Pratisharana, Pratiśaraṇa, Pratisaraṇa, Pratisāraṇa: 15 definitions

Introduction
In Hinduism
1. Ayurveda
In Buddhism
1. Mahayana
2. General definition
Languages
1. Sanskrit
2. Kannada
See also

Introduction:

Pratisharana means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

The Sanskrit term Pratiśaraṇa can be transliterated into English as Pratisarana or Pratisharana, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

In Hinduism

Ayurveda (science of life)

Kalpa (Formulas, Drug prescriptions and other Medicinal preparations)

Source: Ancient Science of Life: Yogaśataka of Pandita Vararuci

Pratisāraṇa (प्रतिसारण) refers to “application of medicine with the tip of finger” and is dealt with in the 10th century Yogaśataka written by Pandita Vararuci.—The Yogaśataka of Pandita Vararuci is an example of this category. This book attracts reader by its very easy language and formulations (viz., pratisāraṇa) which can be easily prepared and have small number of herbs. It describes only those formulations which are the most common and can be used in majority conditions of diseases.

Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)

Source: archive.org: The Elephant Lore of the Hindus

Pratisāraṇa (प्रतिसारण) refers to “curing the wounds of elephants”, according to the 15th century Mātaṅgalīlā composed by Nīlakaṇṭha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.—[Cf. chapter 3, “on unfavorable marks”]: “5. One that has (evil) spots on his skin, tusks, palate, toenails, etc., shall be abandoned; or else the wise man shall perform in proper fashion an operation to burn or scrape them off, and all the things necessary to heal and cure them (pratisāraṇa), and cut them off”.

Unclassified Ayurveda definitions

Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of terms

Pratisāraṇa (प्रतिसारण):—Rubbing powders on skin, While doing the blood letting at the site of the snake bite, if the blood is not coming out by itself, then it should be expelled out by application of fine or coarse powders of dry ginger, black round pepper, turmeric, salt etc.

context information

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā

Pratisaraṇa (प्रतिसरण) refers to “reliance” (e.g., ‘reliance on meaning/knowledge’), according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, as Gaganagañja said to Ratnapāṇi: “Son of good family, those sixty-four dharmas are included in one hundred twenty-eight dharmas. What are those one hundred twenty-four? [...] (21) the nature as a dream is included in recollecting and knowing what has been seen and learned, and one’s own experience of the dharma; (22) the nature as an illusion is included in creations and fictions; (23) supernormal knowledges is included in reliance on meaning (artha-pratisaraṇa) and knowledge (jñāna-pratisaraṇa); (24) skillful means is included in seeing by insight and having regard for living beings; [...]’”.

context information

Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

General definition (in Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-samgraha

Pratiśaraṇa (प्रतिशरण) refers to the “four reliances” as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha (section 53):

reliance on the meaning (artha), not reliance on the word (vyañjana),
reliance on knowledge (jñāna), not reliance on awareness (vijñāna),
reliance on the plain sense (nītārtha), not reliance on the inferred sense (neyārtha),
reliance on the dharma, not reliance on a person (pudgala).

The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (e.g., pratiśaraṇa). The work is attributed to Nagarjuna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.

Languages of India and abroad

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Pratisaraṇa (प्रतिसरण).—Leaning or resting upon.

Derivable forms: pratisaraṇam (प्रतिसरणम्).

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Pratisāraṇa (प्रतिसारण).—

1) Dressing the edges of a wound.

2) An instrument used for anointing a wound.

Derivable forms: pratisāraṇam (प्रतिसारणम्).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Pratiśaraṇa (प्रतिशरण).—often written for pratisaraṇa, q.v.; no distinction of meaning between the spellings.

