Praveshaka, Praveśaka: 19 definitions
Introduction:
Praveshaka means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Praveśaka can be transliterated into English as Pravesaka or Praveshaka, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
1) Praveśaka (प्रवेशक) refers to the “introductory scene” and represents one of the five explanatory devices (arthopakṣepaka). According to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 21, an Introductory Scene (praveśaka) in relation to the Nāṭaka and the Prakaraṇa, is to occupy a place between two Acts and to treat the summary of the Segments. These ‘explanatory devices’ were adopted by the playwright for clarifying the obscurities that were liable to occur due to his extreme condensation of the subject-matter. The term is used throughout nāṭyaśāstra literature.
2) Praveśaka (प्रवेशक) refers to one of the twenty aspects of tāla (time-measure), according to the Nāṭyaśāstrahapter chapter 28. In musical performance, tāla refers to any rhythmic beat or strike that measures musical time. It is an important concept in ancient Indian musical theory (gāndharvaśāstra) traceable to the Vedic era.
3) Praveśaka (प्रवेशक) (also known as praveśana or praveśa) is one of the four varieties of the silent tāla, according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 31. Accordingly, “the praveśa is the drawing away of the palm turned downwards”, and “after showing the āvāpa (lit. the curving the fingers) one should be making the niṣkrāma and then the vikṣepa and next the praveśana (praveśa)”. The tāla is so called because it measures time by a division of songs into kalās”.
Praveśaka (प्रवेशक) refers to the “introducer” (of the Sanskrit drama), according to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.—The Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa says that at the very beginning of the Sanskrit drama, praveśaka i.e., the introducer should introduce the plot of the drama that has been continuing for many days and this narration must be very brief. In the Sāhityadarpaṇa also, the description of those incidents which have already been happened are suggested in the very beginning of the Drama and the technical term of this part of a Drama is known as mukha or āmukha.
Praveśaka (प्रवेशक) is another name for Candraveśaka—one of the four varieties of the Saśabda division of Kriyās, according to the Dattilakohalīyam, one of the works ascribed to Kohala—a celebrated authority of the ancient period along with others such as Bharata, Yāṣṭika, Śārdūla, Kāśyapa etc.—The concept of kriyā is explained, giving the two classes namely saśabda and niśśabda along with their varieties and the manifestation of these kriyās. The varieties of Saśabda-kriyās are—āvāpa, niṣkrāma, nikṣepa, candraveśaka. Later lakṣaṇagranthas however, have followed Śārṅgadeva’s terminology (according to the Saṅgītaratnākara).—Note: In Saṅgītaratnākara, the candraveśaka-kriyās has been called praveśaka.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Praveśaka (प्रवेशक) or Praveśa refers to “entry (of the breath)” [as opposed to niṣkāsa—exit], according to the Ṣaṭsāhasrasaṃhitā, an expansion of the Kubjikāmatatantra: the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjikā cult.—Accordingly, “[...] The (lunar) energies within the first lunar day in the beginning (and those energies of the subsequent days), the waxing and waning (of the moon) and are (all) here. And (here) the lunar days and the rest reach the (supreme) plane (pada). It is said that the entry (of the breath) [i.e., praveśa] is the left and the exit is the right, (corresponding) to the division of the Moon and Sun. One should know that death resides in the exit (of the breath) and that life is in the entry [i.e., praveśa]. Exit and entry are (brought about) by these sixteen parts. He who knows this with effort is a yogi who (truly) knows Yoga”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
India history and geography
Praveśaka.—(SITI), admission, entry. Note: praveśaka is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
pravēśaka (प्रवेशक).—m S In the drama. Prologue. 2 Proem, exordium, introduction.
--- OR ---
pravēśaka (प्रवेशक).—a S That introduces; that ushers or conducts in, lit. fig.
pravēśaka (प्रवेशक).—m Prologue. Exordium. a That introduces.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Praveśaka (प्रवेशक).—'The introducer', an interlude acted by inferior characters (such as servants, buffoon &c.) for the purpose of acquainting the audience with events not represented on the stage, but a knowledge of which is essential for the proper understanding of what follows; (like the Viṣkambhaka it connects the story of the drama and the subdivisions of the plot, by briefly referring to what has occurred in the intervals of the acts, or what is likely to happen at the end; it never occurs at the beginning of the first act or at the end of the last). S. D. thus defines it:-प्रवेशकोऽनु- दात्तोक्त्या नीचपात्रप्रयोजितः । अङ्कद्वयान्तर्विज्ञेयः शेषं विष्कम्भके यथा (praveśako'nu- dāttoktyā nīcapātraprayojitaḥ | aṅkadvayāntarvijñeyaḥ śeṣaṃ viṣkambhake yathā) || 39; see विष्कम्भक (viṣkambhaka); cf. Ve.3.
Derivable forms: praveśakaḥ (प्रवेशकः).
Praveśaka (प्रवेशक).—adj. (= AMg. pavesaa), entering: katham etāni °kāni bhaviṣyanti Divyāvadāna 249.4, how will they enter (lit. come to be entering)?
Praveśaka (प्रवेशक).—mfn.
(-kaḥ-kā-kaṃ) Who or what enters. m.
(-kaḥ) 1. An inferior actor who announces the enterance of the principal characters, or an interlude acted by inferior characters for the sake of making known to the audience events which are not represented on the stage and a knowledge of which is necessary for the understanding of what follows, proiled that it can never occur in the beginning of the first act or at the end of the last. 2. An entry. E. pra before, viś to enter, ṇvul aff.
