其中 [qí zhōng] [qi zhong]—
Among them, in the middle of this. From The Analects《論語 [lun yu]》, "Weizheng"《為政 [wei zheng]》: "When one's words are few in error, and one's actions are few in regret, emolument is found therein." From Chapter 35《第三五回 [di san wu hui]》 of The Scholars《儒林外史 [ru lin wai shi]》: "Although Qingqiu's writings《青邱文字 [qing qiu wen zi]》 contain no words slandering the imperial court《朝廷 [chao ting]》, since Emperor Taizu《太祖 [tai zu]》 detested his character, and it is now a forbidden book《禁書 [jin shu]》, Sir, you might as well not read his works."
其中：當中，在這中間。《論語．為政》：「言寡尤，行寡悔，祿在其中矣。」《儒林外史》第三五回：「青邱文字，雖其中並無毀謗朝廷的言語，既然太祖惡其為人，且現在又是禁書，先生就不看他的著作也罷。」
qí zhōng: dāng zhōng, zài zhè zhōng jiān. < lùn yǔ． wèi zhèng>: “yán guǎ yóu, xíng guǎ huǐ, lù zài qí zhōng yǐ.” < rú lín wài shǐ> dì sān wǔ huí: “qīng qiū wén zì, suī qí zhōng bìng wú huǐ bàng cháo tíng de yán yǔ, jì rán tài zǔ è qí wèi rén, qiě xiàn zài yòu shì jìn shū, xiān shēng jiù bù kàn tā de zhe zuò yě bà.”
qi zhong: dang zhong, zai zhe zhong jian. < lun yu. wei zheng>: "yan gua you, xing gua hui, lu zai qi zhong yi." < ru lin wai shi> di san wu hui: "qing qiu wen zi, sui qi zhong bing wu hui bang chao ting de yan yu, ji ran tai zu e qi wei ren, qie xian zai you shi jin shu, xian sheng jiu bu kan ta de zhe zuo ye ba."
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
綦重 [qí zhòng] [qi zhong]—
Very important, extremely important. For example: 'The responsibility (責任 [ze ren]) is extremely heavy/important.'
綦重：非常重要、極為重要。如：「責任綦重」。
qí zhòng: fēi cháng zhòng yào,, jí wèi zhòng yào. rú: “zé rèn qí zhòng” .
qi zhong: fei chang zhong yao,, ji wei zhong yao. ru: "ze ren qi zhong" .
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
企踵 [qǐ zhǒng] [qi zhong]—
To lift one's heels. Describes a look of eager anticipation. From Hanshu 《漢書 [han shu]》, Volume 78, "Biography of Xiao Wangzhi" 《蕭望之傳 [xiao wang zhi chuan]》: "The scholars of the world 天下之士 [tian xia zhi shi] stretch their necks and lift their heels 延頸 [yan jing], competing to offer their services to assist the wise and enlightened ruler." From Wenxuan 《文選 [wen xuan]》, Liu Kun's 劉琨 [liu kun] "Memorial Urging Accession to the Throne" 《勸進表 [quan jin biao]》: "Once the righteous wind 義風 [yi feng] spreads, then distant regions 遐方 [xia fang] will lift their heels (in anticipation)."
企踵：提起腳跟。形容急切盼望的樣子。《漢書．卷七八．蕭望之傳》：「天下之士延頸企踵，爭願自效以輔高明。」《文選．劉琨．勸進表》：「義風既暢，則遐方企踵。」
qǐ zhǒng: tí qǐ jiǎo gēn. xíng róng jí qiè pàn wàng de yàng zi. < hàn shū． juǎn qī bā． xiāo wàng zhī chuán>: “tiān xià zhī shì yán jǐng qǐ zhǒng, zhēng yuàn zì xiào yǐ fǔ gāo míng.” < wén xuǎn． liú kūn． quàn jìn biǎo>: “yì fēng jì chàng, zé xiá fāng qǐ zhǒng.”
qi zhong: ti qi jiao gen. xing rong ji qie pan wang de yang zi. < han shu. juan qi ba. xiao wang zhi chuan>: "tian xia zhi shi yan jing qi zhong, zheng yuan zi xiao yi fu gao ming." < wen xuan. liu kun. quan jin biao>: "yi feng ji chang, ze xia fang qi zhong."