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Pratisaraṇa (प्रतिसरण).—nt., °ṇa-tā (also written °śar° without differentiation of meaning; = Pali paṭi°; see especially La Vallée Poussin, Abhidharmakośa ix.246—8, with valuable bibliography; [Page372-b+ 71] Wogihara, Lex. s.v.; n. act. to next, q.v., but influenced, probably secondarily, in meaning by Sanskrit śaraṇa = Pali saraṇa), (1) basically, reference, point of reference, ‘point d'appui’ (LaV-P, better than Lévi's ‘ressource-respective’, Asaṅga (Mahāyāna-sūtrālaṃkāra) xviii.31), going back to (something), and then also the thing to which the going back occurs; so, basis, point of dependence, support, thus naturally leading to (2) support in the sense of Sanskrit śaraṇa (MIndic saraṇa), refuge, that on which one relies; often the two mgs. cannot be clearly distinguished; Tibetan (b)rten (pa, or ba), see Jäschke (Tibetan-English Dictionary) (keep, hold, adhere to…depend, rely on…be given, addicted, depend on, arise or issue from…support), also rton (pa), to place confidence in, rely on; but sometimes (e.g. on apratiśaraṇa, q.v., Lalitavistara 189.12) Tibetan skyabs, regular equivalent of Sanskrit śaraṇa, refuge; (1) ‘point d'appui’, four in number: Mahāvyutpatti 1546 artha-pratisaraṇena bhavi- tavyaṃ na vyañjana-pra°, one must refer to, rely on, the real meaning, not the ‘letter’; 1547, dharma-pra°…na pudgala-pra°, the Law as such…not (as, or because, taught by) any person (Bodhisattvabhūmi 257.4 f.); 1548 jñāna-…na vijñāna-, see these words; 1549 nītārtha-(sūtra)-…na neyārtha- (sūtra-), see these words; same four listed Dharmasaṃgraha 53 (here written °śaraṇa); discussed in some detail Asaṅga (Mahāyāna-sūtrālaṃkāra) xviii.31—33, and more clearly Bodhisattvabhūmi 256.23— 257.22 (see also LaVP, above); artha-pratisaraṇānāṃ (bodhisattvānāṃ) Laṅkāvatāra-sūtra 223.8 (Tibetan don la, to meaning, rten pa); (a sinful bodhisattva) vyañjana-pra° ca bhavati nārtha-pra° Bodhisattvabhūmi 175.16—17; caturbhiḥ pratisaraṇaiḥ (not listed) Bodhisattvabhūmi 219.9,…tasmād eṣāṃ dharmaḥ saprati- saraṇo bhavati 11 (becomes provided with its points of reference or bases); probably in this sense, sarvārtha-°ṇa- tvād Bodhisattvabhūmi 91.20; (śrutaṃ…) artha-pratiśaraṇākāraṃ dharma-pratiśaraṇākāraṃ Śikṣāsamuccaya 191.1; (dharmārthikatā para-)mārthārthapratisaraṇa-tayā Kāśyapa Parivarta 156.2; (sarvajñatā- bhimukhānāṃ sarvajñatā-)-pratisaraṇānāṃ Gaṇḍavyūha 166.24; probably also sa-pratiśaraṇaḥ (of the Buddha's dharma) Mahāvyutpatti 1301 (Tibetan brten ba; compare Bodhisattvabhūmi 219.11 above); (bhava- mūlakā…dharmā, states of being,…) bhavaprabhavā… bhava-pratiśaraṇā Mahāvastu iii.337.14 and 339.13, founded on existence or on becoming; uncertain whether here or with (2), dharmacaraṇaṃ…dharma-pratiśaraṇa-tāyai saṃ- vartate Lalitavistara 32.11; (dharmārthikatā, compare Kāśyapa Parivarta 156.2 above) …arthapratiśaraṇa-tāyai saṃvartate Lalitavistara 33.2; karma- pratiśaraṇa or (Mahāvyutpatti) °sar°, [bahuvrīhi], one who or that which has, or recognizes, (past) actions as the base (of what hap- pens to the doer): °ṇam, nt., Mahāvyutpatti 2316 (Tibetan brten pa); (sattvān…) karmayonīn karma°ṇān Karmavibhaṅga (and Karmavibhaṅgopadeśa) 30.4; °ṇo bhūtvāvasthitaḥ Divyāvadāna 427.22 (a monk saw a murderer about to kill him, but perceiving that it was the result of his own past deeds, he made no attempt to escape, but calmly) waited, accepting (past) deeds as the basis (of his fate; here clearly not refuge!); Avadāna-śataka ii.86.5 (wrongly em. Speyer); more fully, karmavipākapratiś° Śikṣāsamuccaya 316.16; (bodhicittaṃ…) dharaṇi-bhūtaṃ, sarvaloka-pratiśara- ṇatayā Gaṇḍavyūha 494.2, cited Śikṣāsamuccaya 6.1, like the earth because it is the basis (support) of all people (Bendall and Rouse refuge, implausibly); similarly (cakravāḍabhūtaṃ) sarva- lokapratisaraṇatayā Gaṇḍavyūha 494.15 (same passage; note variation between ś and s, not significant); (2) refuge, = Sanskrit śaraṇa (see above); some of the above cases may belong here; (bodhisattvaḥ…dharmatrāṇo dharma- śaraṇo) dharmapratiśaraṇo…Lalitavistara 179.14 (but Tibetan rten pa, perhaps understood as support, for the Law); °ṇa- bhūtaḥ (of the Tathāgata) 426.6; (bodhisattvānāṃ) sar- vajagat-pratisaraṇa-bhūtānāṃ Gaṇḍavyūha 99.6; (bodhisattvāḥ) pratiśaraṇa-bhūtā lokasya Gaṇḍavyūha 219.5; pratiśaraṇāvatāro dharmālokamukhaṃ Lalitavistara 35.17 (? or to 1); (beggars) ye tasya gṛhaṃ (? read gṛha-) pratiśaraṇa-bhūtā Divyāvadāna 176.26, who had come to be in a state of having his house as their re- fuge, reliance, i.e. his regular pensioners.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Pratisāraṇa (प्रतिसारण).—n.