Praveśaka (प्रवेशक).—i. e. pra-viś + aka, I. adj. Who or what enters. Ii. m. An interlude, [Śākuntala, (ed. Böhtlingk.)] 76, 10.
Praveśaka (प्रवेशक).—(adj. —°) = [preceding]; a kind of interlude ([drama]).
Praveśaka (प्रवेशक) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—[grammatical] Oppert. 2902.
1) Praveśaka (प्रवेशक):—[=pra-veśaka] [from pra-veśa > pra-viś] ifc. = veśa entering, entrance, [Kathāsaritsāgara]
2) [v.s. ...] m. a kind of interlude (acted by some of the subordinate characters for the making known of what is supposed to have occurred between the acts or the introducing of what is about to follow), [Kālidāsa; Ratnāvalī; Daśarūpa; Sāhitya-darpaṇa] etc. (cf. viṣkambhaka and, [Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams 473])
3) [v.s. ...] Name of [work]
Praveśaka (प्रवेशक):—[pra-veśaka] (kaḥ-kā-kaṃ) a. Entering. m. Entrance; announcing the entrance.
Praveśaka (प्रवेशक):—(von praveśa)
1) am Ende eines adj. comp. = praveśa 1: upadekṣyāmi te yogamanyadehapraveśakam (viell. praveśake zu lesen, vgl. yuktiṃ dehāntarāveśe im folg. Śloka) [Kathāsaritsāgara 45, 78.] —
2) ein von niedrigen Personen ausgeführtes Zwischenspiel zwischen zwei Acten, in welchen der Zuschauer mit dem bekannt gemacht wird, was zwischen den zwei Acten vorgegangen ist oder das erfährt, was zum Verständniss des Folgenden unumgänglich nothwendig ist; vgl. [BÖHTLINGK] in der Einl. zu [Śākuntala XI. fgg.] [DAŚAR.1,52.] [Sāhityadarpana 308. fg.] [PRATĀPAR. 23,a,1.] [Śākuntala 76,10.] [Vikramorvaśī 17,13. 53,21. 75,17.] [Mālavikāgnimitra 27,11. 61,12.] [Mudrārākṣasa 99,9. 129,12.] [RATNĀV. 21,10. 56,5.] [MĀLATĪM. 46,7. 107,1. 127,7.] [Prabodhacandrodaja 26,12. 89,11. 103,7.]
--- OR ---
Praveśaka (प्रवेशक):—
2) füge m. am Anfange hinzu; [Z. 2] lies welchem st. welchen; [?Z. 6 füge 54 nach 1, 52] hinzu.
Praveśaka (प्रवेशक):——
1) am Ende eines adj. Comp. = praveśa
1) —
2) ein von niedrigen Personen ausgeführtes Zwischenspiel zwischen zwei Acten , in welchem der Zuschauer mit dem bekannt gemacht wird , was zwischen den zwei Acten vorgegangen ist , oder das erfährt , was zum Verständniss des Folgenden unumgänglich nothwendig ist. —
3) Titel eines Werkes [Private libraries (Gustav) 1.]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Pravēśaka (ಪ್ರವೇಶಕ):—[noun] in dramas, an interlude acted by subordinate characters for making known of what is supposed to have occurred between the acts or the introducing of what is about to follow.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Praveśaka (प्रवेशक):—n. 1. an interlude (in a drama); 2. one who manages or grants admission; adj. entering; penetrating;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Veshaka, Pra.
Full-text: Arthopakshepaka, Anekantavada, Praveshak, Mukha, Amukha, Candraveshaka, Margakriya, Kriya, Pravesha, Vishkambha, Dhavala.
Relevant text
Search found 27 books and stories containing Praveshaka, Praveśaka, Pravesaka, Pravēśaka, Pra-veshaka, Pra-veśaka, Pra-vesaka; (plurals include: Praveshakas, Praveśakas, Pravesakas, Pravēśakas, veshakas, veśakas, vesakas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Abhijnana Sakuntala (with Katayavema commentary) (by C. Sankara Rama Sastri)
Chapter 2 - Sanskrit text (dvitiya-anka) < [Abhijnana Sakuntalam, text and commentary]
Chapter 4 - Sanskrit text (caturtha-anka) < [Abhijnana Sakuntalam, text and commentary]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Dasarupaka (critical study) (by Anuru Ranjan Mishra)
Part 3-6 - Nāṭaka rules < [Chapter 1 - Nāṭaka (critical study)]
Part 13 - Technical Aspects of a Nāṭaka < [Chapter 1 - Nāṭaka (critical study)]
Part 11 - Technical Aspects of a Ḍima < [Chapter 4 - Ḍima (critical study)]
Kohala in the Sanskrit textual tradition (Study) (by Padma Sugavanam)
Kohala and Nāṭya (4): The concept of Daśarūpaka < [Chapter 2 - Kohala as seen in citations]
Part 2.2 - Contents of Dattilakohalīyam < [Chapter 4 - Works attributed to Kohala]
Arts in the Puranas (study) (by Meena Devadatta Jeste)
10. Notes and References for chapter 1 < [Chapter 1 - Music in the Puranas]
Annadatri-carita (study) (by Sarannya V.)
4. Praveshaka (link between two chapters) < [Chapter 4 - Dramatic Appraisal of Annadatri-carita]
Dramatic Appraisal of Annadatri-carita (Introduction) < [Chapter 4 - Dramatic Appraisal of Annadatri-carita]
5. Vishkambha (brief description of story) < [Chapter 4 - Dramatic Appraisal of Annadatri-carita]