Pravritta, Pravṛtta: 20 definitions
Introduction:
Pravritta means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Pravṛtta can be transliterated into English as Pravrtta or Pravritta, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Pravratt.
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
1) Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त) refers to one of the three limbs of ullopyaka, according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 31. Ullopyaka refers to on the seven types of song (gitaka).
2) Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त) refers to one of the main three main classifications of the catuṣpadā type of song, according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 31. Accordingly, “the catuṣpadā of the sthitā class will have a quick tempo, and that of the pravṛttā class a slow tempo and the catuṣpadā of the sthita-pravṛttā class will have a medium tempo, and the tāla there, will be the cañcatpuṭaḥ as well as the cāpapuṭaḥ, and their pātas will be in double kalās”.
3) Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त) refers to one of the four limbs (aṅga) belonging to Prāveśikī type of song (dhruvā) defined in the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 32.9-16. Accordingly, “depending on different conditions, the dhruvās are known to be of five classes”.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
1) Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त).—Complete; cf. अथ य प्रवृत्त अथे अमिताक्षरेषु ग्रन्थेषु वाक्यपूरणा आगच्छन्ति पदपू-रणास्ते (atha ya pravṛtta athe amitākṣareṣu grantheṣu vākyapūraṇā āgacchanti padapū-raṇāste), Nir. I. 9;
2) Pravṛtta.—Which has pre-Sented itself, which has become applicable; the word is used in connection with a grammatical rule or operation ; cf. एवं च कृत्वा धर्मशास्त्रं प्रवृत्तम् (evaṃ ca kṛtvā dharmaśāstraṃ pravṛttam) ; M. Bh. on P. I. 2.64 Vart.39; समुदाये व्राह्मणशब्दः प्रवृतेवयवेष्वपि वर्तते जातिहीने गुणहीने च । (samudāye vrāhmaṇaśabdaḥ pravṛtevayaveṣvapi vartate jātihīne guṇahīne ca |) M.Bh. on II. 2.6; cf. दीर्घस्य यण् ह्रस्व इति प्रवृत्तं (dīrghasya yaṇ hrasva iti pravṛttaṃ), M. Bh. on P. VI.1.77; also cf. यद्यपि ङिच्चेत्ययमपवादः (yadyapi ṅiccetyayamapavādaḥ) ... तातङि मन्थरं प्रवृत्तः परेण बाध्यते (tātaṅi mantharaṃ pravṛttaḥ pareṇa bādhyate) S. K. on P.VII.1.35.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त).—All religious ceremonies are divided into two classes, Pravṛtta and Nivṛtta. All ceremonies connected with worldly life are classed under Pravṛtta and those of a spiritual nature under Nivṛtta. (Chapter 262, Agni Purāṇa).
Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त) refers to “direct action”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.2.29. Accordingly as Brahmā narrated to Nārada:—“[...] Then inciting the fury of Dakṣa further, she said to Viṣṇu and all other Devas and sages unhesitatingly.. Satī said:—‘[...] In the Vedas two sorts of actions are ordained—direct (pravṛtta) and renunciatory (nivṛtta). Scholars differentiate between these two and hold that they cannot be simultaneous and they cannot occur in a single entity. But in Śiva the great Brahman, these actions do not have any effect’”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Pravṛttā (प्रवृत्ता) refers to “she who is active (in the utterance of mantra that)”, according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, “[...] Her form is the Triangle and her plane unlimited ability. She is enflamed by the burning Point. Causing (nectar) to flow, she floods the entire plane of the universe with dense currents of nectar. Active in the utterance (of mantra that takes place) in the centre (madhya-uccāra-pravṛttā), she pervades all things with the mass of (her) red and beautiful rays. [...]”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Kavya (poetry)
Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त) refers to “(entertaining the desire of) becoming (someone’s lover)”, according to Bāṇa’s Kādambarī (p. 226).—There are apparently several Tantric rites that Bāṇa pejoratively associates with the priest: [...] “he had written down the [work known as ] the ‘Doctrine of Mahākāla’ instructed to him by a withered Mahāpāśupata mendicant”; “he was one in whom the disease of talking about [finding] treasure had arisen”; “in him the wind [disease] of alchemy had grown”; “he entertained the deluded desire of becoming (pravṛtta) the lover of a Yakṣa maiden”.
Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.
Kama-shastra (the science of Love-making)
Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त) refers to “those (worldly) things which are often done” (as opposed to Apravṛtta), according to the Vātsyāyana’s Kāmasūtra: a Sanskrit text from the 2nd century dealing with eroticism, sexuality and emotional fulfillment in life belonging to Kāmaśāstra (the ancient Indian science of love-making).—Accordingly, “Dharma is obedience to the command of the Śāstra (or Holy Writ of the Hindus) to do certain things, such as the performance of sacrifices, which are not generally done (apravṛtta), because they do not belong to this world, and produce no visible effect; and not to do other things, such as eating meat, which is often done (pravṛtta) because it belongs to this world, and has visible effects”.
