Pratyakhyana, Pratyākhyāna: 15 definitions
Introduction:
Pratyakhyana means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Pratyakhyan.
In Hinduism
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Pratyākhyāna (प्रत्याख्यान).—Rejection of a rule or a word or words in a rule shown as redundant, their purpose being shown as served otherwise; cf. लुपि युक्तवद् व्यक्तिवचने इति पूर्वाचार्याणामेवेदं सूत्रम् । तथा चास्य प्रत्याख्यानं भविष्यति । तदशिष्यं संज्ञाप्रमाणत्वादिति । (lupi yuktavad vyaktivacane iti pūrvācāryāṇāmevedaṃ sūtram | tathā cāsya pratyākhyānaṃ bhaviṣyati | tadaśiṣyaṃ saṃjñāpramāṇatvāditi |) Kas. on I.2.51.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Pratyākhyāna (प्रत्याख्यान) refers to “renunciation of evil deeds”, and represents a Jaina technical term mentioned in the Vividhatīrthakalpa by Jinaprabhasūri (13th century A.D.): an ancient text devoted to various Jaina holy places (tīrthas).—Note: Pratyākhyāna can be partial (sākāra) or absolute (nirakāra). See Williams 1959 p. 209; Balbir 1986 p. 43.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
pratyākhyāna (प्रत्याख्यान).—n S Rejection, refutation, disallowal, denial.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Pratyākhyāna (प्रत्याख्यान).—
1) Repulse, rejection; प्रत्याख्यानाच्च भीतैस्त्वम् (pratyākhyānācca bhītaistvam) Rām.7.9.8.
2) Denial, refusal, disavowal; निकृष्ट- जातिसंसर्गवैक्लव्यात् प्रत्याख्यानपारुष्यम् (nikṛṣṭa- jātisaṃsargavaiklavyāt pratyākhyānapāruṣyam) Daśakumāracarita 2.3.
3) Disregard.
4) Reproach.
5) Refutation.
Derivable forms: pratyākhyānam (प्रत्याख्यानम्).
Pratyākhyāna (प्रत्याख्यान).—n.
(-naṃ) 1. Rejection, refutation, disallowance, disregard. 2. Denial, refusal. 3. Reproach. E. prati reverse, āṅ before, khyā to say and lyuṭ aff.
Pratyākhyāna (प्रत्याख्यान).—i. e. prati-ā-khyā + ana, n. 1. Rejection. 2. Refusing, [Hitopadeśa] i. [distich] 12, M.M.; denial. 3. Reproach.
Pratyākhyāna (प्रत्याख्यान).—[neuter] refusal, rejection, refutation.
1) Pratyākhyāna (प्रत्याख्यान):—[=praty-ākhyāna] [from pratyā-khyā] mfn. conquered, overcome (as a passion), [Hemacandra’s Yoga-śāstra]
2) [v.s. ...] n. rejection, refusal, denial, disallowance, repulse, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.
3) [v.s. ...] counteracting, combating (of feelings etc.), [Hemacandra’s Yoga-śāstra]
4) [v.s. ...] non-admittance, refutation, [Śaṃkarācārya]
5) [v.s. ...] Name of a Jaina [work]
Pratyākhyāna (प्रत्याख्यान):—[pratyā+khyāna] (naṃ) 1. n. Rejection; denial.
[Sanskrit to German]
Pratyākhyāna (प्रत्याख्यान) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Paccakkhāṇa.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Pratyākhyāna (प्रत्याख्यान) [Also spelled pratyakhyan]:—(nm) repudiation, refutation, rebuttal; ~[khyāta] repudiated, refuted, rebutted.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Pratyakhyāna (ಪ್ರತ್ಯಖ್ಯಾನ):—
1) [noun] the act of rejecting, refusing or denying; rejection; refusal.
2) [noun] (jain.) a willful abstention from commiting a sin or sins or from taking food for certain period of time.
3) [noun] (jain.) one of the twenty eight actions that bind the soul to the mundane world.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Pratyākhyāna (प्रत्याख्यान):—n. 1. repulse; rejection; denial; disavowal; 2. reproach; 3. refutation; 4. (criticism) anti-narrative movement;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Praty, Akhyana.
Starts with: Pratyakhyanapaksha, Pratyakhyanapurva, Pratyakhyanasamgraha, Pratyakhyanavadin, Pratyakhyanavarana, Pratyakhyanavaraniya.
Full-text (+2): Pratyakhyanasamgraha, Apratyakhyana, Sharirapratyakhyana, Pratyakhyan, Pratyakhyanavaraniya, Pratyakhyanavarana, Pratyakhyanapurva, Paccakkhana, Avashyaka, Pratyakhyanapaksha, Caitya, Parityaga, Antaha, Bhoga, Pratyadesha, Pravrajya, Dharmacarya, Samavasarana, Nirakriti, Aparigrahavrata.
Relevant text
Search found 23 books and stories containing Pratyakhyana, Praty-akhyana, Praty-ākhyāna, Pratyākhyāna, Pratyakhyāna; (plurals include: Pratyakhyanas, akhyanas, ākhyānas, Pratyākhyānas, Pratyakhyānas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary) (by Vijay K. Jain)
Verse 8.9 - The subdivisions of deluding karma (mohanīya) < [Chapter 8 - Bondage of Karmas]
Verse 7.5 - The observances for the vow of truthfulness (satya) < [Chapter 7 - The Five Vows]
Verse 6.8 - The living-substratum (jīva-adhikaraṇa) < [Chapter 6 - Influx of Karmas]
Jainism and Patanjali Yoga (Comparative Study) (by Deepak bagadia)
The five Mahavratas < [Chapter 3 - Jain Philosophy and Practice]
Six Avasyakas (essentials) < [Chapter 3 - Jain Philosophy and Practice]
Part 6 - Spiritual Practices prescribed for Jain ascetics—Monks and Nuns < [Chapter 3 - Jain Philosophy and Practice]
Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)
Appendix 5.2: new and rare words < [Appendices]
Tattva 4: Pāpa (sin) < [Appendix 1.4: The nine tattvas]
Part 7: Origin of friendship of Sumitra and Citragati < [Chapter I - Previous incarnations of Ariṣṭanemi (Nemi)]
Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari (by K. A. Subramania Iyer)
Verse 3.14.560 < [Book 3 - Pada-kāṇḍa (14): Vṛtti-samuddeśa (On Ccomplex Formation)]
Verse 3.7.134 < [Book 3 - Pada-kāṇḍa (7): Sādhana-samuddeśa (On the Means)]