Pravritta, Pravṛtta: 18 definitions
Introduction:
Pravritta means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Pravṛtta can be transliterated into English as Pravrtta or Pravritta, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Pravratt.
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstra1) Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त) refers to one of the three limbs of ullopyaka, according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 31. Ullopyaka refers to on the seven types of song (gitaka).
2) Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त) refers to one of the main three main classifications of the catuṣpadā type of song, according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 31. Accordingly, “the catuṣpadā of the sthitā class will have a quick tempo, and that of the pravṛttā class a slow tempo and the catuṣpadā of the sthita-pravṛttā class will have a medium tempo, and the tāla there, will be the cañcatpuṭaḥ as well as the cāpapuṭaḥ, and their pātas will be in double kalās”.
3) Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त) refers to one of the four limbs (aṅga) belonging to Prāveśikī type of song (dhruvā) defined in the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 32.9-16. Accordingly, “depending on different conditions, the dhruvās are known to be of five classes”.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Source: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar1) Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त).—Complete; cf. अथ य प्रवृत्त अथे अमिताक्षरेषु ग्रन्थेषु वाक्यपूरणा आगच्छन्ति पदपू-रणास्ते (atha ya pravṛtta athe amitākṣareṣu grantheṣu vākyapūraṇā āgacchanti padapū-raṇāste), Nir. I. 9;
2) Pravṛtta.—Which has pre-Sented itself, which has become applicable; the word is used in connection with a grammatical rule or operation ; cf. एवं च कृत्वा धर्मशास्त्रं प्रवृत्तम् (evaṃ ca kṛtvā dharmaśāstraṃ pravṛttam) ; M. Bh. on P. I. 2.64 Vart.39; समुदाये व्राह्मणशब्दः प्रवृतेवयवेष्वपि वर्तते जातिहीने गुणहीने च । (samudāye vrāhmaṇaśabdaḥ pravṛtevayaveṣvapi vartate jātihīne guṇahīne ca |) M.Bh. on II. 2.6; cf. दीर्घस्य यण् ह्रस्व इति प्रवृत्तं (dīrghasya yaṇ hrasva iti pravṛttaṃ), M. Bh. on P. VI.1.77; also cf. यद्यपि ङिच्चेत्ययमपवादः (yadyapi ṅiccetyayamapavādaḥ) ... तातङि मन्थरं प्रवृत्तः परेण बाध्यते (tātaṅi mantharaṃ pravṛttaḥ pareṇa bādhyate) S. K. on P.VII.1.35.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaPravṛtta (प्रवृत्त).—All religious ceremonies are divided into two classes, Pravṛtta and Nivṛtta. All ceremonies connected with worldly life are classed under Pravṛtta and those of a spiritual nature under Nivṛtta. (Chapter 262, Agni Purāṇa).
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationPravṛtta (प्रवृत्त) refers to “direct action”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.2.29. Accordingly as Brahmā narrated to Nārada:—“[...] Then inciting the fury of Dakṣa further, she said to Viṣṇu and all other Devas and sages unhesitatingly.. Satī said:—‘[...] In the Vedas two sorts of actions are ordained—direct (pravṛtta) and renunciatory (nivṛtta). Scholars differentiate between these two and hold that they cannot be simultaneous and they cannot occur in a single entity. But in Śiva the great Brahman, these actions do not have any effect’”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramPravṛttā (प्रवृत्ता) refers to “she who is active (in the utterance of mantra that)”, according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, “[...] Her form is the Triangle and her plane unlimited ability. She is enflamed by the burning Point. Causing (nectar) to flow, she floods the entire plane of the universe with dense currents of nectar. Active in the utterance (of mantra that takes place) in the centre (madhya-uccāra-pravṛttā), she pervades all things with the mass of (her) red and beautiful rays. [...]”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Kavya (poetry)
Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (kavya)Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त) refers to “(entertaining the desire of) becoming (someone’s lover)”, according to Bāṇa’s Kādambarī (p. 226).—There are apparently several Tantric rites that Bāṇa pejoratively associates with the priest: [...] “he had written down the [work known as ] the ‘Doctrine of Mahākāla’ instructed to him by a withered Mahāpāśupata mendicant”; “he was one in whom the disease of talking about [finding] treasure had arisen”; “in him the wind [disease] of alchemy had grown”; “he entertained the deluded desire of becoming (pravṛtta) the lover of a Yakṣa maiden”.
Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarypravṛtta (प्रवृत्त).—p (S) Set on foot; put in motion; established, fixed. 2 Engaged in; occupant about; entered or embarked upon. 3 Worldly, secular, temporal, relating to the affairs of life.
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prāvṛtta (प्रावृत्त).—p S Covered, clothed around: also encompassed.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishpravṛtta (प्रवृत्त).—p Set on foot. Engaged in Worldly.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryPravṛtta (प्रवृत्त).—p. p.
1) Begun, commenced, proceeded with.
2) Set in; अचिरप्रवृत्तं ग्रीष्मसमयमधिकृत्य (acirapravṛttaṃ grīṣmasamayamadhikṛtya) Ś.1.
3) Engaged in, occupied with.
4) Going to, bound for.
5) Fixed, settled, determined.
6) Unimpeded, undisputed.
7) Round.
8) Flowing, running; प्रवृत्तमुदकं वायु सर्वं वानेय- माश्रयेत् (pravṛttamudakaṃ vāyu sarvaṃ vāneya- māśrayet) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 14.46.12.
9) Circulated (as a book).
1) Offending, hurting.
-ttaḥ A round ornament.
-ttam An action, undertaking.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryPravṛtta (प्रवृत्त).—mfn.
(-ttaḥ-ttā-ttaṃ) 1. Fixed, settled, determined, done. 2. Engaged in, undertaking, occupied by. 3. Begun, beginning. 4. Doing, acting. 5. Undisputed, (as dominion.) 6. Round, globular. m.
(-raḥ) A round ornament. E. pra before, vṛt to be, aff. kta; form irr.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryPravṛtta (प्रवृत्त).—[adjective] having turned forward, advanced, set out, come forth, arisen, appeared, happened; being, existing; (having) begun, going to, intending (infin., [dative], [locative], or —°); occupied with, devoted to, engaged in ([locative] or —°); acting, proceeding; interested, done on purpose (karman).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त):—[=pra-vṛtta] mfn. rotund, globular, [Śāṅkhāyana-brāhmaṇa]
2) [v.s. ...] driven up (as a carriage), [Chāndogya-upaniṣad]
3) [v.s. ...] circulated (as a book), [Pañcatantra]
4) [v.s. ...] set out from (-tas), going to, bound for ([accusative] [locative case] [infinitive mood], or artham ifc.; dakṣiṇena, ‘southwards’; with pathā, ‘proceeding on a path’), [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.
5) [v.s. ...] issued from ([ablative]), come forth, resulted, arisen, produced, brought about, happened, occurred, [Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā] etc. etc.
6) [v.s. ...] come back, returned, [Mahābhārata]
7) [v.s. ...] commenced, begun, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.
8) [v.s. ...] having set about or commenced to ([infinitive mood]), [Kathāsaritsāgara]
9) [v.s. ...] (also -vat mfn.)
10) [v.s. ...] purposing or going to, bent upon ([dative case] [locative case], or [compound]), [Kāvya literature; Kathāsaritsāgara; Rājataraṅgiṇī]
11) [v.s. ...] engaged in, occupied with, devoted to ([locative case] or [compound]), [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.
12) [v.s. ...] hurting, injuring, offending, [Mahābhārata]
13) [v.s. ...] acting, proceeding, dealing with ([locative case]), [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.