Kamashastra (कामशास्त्र, kāmaśāstra) deals with ancient Indian science of love-making, passion, emotions and other related topics dealing with the pleasures of the senses.
Shaiva philosophy
Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त) refers to “being engaged in action” (as opposed to Apravṛtta—not engaged in action), according to Bhaṭṭa Rāmakaṇṭha’s 10th-century Tattvatrayanirṇayavivṛti—a commentary on the 7th-century Tattvatrayanirṇaya by Sadyojyoti which discusses philosophical aspects of Śiva including the theories of Puruṣas (souls), Māyā (primal matter) and Mala (the innate impurity afflicting souls).—Accordingly [while commeting on verse 3 of the root text]: “[...] Whoever is the controlling agent of the factors that govern a verbal action, whether in setting in motion or in cessation, whether or not he happens to be engaged in action (pravṛtta) or not engaged (apravṛtta), he is the factor governing a verbal action which we call the agent (kartṛ)”. [pravṛttau vā nivṛttau vā kārakāṇāṃ ya īśvaraḥ | apravṛttaḥ pravṛtto vā sa kartā nāma kārakaḥ || iti |].—[Note: The point of citing this verse must be to justify the impossibility of Māyā (primal matter) being an agent in the primary sense.]
Shaiva philosophy is a spritiual tradition within Hinduism that includes theories such as the relationship between the Atman (individual soul) and Siva, the nature of liberation (moksha), and the concepts of maya (illusion) and shakti (divine energy). Saiva philosophy teaches that union with Shiva can be achieved through knowledge, devotion, and spiritual practice. It encompasses major branches like Shaiva Siddhanta and Kashmir Shaivism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त).—p (S) Set on foot; put in motion; established, fixed. 2 Engaged in; occupant about; entered or embarked upon. 3 Worldly, secular, temporal, relating to the affairs of life.
--- OR ---
prāvṛtta (प्रावृत्त).—p S Covered, clothed around: also encompassed.
pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त).—p Set on foot. Engaged in Worldly.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त).—p. p.
1) Begun, commenced, proceeded with.
2) Set in; अचिरप्रवृत्तं ग्रीष्मसमयमधिकृत्य (acirapravṛttaṃ grīṣmasamayamadhikṛtya) Ś.1.
3) Engaged in, occupied with.
4) Going to, bound for.
5) Fixed, settled, determined.
6) Unimpeded, undisputed.
7) Round.
8) Flowing, running; प्रवृत्तमुदकं वायु सर्वं वानेय- माश्रयेत् (pravṛttamudakaṃ vāyu sarvaṃ vāneya- māśrayet) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 14.46.12.
9) Circulated (as a book).
1) Offending, hurting.
-ttaḥ A round ornament.
-ttam An action, undertaking.
Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त).—mfn.
(-ttaḥ-ttā-ttaṃ) 1. Fixed, settled, determined, done. 2. Engaged in, undertaking, occupied by. 3. Begun, beginning. 4. Doing, acting. 5. Undisputed, (as dominion.) 6. Round, globular. m.
(-raḥ) A round ornament. E. pra before, vṛt to be, aff. kta; form irr.
Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त).—[adjective] having turned forward, advanced, set out, come forth, arisen, appeared, happened; being, existing; (having) begun, going to, intending (infin., [dative], [locative], or —°); occupied with, devoted to, engaged in ([locative] or —°); acting, proceeding; interested, done on purpose (karman).
1) Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त):—[=pra-vṛtta] mfn. rotund, globular, [Śāṅkhāyana-brāhmaṇa]
2) [v.s. ...] driven up (as a carriage), [Chāndogya-upaniṣad]
3) [v.s. ...] circulated (as a book), [Pañcatantra]
4) [v.s. ...] set out from (-tas), going to, bound for ([accusative] [locative case] [infinitive mood], or artham ifc.; dakṣiṇena, ‘southwards’; with pathā, ‘proceeding on a path’), [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.
5) [v.s. ...] issued from ([ablative]), come forth, resulted, arisen, produced, brought about, happened, occurred, [Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā] etc. etc.
6) [v.s. ...] come back, returned, [Mahābhārata]
7) [v.s. ...] commenced, begun, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.
8) [v.s. ...] having set about or commenced to ([infinitive mood]), [Kathāsaritsāgara]
9) [v.s. ...] (also -vat mfn.)