(-ṇaṃ) 1. Repelling, repulsion. 2. Applying remedies to a wound. 3. An instrument for anointing a wound. E. prati, sṛ to go, causal v., lyuṭ aff.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Pratisāraṇa (प्रतिसारण).—i. e. prati sri, [Causal.], + ana, n. 1. Repelling. 2. Applying remedies to a wound.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Pratiśaraṇa (प्रतिशरण):—[=prati-śaraṇa] a n. (for 2. See under prati-√śṝ) confidence in (ifc.), [Divyāvadāna]

2) [=prati-śaraṇa] b 1. 2. prati-śaraṇa. See p.663 and prati-√śṝ.

3) [=prati-śaraṇa] [from prati-śṝ] c n. (for 1. See p. 663, col. 2) breaking off, blunting (a point or edge), [Taittirīya-brāhmaṇa [Scholiast or Commentator]]

4) Pratisaraṇa (प्रतिसरण):—[=prati-saraṇa] [from prati-sṛ] mfn. leaning or resting upon (ifc.; -tā f.), [Lalita-vistara]

5) [v.s. ...] n. streaming back (of rivers), [Caraka]

6) [v.s. ...] leaning or resting on ([compound]), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

7) Pratisāraṇa (प्रतिसारण):—[=prati-sāraṇa] [from prati-sṛ] n. ([from] [Causal]) dressing and anointing the edges of a wound (or an instrument for doing so), [Suśruta]

8) [v.s. ...] Name of a [particular] process to which minerals ([especially] quicksilver) are subjected, [Catalogue(s)]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Pratisāraṇa (प्रतिसारण):—[prati-sāraṇa] (ṇaṃ) 1. n. Repelling; curing, applying remedies.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Pratisaraṇa (प्रतिसरण) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Paḍisaraṇa.

[Sanskrit to German]

Pratisharana in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Pratisāraṇa (ಪ್ರತಿಸಾರಣ):—

1) [noun] a repelling or being repelled; repulsion.

2) [noun] the act of dressing and anointing a wound.

3) [noun] an instrument used for doing so.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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