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
契重 [qì zhòng] [qi zhong]—
To hold in high regard; to value highly.
From Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio, Volume 3, "Liancheng": "喬生 [qiao sheng] (Qiáo Shēng), a native of 晉寧 [jin ning] (Jinning), had a reputation for talent from a young age... The 邑宰 [yi zai] (county magistrate) held him in high regard for his literary abilities."
From The Travels of Lao Can, Chapter 18: "You, my friend (老哥 [lao ge]), have never given anyone money, so how is it that even those in power (上臺 [shang tai]) hold you in high regard? This shows that not everyone in the world is mercenary (見錢眼開 [jian qian yan kai])!"
契重：器重。《聊齋志異．卷三．連城》：「喬生，晉寧人，少負才名。……邑宰以文相契重。」《老殘遊記》第一八回：「老哥沒有送過人的錢，何以上臺也會契重你？可見天下人不全是見錢眼開的喲！」
qì zhòng: qì zhòng. < liáo zhāi zhì yì． juǎn sān． lián chéng>: “qiáo shēng, jìn níng rén, shǎo fù cái míng.……yì zǎi yǐ wén xiāng qì zhòng.” < lǎo cán yóu jì> dì yī bā huí: “lǎo gē méi yǒu sòng guò rén de qián, hé yǐ shàng tái yě huì qì zhòng nǐ? kě jiàn tiān xià rén bù quán shì jiàn qián yǎn kāi de yō! ”
qi zhong: qi zhong. < liao zhai zhi yi. juan san. lian cheng>: "qiao sheng, jin ning ren, shao fu cai ming.......yi zai yi wen xiang qi zhong." < lao can you ji> di yi ba hui: "lao ge mei you song guo ren de qian, he yi shang tai ye hui qi zhong ni? ke jian tian xia ren bu quan shi jian qian yan kai de yo! "
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
器重 [qì zhòng] [qi zhong]—
Value his/her talent (才能 [cai neng]). From "Book of Jin" (晉書 [jin shu]), Volume 80 (卷八 [juan ba]○), "Biography of Wang Xizhi" (王羲之傳 [wang xi zhi chuan]): "He was deeply esteemed by his paternal uncles (從伯 [cong bo]) Dun (敦 [dun]) and Dao (導 [dao])." From "Traces of Flowers and the Moon" (花月痕 [hua yue hen]), Chapter 4 (第四回 [di si hui]): "He was able to exclusively raise (專籌 [zhuan chou]) military funds (軍餉 [jun xiang]) for various routes (各道 [ge dao]); this was all strongly supported (贊成 [zan cheng]) by Han Hesheng (韓荷生 [han he sheng]), which is why the Governor-General (經略 [jing lue]) highly valued him (十分 [shi fen])."
器重：重視其才能。《晉書．卷八○．王羲之傳》：「深為從伯敦、導所器重。」《花月痕》第四回：「得以專籌各道軍餉，此皆韓荷生一力贊成，經略所以十分器重。」
qì zhòng: zhòng shì qí cái néng. < jìn shū． juǎn bā○． wáng xī zhī chuán>: “shēn wèi cóng bó dūn,, dǎo suǒ qì zhòng.” < huā yuè hén> dì sì huí: “dé yǐ zhuān chóu gè dào jūn xiǎng, cǐ jiē hán hé shēng yī lì zàn chéng, jīng lüè suǒ yǐ shí fēn qì zhòng.”
qi zhong: zhong shi qi cai neng. < jin shu. juan ba○. wang xi zhi chuan>: "shen wei cong bo dun,, dao suo qi zhong." < hua yue hen> di si hui: "de yi zhuan chou ge dao jun xiang, ci jie han he sheng yi li zan cheng, jing lue suo yi shi fen qi zhong."