14) [v.s. ...] existing, [Āpastamba]
15) [v.s. ...] who or what has become (with [nominative case]), [Rāmāyaṇa]
16) [v.s. ...] (with karman n. action) causing a continuation of mundane existence, [Manu-smṛti xii, 88]
17) [v.s. ...] [wrong reading] for pra-cṛtta and pra-nṛtta
18) [v.s. ...] m. = varta, a round ornament, [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa]
19) Pravṛttā (प्रवृत्ता):—[=pra-vṛttā] [from pra-vṛtta] f. Name of a female demon, [Mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇa]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryPravṛtta (प्रवृत्त):—[pra-vṛtta] (ttaḥ-ttā-ttaṃ) a. Fixed; engaged in, begun; done.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Pravṛtta (प्रवृत्त) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Pautta, Payaṭṭa, Payaṭṭia, Pavaṭṭa, Pāvariya.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryPravṛtta (प्रवृत्त) [Also spelled pravratt]:—(a) engaged (in); inclined towards; tending to; actively employed (in); active.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusPravṛtta (ಪ್ರವೃತ್ತ):—
1) [adjective] engaged in; employed in or busy with; occupied.
2) [adjective] put to use; used; utilised; employed.
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Pravṛtta (ಪ್ರವೃತ್ತ):—
1) [noun] that which is being done or is undertaken.
2) [noun] a man who is engged in, busy with or has commenced (something).
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Pravrittacakra, Pravrittacakrata, Pravrittachakrata, Pravrittaka, Pravrittakarman, Pravrittakarmman, Pravrittakavritta, Pravrittanem, Pravrittapaniya, Pravrittaparana, Pravrittasamprahara, Pravrittasampraharatva, Pravrittashikha, Pravrittashin, Pravrittatva, Pravrittavac, Pravrittavak, Pravrittavat.
Ends with (+3): Abhipravritta, Abhisampravritta, Amukhipravritta, Anupravritta, Apravritta, Ardhapravritta, Aryapravritta, Atipravritta, Bhogapravritta, Cirapravritta, Doshabalapravritta, Hitapravritta, Karyapravritta, Kshayapravritta, Lokanugrahapravritta, Nirupakriyapravritta, Nivrittapravritta, Purvapravritta, Purvvapravritta, Sampravritta.
Full-text (+98): Sampravritta, Pravrittacakrata, Purvapravritta, Apravritta, Abhipravritta, Pravrittacakra, Pravrittakarman, Pravrittavac, Pravrittatva, Pravrittaparana, Aryapravritta, Hitapravritta, Anupravritta, Pravrittavat, Cirapravritta, Pravrittapaniya, Pravrittasamprahara, Supravritta, Kshayapravritta, Abhisampravritta.
Relevant text
Search found 71 books and stories containing Pravritta, Pra-vritta, Pra-vṛtta, Pra-vrtta, Pra-vṛttā, Pravṛtta, Pravrtta, Prāvṛtta, Pravṛttā; (plurals include: Pravrittas, vrittas, vṛttas, vrttas, vṛttās, Pravṛttas, Pravrttas, Prāvṛttas, Pravṛttās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
History of Indian Medicine (and Ayurveda) (by Shree Gulabkunverba Ayurvedic Society)
Chapter 11 - The Etiological Factors of Disease < [Part 6 - The Science of the Triumvirate (Tridosha) Pathogenesis]
Hari-bhakti-kalpa-latikā (by Sarasvati Thkura)
Text 27 < [First Stabaka]
Contribution of Vachaspati-Mishra to Samkhya System (by Sasikumar. B)
Amplification of the Vedas by the Dharmasastra, Itihasa and Puranas < [Purana, Volume 4, Part 1 (1962)]
Longevity of the Author of the Puranas < [Purana, Volume 6, Part 2 (1964)]
Bhukti-Mukti Ideal in the Puranas < [Purana, Volume 1, Part 2 (1960)]
Natyashastra (English) (by Bharata-muni)
Chapter XXXI - On the Time-measure (tāla)
Chapter XXIX - On Stringed Instruments (tata)
Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 3 - Śrī Vāsudeva to Be Worshipped by All < [Section 9 - Vāsudeva-māhātmya]