Pujana, Pūjana, Pūjanā: 23 definitions
Introduction:
Pujana means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Pujan.
Images (photo gallery)
In Hinduism
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Pūjana (पूजन) refers to a classification of pūjā (ritualistic worship) according to the Kāmikāgama.—The Āgamas have several different classifications of nityapūjā (daily worship), based on the number of offerings, frequency, time duration and so on. The nomenclature also varies between Āgamas. The essence however is similar. Pūjana is mentioned in the Kāmikāgama (v. 4.376), Kāraṇāgama (30.405), Dīptāgama (26.1) and Makuṭāgama (3.32) as “that which ends with naivedya”. Pūjana is also mentioned in the Suprabhedāgama (7.1) as “the pūjā that includes naivedya”.
Pūjana (पूजन) or Śivapūjana refers to “Śiva’s worship”, according to Appaya’s Śivārkamaṇidīpikā on the Brahmasūtra 2.2.38.—Appaya does not seem willing to ascribe full ‘vedicness’ to Śaivāgamas, as is clear from the following passage in his subcommentary on the same sūtra: “So it is concluded that the Śaivāgamas follow śruti with regard to the various ways of performing [Śiva’s] worship [i.e., śiva-pūjana] and Śiva’s greatness—both [features] not being taught in directly perceivable śruti [i.e. the Vedic saṃhitās]—just like Kalpasūtras (whose purpose is to expand upon different parts required by the performance of rituals, of which just a few procedures are taught in directly perceivable śruti) follow śruti with regard to various parts not taught in directly perceivable śruti. Therefore, all things taught in the Veda and Śaivāgamas are exactly the same. But the following is the difference: while in [the case of] Kalpasūtras, it is possible to doubt, with regard to those parts that are contradicted by directly perceivable śruti, that the [human] author may have committed an error, such doubt is not possible in the case of āgamas insofar as they have Śiva as their author”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Pūjana (पूजन) [=Pūja?] refers to “worshipping”, according to Kāśīnātha Upādhye’s Dharmasindhu, a commentary on the Rāma Daivajña’s Muhūrtacintāmaṇi (an astrological work).—Accordingly, “[...] The water clock [i.e., ghaṭīyantra], thus calibrated, should be placed in a copper basin or clay basin, full of water, when half of the Sun’s orb has risen or set. There this sacred formula is recited. ‘You have been created long time ago by Brahmā as the foremost among the [time measuring] instruments. For the sake of the state of [their] becoming a married couple you be the means of measuring time’. With this sacred formula, preceded by the worship of Gaṇeśa and Varuṇa [i.e., gaṇeśa-varuṇa-pūjana-pūrvaka], the bowl should be placed [on the water in the basin]. If the bowl thus placed moves to the south-east, south, south-west, or north-west of the basin, it is not auspicious. If it stays in the middle, or moves to other directions, it is auspicious. Likewise, if it fills [and sinks] in the five directions starting from the southeast, it is not auspicious. Thus the discussion of the water clock. [...]”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Sports, Arts and Entertainment (wordly enjoyments)
Pūjana (पूजन) refers to a “hen sparrow” (whose meat is used in the treatment of hawks), according to the Śyainika-śāstra: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by Rājā Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.—Accordingly, [while discussing the treatment of hawks]: “[...] If the disease is caused by a general wasting of the system, [...] the proper thing to do is [...] to administer the fresh meat of a hen sparrow (pūjana); or, the flesh of hogs may also be given in small quantities according to the strength of the bird; or, the flesh of birds mixed with cow-butter. Warm-water is to be given with discretion, and, after that, water mixed with camphor, from time to time”.
This section covers the skills and profiencies of the Kalas (“performing arts”) and Shastras (“sciences”) involving ancient Indian traditions of sports, games, arts, entertainment, love-making and other means of wordly enjoyments. Traditionally these topics were dealt with in Sanskrit treatises explaing the philosophy and the justification of enjoying the pleasures of the senses.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Pūjana (पूजन) refers to the “adoration of deities (such as Viṣṇu, Sūrya, Gaṇeśa, etc.)”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.5.5 (“The Tripuras are fascinated).—Accordingly, as Sanatkumāra narrated to Vyāsa: “O sage, addressing the lord of the Asuras and the citizens thus, the sage with his disciples spoiled the Vedic rites in a determined manner. [...] Worship of Śiva, propitiation of his phallic form, adoration (pūjana) of Viṣṇu, Sun, Gaṇeśa and other deities in accordance with the sacred texts [viṣṇusūryagaṇeśādipūjanaṃ vidhipūrvakam] were repudiated by him. The heretic sage, an expert in wielding magic art, foremost among the deceptive, criticised the ceremonial ablutions and charitable gifts that are made on auspicious occasions. [...]”
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Pūjana (पूजन) refers to “worship”, according to the Guru-maṇḍala-arcana [i.e., “Guru Mandala Worship]” ritual often performed in combination with the Cakrasaṃvara Samādhi, which refers to the primary pūjā and sādhanā practice of Newah Mahāyāna-Vajrayāna Buddhists in Nepal.—Accordingly, “Oṃ this here, all this rank of a Buddha, as well as for your worship (pūjana), a crown sprung from five families. Accept the greatest crown of all Buddhas Svāhā!”.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
General definition (in Buddhism)
Pūjanā (पूजना, “honouring”) represents one of the “sevent supreme offerings” (saptavidhā-anuttarapūjā) as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha (section 14). The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (e.g., saptavidhā-anuttarapūjā and Pūjanā). The work is attributed to Nagarguna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
pūjanā : (f.) veneration; homage; devotional offering.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
pūjana (पूजन).—n (S) Worshiping, adoring, rendering homage.
pūjana (पूजन).—n Worshipping, adoring.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Pūjana (पूजन).—[pūj bhāve lyuṭ]
1) Worshipping, honouring, adoring; देवद्विजगुरुप्राज्ञपूजनं (devadvijaguruprājñapūjanaṃ) ...... तप उच्यते (tapa ucyate) Bhagavadgītā (Bombay) 17.14.