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
蟿螽 [qì zhōng] [qi zhong]—
An animal name (動物名 [dong wu ming]). A type of insect (昆蟲 [kun chong]). It has a long body (體形長 [ti xing zhang]), is green (綠色 [lu se]) or yellowish-brown (黃褐色 [huang he se]), and its head (頭 [tou]) is long and conical (長圓錐形 [zhang yuan zhui xing]). It has short antennae (觸角短 [chu jiao duan]) and compound eyes (複眼 [fu yan]). Its hind legs (後肢 [hou zhi]) are long (長 [zhang]) and it is good at jumping (善跳躍 [shan tiao yue]). It makes a squeaking sound (吱吱聲 [zhi zhi sheng]) when flying (飛 [fei]).
蟿螽：動物名。一種昆蟲。體形長，綠色或黃褐色，頭為長圓錐形，觸角短，有複眼。後肢長，善跳躍。飛時發出吱吱聲。
qì zhōng: dòng wù míng. yī zhǒng kūn chóng. tǐ xíng zhǎng, lǜ sè huò huáng hè sè, tóu wèi zhǎng yuán zhuī xíng, chù jiǎo duǎn, yǒu fù yǎn. hòu zhī zhǎng, shàn tiào yuè. fēi shí fā chū zhī zhī shēng.
qi zhong: dong wu ming. yi zhong kun chong. ti xing zhang, lu se huo huang he se, tou wei zhang yuan zhui xing, chu jiao duan, you fu yan. hou zhi zhang, shan tiao yue. fei shi fa chu zhi zhi sheng.
1) 其中 ts = qí zhōng p refers to “among/in/included among these”.
2) 器重 ts = qì zhòng p refers to “to regard sth as valuable; to think highly of (a younger person, a subordinate etc)”..
3) 期中 ts = qī zhōng p refers to “interim/midterm”..
4) 期終 t = 期终 s = qī zhōng p refers to “end of a fixed term”..
5) 起種 t = 起种 s = qǐ zhǒng p refers to “starter (for sourdough breadmaking)”..
6) 起重 ts = qǐ zhòng p refers to “to lift (sth heavy) using a crane or other mechanical means”..
其中 ts = qí zhōng p refers to [noun] “among”; Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 [xian dai han yu]; Notes: (CC-CEDICT '其中 [qi zhong]'; Guoyu '其中 [qi zhong]'; Mathews 1931 '其中 [qi zhong]', p. 68) .
1) 器重 [qì zhòng] refers to: “fully acknowledge and respect someone's abilities”.
器重 is further associated with the following language/terms:
[Vietnamese] khí trọng.
[Korean] 기중 / gijung.
[Japanese] キジュウ / kijū.
2) 其中 [qí zhōng] refers to: “in this”.
其中 is further associated with the following language/terms:
[Related Chinese terms] 於是; 於此; 此時; 至此.
[Sanskrit] asmin.
[Vietnamese] kỳ trung.
[Korean] 기중 / gijung.
[Japanese] キチュウ / kichū.
3) 七衆 [qī zhòng] refers to: “seven groups (of Buddhist disciples)”.
七衆 is further associated with the following language/terms:
[Related Chinese terms] 七部.
[Sanskrit] sapta-naikāyika; sapta-nairyāṇika; saptabauddha-parṣadāḥ.
[Tibetan] 'khor rnam bdun; sde tsan bdun po dag.
[Vietnamese] thất chúng.
[Korean] 칠중 / chiljung.
[Japanese] シチシュ / shichishu.
4) 七種 [qī zhǒng] refers to: “seven kinds”.
七種 is further associated with the following language/terms:
[Sanskrit] sapta-prakāra.
[Vietnamese] thất chủng.
[Korean] 칠종 / chil jong.
[Japanese] シチシュ / shichi shu.
5) 七重 [qī zhòng] refers to: “seven layers”.
七重 is further associated with the following language/terms:
[Vietnamese] thất trọng.
