Pratishedha, Pratiṣedha: 21 definitions
Introduction:
Pratishedha means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Pratiṣedha can be transliterated into English as Pratisedha or Pratishedha, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Pratishedh.
In Hinduism
Mīmāṃsā (school of philosophy)
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध) refers to one of the two types of niṣedha (prohibition).— Pratiṣedha is a prohibition of general applicability, eg. “During the Agama temple festival any form of untouchability must not be practised”.
Mimamsa (मीमांसा, mīmāṃsā) refers to one of the six orthodox Hindu schools of philosophy, emphasizing the nature of dharma and the philosophy of language. The literature in this school is also known for its in-depth study of ritual actions and social duties.
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध).—Prohibition, negation, prohibition of a rule or operation; generaliy प्रतिषेध (pratiṣedha) or प्रसज्यप्रतिषेध (prasajyapratiṣedha) is laid down by the use of the negative particle (नञ् (nañ)) connected with a verbal activity, and not with a noun in a compound in which case the negation is named पर्युदास (paryudāsa); cf. प्रसज्ज्यप्रतिषेधो यः क्रियया सह यत्र नञ् । पयुदासः स विज्ञेयः थत्रोत्तरपदेन नञ् । (prasajjyapratiṣedho yaḥ kriyayā saha yatra nañ | payudāsaḥ sa vijñeyaḥ thatrottarapadena nañ |)
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध) refers to a “prohibition”, according to the Āpastamba-yajña-paribhāṣā-sūtras.—“The Prakṛti stops from three causes, from a corollary, from a prohibition [viz., pratiṣedha], and from loss of purpose”. Commentary: A prohibition (pratishedha) occurs, when it is said, “he does not choose an Ārṣeya”.
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध) (Cf. Śaṅkara) means “to stand against”.—[...] Independent human reasoning (śuṣkatarka) or experience (anubhava) alone are not conducive to liberation. Therefore, those religious traditions that claim to be based on the inspiration of omniscient founders and/or on extra-Vedic revelations cannot be soteriologically-valid means of liberation. It is essentially on the basis of this argument that Śaṅkara refutes the authority of Buddhist, Jaina, Sāṃkhya, Yoga, Pāśupata and Pāñcarātra traditions in the second adhyāya of his Brahmasūtrabhāṣya. For instance, ad Brahmasūtrabhāṣya 2.2.45, Śaṅkara says that Śāṇḍilya studied Pāñcarātra because he did not find the highest good (paraṃ śreyas, i.e. liberation) in Vedic teachings. Śaṅkara interprets Śāṇḍilya’s attitude as an offense (nindā) to the Veda, and thus rejects the entire Pāñcarātra tradition on the basis that it stands against the Veda (veda-pratiṣedha).
Vedanta (वेदान्त, vedānta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध) refers to “opposing (the negative emotions)”, according to the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra chapter 35.—Accordingly, [while discussing the ten notions (daśasaṃjñā)]: “[...] Others say that the ten and the nine notions are equally detachment and, together, nirvāṇa. Why? [...] 8. When the yogin uses the nine notions to oppose the negative emotions (kleśa-pratiṣedha), there is vairāgyasaṃjñā, the notion of detachment, [the ninth of the ten notions]. [...]”.
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध) refers to “warding off (all hostile Nāgas)”, according to the Vajratuṇḍasamayakalparāja, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.—Accordingly, [after the Bhagavān taught the great heart-dhāraṇī], “Serpent chiefs, this great heart-dhāraṇī, called Tathāgata Vow Garuḍa Flame, wards off (pratiṣedha) all hostile Nāgas, destroys and keeps back all clouds, thunderbolts, winds and lightning, protects crops, guards flowers, fruits and trees, produces the fruit of immortality, increases comfort and welfare. [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
In Jainism
Jain philosophy
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध) refers to the “negation” (e.g., of the possibility of omniscience).—The Śāstravārtāsamuccaya by Haribhadra Sūri’s is not a compendium of philosophical systems (darśana) but a comprehensive account (samuccaya) of doctrinal (śāstra) expositions (vārtā/vārttā) or simply doctrines (vāda). The Śāstravārtāsamuccaya (also, Śāstravārttāsamuccaya) is subdivided into stabakas, chapters or sections, for example: Sarvajñatā-pratiṣedha-vāda—on the doctrine of the negation of the possibility of omniscience of the Mīmāṃsā and an unidentified Buddhist sect (bauddha ekadeśī mata)
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India history and geography
Pratiṣedha.—cf. prakṣepa. Note: pratiṣedha is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
pratiṣēdha (प्रतिषेध).—m S Prohibition. 2 Exception, contradiction, disallowal, denial.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध).—
1) Keeping or warding off, driving away, expulsion; अशेषविघ्नप्रतिषेधदक्षमन्त्राक्षतानांमिव दिङ्मुखेषु (aśeṣavighnapratiṣedhadakṣamantrākṣatānāṃmiva diṅmukheṣu) Vikr. 1.8.