10) [v.s. ...] purposing or going to, bent upon ([dative case] [locative case], or [compound]), [Kāvya literature; Kathāsaritsāgara; Rājataraṅgiṇī]
11) [v.s. ...] engaged in, occupied with, devoted to ([locative case] or [compound]), [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.
12) [v.s. ...] hurting, injuring, offending, [Mahābhārata]
13) [v.s. ...] acting, proceeding, dealing with ([locative case]), [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.
14) [v.s. ...] existing, [Āpastamba]
15) [v.s. ...] who or what has become (with [nominative case]), [Rāmāyaṇa]
16) [v.s. ...] (with karman n. action) causing a continuation of mundane existence, [Manu-smṛti xii, 88]
17) [v.s. ...] [wrong reading] for pra-cṛtta and pra-nṛtta
18) [v.s. ...] m. = varta, a round ornament, [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa]
19) Pravṛttā (प्रवृत्ता):—[=pra-vṛttā] [from pra-vṛtta] f. Name of a female demon, [Mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇa]
Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त):—[pra-vṛtta] (ttaḥ-ttā-ttaṃ) a. Fixed; engaged in, begun; done.
Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त):—(von vart)
1) partic. adj. rund [Śāṅkhāyana’s Brāhmaṇa 5, 1.] Die anderen Bedd. s. u. vart mit pra . —
2) m. so v. a. pravarta [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 5, 4, 3, 24. 26.]
Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त):——
1) Adj. s.u. vart mit pra. —
2) pravṛtta = pravarta.
Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Pautta, Payaṭṭa, Payaṭṭia, Pavaṭṭa, Pāvariya.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त) [Also spelled pravratt]:—(a) engaged (in); inclined towards; tending to; actively employed (in); active.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Pravṛtta (ಪ್ರವೃತ್ತ):—
1) [adjective] engaged in; employed in or busy with; occupied.
2) [adjective] put to use; used; utilised; employed.
--- OR ---
Pravṛtta (ಪ್ರವೃತ್ತ):—
1) [noun] that which is being done or is undertaken.
2) [noun] a man who is engged in, busy with or has commenced (something).
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+1): Pravrittacakra, Pravrittacakrata, Pravrittajnana, Pravrittaka, Pravrittakarman, Pravrittakarmman, Pravrittakavritta, Pravrittakriya, Pravrittanem, Pravrittapaniya, Pravrittaparana, Pravrittasamprahara, Pravrittasampraharatva, Pravrittashikha, Pravrittashin, Pravrittatva, Pravrittavac, Pravrittavak, Pravrittavat, Pravrittavirya.
Full-text (+108): Sampravritta, Apravritta, Pravrittacakrata, Purvapravritta, Abhipravritta, Pravrittatva, Pravrittacakra, Pravrittakarman, Pravrittavac, Pravrittaparana, Aryapravritta, Anupravritta, Hitapravritta, Cirapravritta, Pravrittavat, Pravrittapaniya, Pravrittasamprahara, Kshayapravritta, Abhisampravritta, Lokanugrahapravritta.
Relevant text
Search found 96 books and stories containing Pravritta, Pra-vritta, Pra-vṛtta, Pra-vrtta, Pra-vṛttā, Pravṛtta, Pravrtta, Prāvṛtta, Pravṛttā; (plurals include: Pravrittas, vrittas, vṛttas, vrttas, vṛttās, Pravṛttas, Pravrttas, Prāvṛttas, Pravṛttās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
History of Indian Medicine (and Ayurveda) (by Shree Gulabkunverba Ayurvedic Society)
Chapter 11 - The Etiological Factors of Disease < [Part 6 - The Science of the Triumvirate (Tridosha) Pathogenesis]
Gommatsara by Acharya Nemichandra (by Bai Bahadur J. L. Jaini)
Chapter 8 - Three special Thought-activities (Tri-Karana) < [Volume 3 - Karma-kanda, part 2]
Chapter 4 - Triculika: The three Appendices < [Volume 3 - Karma-kanda, part 2]
Index < [Volume 3 - Karma-kanda, part 2]
Hari-bhakti-kalpa-latikā (by Sarasvati Thkura)
Text 27 < [First Stabaka]
Amplification of the Vedas by the Dharmasastra, Itihasa and Puranas < [Purana, Volume 4, Part 1 (1962)]
Longevity of the Author of the Puranas < [Purana, Volume 6, Part 2 (1964)]
Discussion on the Account of Prajapati and his Daughter < [Purana, Volume 6, Part 1 (1964)]
Contribution of Vachaspati-Mishra to Samkhya System (by Sasikumar. B)
Natyashastra (English) (by Bharata-muni)