[Korean] 칠중 / chiljung.
[Japanese] シチジュウ / shichijū.
Chinese language.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): Qi, Zhong, Jiao zhong.
Starts with (+23): Qi zhong a luo han, Qi zhong ban, Qi zhong bian, Qi zhong bu hai, Qi zhong bu jing, Qi zhong bu shi, Qi zhong chan hui xin, Qi zhong dao, Qi zhong dao chang, Qi zhong de, Qi zhong di yi yi, Qi zhong di zi, Qi zhong ding ming, Qi zhong duan mie, Qi zhong er di, Qi zhong fang bian, Qi zhong ji, Qi zhong jie, Qi zhong jie sheng, Qi zhong kao shi.
Full-text (+2099): Zhong qi, Yan jing qi zhong, Qi zhong xing shu, Qi zhong ban, Qi zhong ni shui, Qi zhong yi, Qi zhong sheng si, Qi zhong bu jing, Qi zhong bu shi, Qi zhong li fu, Qi zhong bian, Qi zhong she, Qi zhong zi xing, Qi zhong wu shang, Qi zhong chan hui xin, Qi zhong yu, Qi zhong ren, Qi zhong wu chang, Qi zhong er di, Qi zhong shi.
Relevant text
Search found 11 books and stories containing Qi zhong, Qī zhòng, Qí zhōng, Qí zhòng, Qǐ zhǒng, Qì zhòng, Qì zhōng, Qī zhōng, Qǐ zhòng, Qī zhǒng, Qīzhòng, Qizhong, Qízhōng, Qízhòng, Qǐzhǒng, Qìzhòng, Qìzhōng, Qīzhōng, Qǐzhòng, Qīzhǒng, 七眾, 七種, 七衆, 七重, 企踵, 其中, 器重, 契重, 期中, 期終, 期终, 綦重, 蟿螽, 起种, 起種, 起重; (plurals include: Qi zhongs, Qī zhòngs, Qí zhōngs, Qí zhòngs, Qǐ zhǒngs, Qì zhòngs, Qì zhōngs, Qī zhōngs, Qǐ zhòngs, Qī zhǒngs, Qīzhòngs, Qizhongs, Qízhōngs, Qízhòngs, Qǐzhǒngs, Qìzhòngs, Qìzhōngs, Qīzhōngs, Qǐzhòngs, Qīzhǒngs). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Taisho: Chinese Buddhist Canon
Chapter 25: The Chapter on Jewel Offering < [Part 158 - Karunapundarika-sutra (unkown translator)]
The Mandhata-avadana (Scroll 5) < [Part 165 - The Mandhata-avadana]
Sutta 8: The City of a Cakravartin and the Seven Jewels < [Part 125 - Ekottara-Agama (Numbered Discourses)]
Becoming Animal < [Volume 10, Issue 6 (2019)]
Paramārtha’s Ultimate Truth and the Development of Chinese... < [Volume 13, Issue 1 (2022)]
Syncretism in Exegesis < [Volume 15, Issue 4 (2024)]
A Dictionary Of Chinese Buddhist Terms (by William Edward Soothill)
Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva (Sutra of the Great Vow)
Chapter 13 - Entrusting People and Devas < [Scroll 2]
Chapter 5 - The Names of the Hells < [Scroll 1]
On the Form and Function of Sanskrit Akṣara in Prajñā-pāramitā-Sūtras and Śāstras < [Volume 80 (2020)]
The Towers of Yue < [Volume 71 (2010)]
Hualin International Journal of Buddhist Studies
Reception History and Limits of Interpretation < [Hualin International Journal of Buddhist Studies 1.1 (2018)]
From Huisong 慧嵩 (fl. 511–560) to Xuanzang 玄奘 (602?–664) < [Hualin International Journal of Buddhist Studies 4.2 (2021)]
Liuli in Buddhist Rituals and Art in Medieval China 中古中國佛教儀式與藝術中的琉璃 < [Hualin International Journal of Buddhist Studies 1.2 (2018)]