2) Prohibition; as in शास्त्रप्रतिषेधः (śāstrapratiṣedhaḥ); विधिप्रतिषेधयोः प्रतिषेधो बलीयान् (vidhipratiṣedhayoḥ pratiṣedho balīyān) ŚB. on MS.1.8.2; प्राप्तिपूर्वो हि प्रतिषेधो भवति इति अवाक्यशेषता अध्यवसीयते (prāptipūrvo hi pratiṣedho bhavati iti avākyaśeṣatā adhyavasīyate) ŚB. on Manusmṛti 1.8.22.
3) Denial, refusal.
4) Negation, contradiction.
5) A negative particle.
6) An exception.
7) (In Rhet.) Enforcing or reminding of a prohibition.
8) (In Drama.) An obstacle to obtaining the desired object.
Derivable forms: pratiṣedhaḥ (प्रतिषेधः).
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध).—m.
(-dhaḥ) 1. Prohibition, forbidding, exception, contradiction. 2. Denial, refusal. E. prati before, siddha to be perfect, aff. ghañ .
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध).—i. e. prati-sidh + a, m. 1. Keeping off, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 9, 266. 2. Avoiding. [Uttara Rāmacarita, 2. ed. Calc., 1862.] 125, 4. 3. Prohibition, [Vedāntasāra, (in my Chrestomathy.)] in
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध).—[masculine] warding off, driving away, expulsion; prohibition, denial, refusal; negation or a negative particle ([grammar]).
1) Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध):—[=prati-ṣedha] [from prati-ṣidh] m. keeping back, warding off, prevention, repulsion (of a disease), [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata; Suśruta]
2) [v.s. ...] prohibition, refusal, denial, [???; Nirukta, by Yāska; Kālidāsa]
3) [v.s. ...] contradiction, exception, [Horace H. Wilson]
4) [v.s. ...] (in gram.) negation, a negative particle, [Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā-prātiśākhya; Pāṇini; Vāmana’s Kāvyālaṃkāravṛtti]
5) [v.s. ...] (in [rhetoric]) enforcing or reminding of a prohibition, [Kuvalayānanda]
6) [v.s. ...] (in [dramatic language]) an obstacle to obtaining the desired object, [Sāhitya-darpaṇa]
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध):—[prati-ṣedha] (dhaḥ) 1. m. Prohibition.
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध):—(wie eben) m.
1) Abwehr, Abhaltung, Zurückhaltung, Vertreibung (einer Krankheit u. s. w.): taskara [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 9, 266.] [Mahābhārata 1, 462. 12, 399. 3697.] akārye [KĀM. NĪTIS. 5, 50.] [Suśruta 1, 11, 18. 2, 331, 15. 337, 12.] —
2) Verbot, Verneinung, Aufhebung: māṃsa [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 1, 1, 21. 7, 5, 27.] bhakṣa [1, 2, 8. 4, 3, 5. 7, 1, 34. 5, 24.] riktha [Yāska’s Nirukta 3, 5. 9, 10. 11, 18.] [Aśvalāyana’s Śrautasūtrāni 5, 13.] [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 3, 4, 18. Vārttika von Kātyāyana.] zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 1, 1, 4. 72. Kārikā.] zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 3, 1, 22.] [Kāśikīvṛtti] zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 1, 1, 11.] neti pratiṣedhaḥ . veti vikalpaḥ [Scholiast] zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 1, 1, 44. 7, 2, 64] (wo ityādisūtreṇaiva zu lesen ist). kena prāptāvayaṃ pratiṣedha ārabhyate [Scholiast] zu [Prātiśākhya zum Ṛgveda 10, 11] [?(Sūtra 18). Bhāgavatapurāṇa 2, 10, 45. zu Bṛhadāranyakopaniṣad S. 39. zu Chāndogyopaniṣad S. 52. Vedānta lecture No. 111. Scholiast zu Kapila 1, 54.] so v. a. abschlägige Antwort [Raghuvaṃśa 5, 58.] pratiṣedhākṣara dass. [Śākuntala 73, v. l.] pratiṣedhe dvayoḥ wenn es Beiden verboten war [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 2, 285.] so v. a. Negation, Verneinungswort [Prātiśākhya zur Vājasaneyisaṃhitā 5, 24.] pratiṣedhārthīya [Yāska’s Nirukta 1, 4.] Einschärfung eines Verbots, Erinnerung an ein bestehendes Verbot [KUVALAY. 154,b.]