2) Treating with respect, entertaining, hospitality.
3) An object of reverence.
-nā same as पूजनम् (pūjanam); अहो देहप्रदानेन दर्शिताऽतिथिपूजना (aho dehapradānena darśitā'tithipūjanā) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 12.147.8.
-nī A hen-sparrow.
Derivable forms: pūjanam (पूजनम्).
Pūjanā (पूजना).—(= Pali id.; in Sanskrit only °na, nt., recorded), worship, reverence: Saddharmapuṇḍarīka 144.3; 148.6 (both prose); Lalitavistara 282.8 (verse).
Pūjana (पूजन).—n.
(-naṃ) Worship, worshiping: see pūjā. f. (-nī) A sparrow. E. pūj to worship, and lyuṭ aff.
Pūjana (पूजन).—[pūj + ana], I. n. Honouring, worshipping, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 4, 152. Ii. f. nī, The name of a female bird (in a legend).
Pūjana (पूजन).—[neuter] worship, veneration.
1) Pūjana (पूजन):—[from pūjaka > pūj] n. reverencing, honouring, worship, respect, attention, hospitable reception, [ib.] (-mālikā f. Name of [work])
2) [v.s. ...] an object of reverence, [Pāṇini 8-1, 67]
Pūjana (पूजन):—(naṃ) 1. n. Worship, respect.
Pūjana (पूजन):—(wie eben) n.
1) a) das Verehren, Ehren, Auszeichnen [Amarakoṣa 3, 4, 24, 158.] devatānām [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 4, 152.] pitṛ [3, 262.] devadvijaguruprājña [Bhagavadgītā 17, 14.] atithi [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 3, 70. 106.] ekasyā eva pūjanārthe bahuvacanam [Yāska’s Nirukta 12, 7.] pūjane svati [Amarakoṣa 3, 5, 5.] — b) eine Sache, die Jmd ehrt: pūjanātpūjitamanudāttaṃ kāṣṭhādibhyaḥ [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 8, 1, 67.] —
2) f. ī Nomen proprium eines Vogelweibchens, einer Freundin des Königs Brahmadatta, [Mahābhārata 12, 5136. fgg.] [Harivaṃśa.1135] ; vgl. pūjanīyā . Nach [Bharata] zu [Amarakoṣa] Sperlingsweibchen. — Vgl. śāci .
Pūjana (पूजन):——
1) n. — a) das Verehren , Ehren , Auszeichnen ; mit Gen. oder am Ende eines Comp. — b) eine Sache , die Jmd ehrt. —
2) f. ī Nomen proprium eines Vogelweibchens ; einer Freundin des Fürsten Brahmadatta.
Pūjana (पूजन) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Pujjaṇa, Pūaṇa, Pūaṇā, Pūyāvaṇā.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
1) Pūjana (पूजन) [Also spelled pujan]:—(nm) worship, adoring; -[paddhati/-vidhi] liturgy; cult.
2) Pūjanā (पूजना) [Also spelled pujna]:—(v) to worship, to adore; to revere, to respect; (a wish etc.) to be fulfilled/gratified.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Pūjana (ಪೂಜನ):—[noun] = ಪೂಜನೆ [pujane].
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Pūjana (पूजन):—n. 1. worshipping; adoring; honoring; 2. honor; respect; regard; reverence;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Pujanama, Pujanamalika, Pujanaprayogasamgraha, Pujanarthaya.
Full-text (+118): Atithipujana, Sampujana, Pratipujana, Paripujana, Pitripujana, Matripujana, Shashthipujana, Rudrapujana, Ganapatipujana, Vastupujana, Shivapujana, Holikapujana, Pujanamalika, Lakshmipujana, Vishnupujana, Shacipujana, Vedoktashivapujana, Sarvadevatapushpadipujana, Jatipujana, Gandhapujana.
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Search found 66 books and stories containing Pujana, Pūjana, Pūjanā, Pūjaṇa; (plurals include: Pujanas, Pūjanas, Pūjanās, Pūjaṇas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 281 < [Hindi-Marathi-English Volume 2]
Page 268 < [Hindi-Malayalam-English Volume 2]
Page 368 < [Hindi-Malayalam-English Volume 2]
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 4.1.9 < [Chapter 1 - The Story of the Personified Vedas]
Verse 6.19.22 < [Chapter 19 - In the First Fortress of Dvārakā, the Glories of Līlā-sarovara, etc.]
Verse 1.12.30 < [Chapter 12 - Description of Śrī Nanda’s Festival]
Bhagavad-gita (with Vaishnava commentaries) (by Narayana Gosvami)
Verse 17.14 < [Chapter 17 - Śraddhā-traya-vibhāga-yoga]
Verse 3.12 < [Chapter 3 - Karma-yoga (Yoga through the Path of Action)]
Markandeya Purana (Study) (by Chandamita Bhattacharya)
4. Worship of Sūrya < [Chapter 3]
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Dhammapada (Illustrated) (by Ven. Weagoda Sarada Maha Thero)
Verse 106 - The Story of Venerable Sāriputta’s Uncle < [Chapter 8 - Sahassa Vagga (Thousands)]
Verse 107 - The Story of Venerable Sāriputta’s Nephew < [Chapter 8 - Sahassa Vagga (Thousands)]