Pravartita, Pravartitā: 10 definitions
Introduction:
Pravartita means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramPravartitā (प्रवर्तिता) refers to “setting something in operation”, according to the second recension of the Yogakhaṇḍa of the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, “[...] Then he became Bhairava, the abode of blood, in the sacrifice. (Thus) Bhairava bore the form of Sadyojāta (sadyarūpa—the Immediately Born). (He was) Sadyanātha, the first (ādi) Bhairava in the lineage of Siddhas beginning with Sadya. He acquired the conventional name ‘Mitra’ and was then Bhairava of the divine Command. He was freed from the fetters of Karma and the Kaula Command was set into operation [i.e., pravartitā]”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
Source: VedaBase: Śrīmad BhāgavatamPravartitā (प्रवर्तिता) means “established”, according to the Śrīmad Bhāgavatam verse 10.47.24ff.—Accordingly, “[...] Devotional service unto Lord Kṛṣṇa is attained by charity, strict vows, austerities and fire sacrifices, by japa, study of Vedic texts, observance of regulative principles and, indeed, by the performance of many other auspicious practices. By your great fortune you have established [i.e., pravartitā] an unexcelled standard of pure devotion for the Lord, Uttamaḥśloka — a standard even the sages can hardly attain. [...]”.
Note: The term pravartitā indicates that the Gopīs brought to this world a standard of pure love of God that was previously unknown on the earth. Thus Uddhava congratulates them on their unparalleled contribution to the religious life.
Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationPravartita (प्रवर्तित) refers to the “flowing” (of a stream), according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.4.7 (“Commencement of the War”).—Accordingly, as Brahmā narrated to Nārada: “[...] The backs of some were torn with javelins and goads. Several heads chopped off by double-edged swords fell on the ground. Hundreds of headless, limbless trunks were seen dancing and bouncing with arrows sticking to their hands. Blood flowed (pravartita) like streams in hundreds of places. Hundreds of ghosts and goblins flocked there. [...]”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: De Gruyter: A Buddhist Ritual Manual on AgriculturePravartita (प्रवर्तित) refers to “reciting” (as part of an offering ceremony), according to the Vajratuṇḍasamayakalparāja, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.—Accordingly, [while describing an offering manual] “[...] Merely upon reciting (pravartita), all winds, clouds and thunderbolts are destroyed. All harmful Nāgas are destroyed. They do not prevail. [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve ReflectionsPravartita (प्रवर्तित) refers to “(being) accomplished”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “Having become indifferent [to worldly life], certainly the benefit of this life is obtained by those whose actions are virtuous by whom the body is rendered useless for the sake of [their] self [com.—It is accomplished (pravartitam) in asceticism, self-control, etc, (tapaḥsaṃyamādiṣu)]. Having taken hold of this body in this life, suffering is endured by you. Hence, that [body] is certainly a completely worthless abode”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishpravartita (प्रवर्तित).—p Set on foot; established. In- stigated, incited.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryPravartita (प्रवर्तित).—p. p.
1) Caused to turn, made to go or roll onwards, revolving; चमरान् परितः प्रवर्तिताश्वः (camarān paritaḥ pravartitāśvaḥ) R.9.66.
2) Founded, set up, established.
3) Prompted, incited, instigated.
4) Kindled; प्रवर्तितो दीप इव प्रदीपात् (pravartito dīpa iva pradīpāt) R.5.37.
5) Caused, made.
6) Purified, rendered pure; गोभिः प्रवर्तिते तीर्थे (gobhiḥ pravartite tīrthe) Manusmṛti 11.196.
7) Informed.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Pravartita (प्रवर्तित):—[=pra-vartita] [from pra-varta > pra-vṛt] mfn. ([from] [Causal]) caused to roll on or forwards, set in motion, set on foot, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] set up, established, introduced, appointed, [ib.]
3) [v.s. ...] built, erected, made, performed, accomplished, [ib.]
4) [v.s. ...] related, told, [Sāhitya-darpaṇa]
5) [v.s. ...] made pure, hallowed, [Manu-smṛti xi, 196]
6) [v.s. ...] informed, apprized, [Horace H. Wilson]
7) [v.s. ...] stimulated, incited, [ib.]
8) [v.s. ...] lighted, kindled, [Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary]
9) [v.s. ...] dispensed, administered, [Macdonell’s Dictionary, etc.]
10) [v.s. ...] allowed to take its course, [ib.]
11) [v.s. ...] enforced, [ib.]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusPravartita (ಪ್ರವರ್ತಿತ):—
1) [adjective] gone ahead; moved forward; progressed.
2) [adjective] engaged in (as in a work, undertaking, etc.
3) [adjective] spread or extended over a wide or wider area.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Source: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary1) Pravartita (प्रवर्तित):—adj. initiated; run; founded; promoted;
2) Pravartita (प्रवर्तित):—adj. initiated; run; founded; promoted;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Pravartitar, Pravartitavya.
Full-text: Dharmacakra, Pravartit, Anyatradattaksha, Abhisarga, Pravartitar, Mapana, Bahvric, Aghayu, Samyama, Carani, Kaundinya, Galava, Udranga, Mukta, Sthapana, Anuvrit, Gotra, Vrit.
Relevant text
Search found 21 books and stories containing Pravartita, Pravartitā; (plurals include: Pravartitas, Pravartitās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Bhagavad-gita (with Vaishnava commentaries) (by Narayana Gosvami)
Verse 3.16 < [Chapter 3 - Karma-yoga (Yoga through the Path of Action)]
Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary) (by Śrī Śrīmad Bhaktivedānta Nārāyana Gosvāmī Mahārāja)
Verse 2.1.152 < [Chapter 1 - Vairāgya (renunciation)]
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī)
Verse 2.1.76 < [Part 1 - Ecstatic Excitants (vibhāva)]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 582 < [English-Gujarati-Hindi (1 volume)]
Page 681 < [Hindi-Kannada-English Volume 2]
Page 428 < [Bengali-Hindi-English, Volume 3]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)