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Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध):—
1) kālaharaṇapratiṣedhāya um keine Zeit zu verlieren [UTTARARĀMAC. 96, 1 (125, 4.).] In der Dramatik ein vor den ersehnten Gegenstand sich stellendes Hinderniss: īpsitārthapratīghātaḥ pratiṣedha itīṣyate [Sāhityadarpana 386.]
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध):—m. —
1) Abwehr , Abhaltung , Zurückhaltung , Vertreibung (einer Krankheit u.s.w.). kālaharaṇapratiṣedhāya so v.a. um keine Zeit zu verlieren. —
2) Verbot , Verneinung , Aufhebung. —
3) Negation , Verneinungswort [244,6.] —
4) eine abschlägige Antwort. —
5) in der Rhetorik Einschärfung eines Verbots , Erinnerung an ein bestehendes Verbot. —
6) in der Dramatik ein vor den ersehnten Gegenstand sich stellendes Hinderniss.
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Paḍiseha.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध) [Also spelled pratishedh]:—(nm) prohibition, forbiddance; taboo; ~[ṣiddha] prohibited, forbidden; tabooed.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Pratiṣēdha (ಪ್ರತಿಷೇಧ):—
1) [noun] a prohibiting or being prohibited; prohibition.
2) [noun] a negating; negation.
3) [noun] a speech, argument denying, refuting something.
4) [noun] (rhet.) a kind of figure of speech that refutes, refuses to accept a popular thing or belief.
5) [noun] (gram.) the negative sense (of a word).
6) [noun] an order by a competent authority forbidding any activity; a prohibitory order.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध):—n. 1. Law. prohibition order; 2. prohibition; forbiddance; 3. rejection; eradication;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): Prati, Ceta.
Starts with (+4): Pratishedha-lekha, Pratishedha-samadesha, Pratishedhabaliyastva, Pratishedhadhikaar, Pratishedhadhikara, Pratishedhaka, Pratishedhakriye, Pratishedhakshara, Pratishedhalamkara, Pratishedhamatra, Pratishedhamkaroti, Pratishedhana, Pratishedhanem, Pratishedhaniya, Pratishedhapavada, Pratishedhartha, Pratishedharthiya, Pratishedhatmaka, Pratishedhavada, Pratishedhayati.
Full-text (+64): Apratishedha, Prasajyapratishedha, Pratishedhokti, Pratishedhopama, Pratishedhakshara, Vipratishedha, Pratishedhavada, Pratishedhakriye, Balamayapratishedha, Timirapratishedha, Balagrahapratishedha, Karnarogapratishedha, Bhutapratishedha, Sarpavishapratishedha, Visheshapratishedha, Avajnapratishedha, Pratishedhamatra, Pratishedha-lekha, Paryudasapratishedha, Pratishedhartha.
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Search found 61 books and stories containing Pratishedha, Prati-ṣedha, Prati-sedha, Prati-shedha, Pratiṣedha, Pratisedha, Pratiṣēdha; (plurals include: Pratishedhas, ṣedhas, sedhas, shedhas, Pratiṣedhas, Pratisedhas, Pratiṣēdhas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Kaya Chikitsa in Sushruta Samhita by Maharshi Sushruta. < [Volume 5, Issue 2: March - April 2018]
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Kavyalankara-sara-sangraha of Udbhata (by Narayana Daso Banhatti)
Chapter 2 (dvitiyo vargah) < [Sanskrit text of the Kavyalankara-sara-sangraha]
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Sushruta Samhita, Volume 6: Uttara-tantra (by Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna)
Chapter XXXIV - Treatment of an attack by Shita-putana < [Canto II - Kaumarabhritya-tantra (pediatrics, gynecology and pregnancy)]
Chapter XVI - Treatment of diseases peculiar to eye-lashes and eye-lids < [Canto I - Shalakya-tantra (ears, eyes, nose, mouth and throat)]
Chapter XXXV - Treatment of an attack by Mukha-mandika < [Canto II - Kaumarabhritya-tantra (pediatrics, gynecology and pregnancy)]
Brihaddevata attributed to Shaunaka (by Arthur Anthony Macdonell)
Part 8 - Different kinds of formulas and modes of expression < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]
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