Pratimukha, Prati-mukha: 12 definitions
Introduction:
Pratimukha means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstra1) Pratimukha (प्रतिमुख, “progression”) refers to one of the five segments (sandhi) of the plot (itivṛtta or vastu) of a dramatic play (nāṭaka), according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 21. These five segments are assigned to the principal plot (ādhikārika). (Description): Uncovering of the Seed placed at the Opening after it has sometimes been perceptible and sometimes been lost, is called the Progression (pratimukha).
2) Pratimukha (प्रतिमुख) refers to one of the two limbs (aṅga) belonging to Avakṛṣṭā type of song (dhruvā) defined in the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 32.9-16. Accordingly, “depending on different conditions, the dhruvās are known to be of five classes”.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Shilpashastra (iconography)
Source: Wisdom Library: Śilpa-śāstraPratimukha (प्रतिमुख) is a variety of adhiṣṭhāna (‘pedestal’), according to the Kāśyapaśilpa. The word adhiṣṭhāna refers to the ‘pedestal’ or ‘base’ on which a structure is built. Pratimukha is classified under its parent group named pratibandha.
Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśāstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryPratimukha (प्रतिमुख).—a. standing before the face, facing; प्रतिमुखागत (pratimukhāgata) Manusmṛti 8.291.
2) near, present.
-kham a secondary plot or incident in a drama which tends either to hasten or retard the catastrophe; see S. D.334 and 351-364.
-kham ind.
Pratimukha is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms prati and mukha (मुख).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryPratimukha (प्रतिमुख).—n.
(-khaṃ) (In dramatic composition), A secondary plot or incident, calculated either to promote or obstruct the catastrophe, adv. n.
(-khaṃ) 1. In front, before, in presence. 2. Near. E. prati, and mukha the face.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryPratimukha (प्रतिमुख).—[prati-mukha], I. adj. Being in front, [Rāmāyaṇa] 6, 90, 11. Ii. ºkham, adv. 1. In front, [Meghadūta, (ed. Gildemeister.)] 18, n. 2. Against, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 8, 291.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryPratimukha (प्रतिमुख).—1. [neuter] epitasis ([drama]).
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Pratimukha (प्रतिमुख).—2. [feminine] ī standing opposite, facing, °— & [neuter] [adverb]; imminent, present.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Pratimukha (प्रतिमुख):—[=prati-mukha] n. the reflected image of the face, [Haravijaya]
2) [v.s. ...] (in [dramatic language]) a secondary plot or incident which hastens or retards the catastrophe, the Epitasis (also khasaṃdhi), [Daśarūpa; Pratāparudrīya; Sāhitya-darpaṇa [Scholiast or Commentator]]
3) [v.s. ...] an answer, [Sāhitya-darpaṇa]
4) [v.s. ...] mf(ā or ī)n. standing before the face, facing, [Rāmāyaṇa; Bhāgavata-purāṇa; Vajracchedikā]
5) [v.s. ...] being near, present, [Rāmāyaṇa]
6) [v.s. ...] mf(ā or ī)n. ([in the beginning of a compound] or am ind.) towards, in front, before, [Gṛhya-sūtra; Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryPratimukha (प्रतिमुख):—[prati-mukha] (khaṃ) 1. n. Secondary plot; pretext. adv. In front, before.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Pratimukha (प्रतिमुख) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Paimuha.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusPratimukha (ಪ್ರತಿಮುಖ):—
1) [noun] the state of being placed, situated, in front of one’s face.
2) [noun] that part which is just in front.
3) [noun] nearness; proximity.
4) [noun] a secondary plot or incident calculated either to hasten or retart the catastrophe.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Mukha, Prati.
Starts with: Pratimukhagata, Pratimukham, Pratimukhanga, Pratimukhara, Pratimukhari, Pratimukhasandhi.
Ends with: Mukhapratimukha.
Full-text (+11): Pratimukham, Pratimukhanga, Pratimukhi, Mukhapratimukha, Paimuha, Pratibandha, Pratimukhagata, Narman, Upanyasa, Dvimudhaka, Parisarpa, Samiha, Pragamana, Varnasamhara, Sandhi, Tapana, Narmadyuti, Upasana, Paryupasana, Nirodha.
Relevant text
Search found 16 books and stories containing Pratimukha, Prati-mukha; (plurals include: Pratimukhas, mukhas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Jivanandana of Anandaraya Makhin (Study) (by G. D. Jayalakshmi)
Sandhis and Sandhyaṅgas < [Chapter 6 - Dramatic aspects of the Jīvanandana Nāṭaka]
Analysis of Pratimukha Sandhi < [Chapter 6 - Dramatic aspects of the Jīvanandana Nāṭaka]
Dasarupaka (critical study) (by Anuru Ranjan Mishra)
Part 12 - Employment of the Juncture (sandhi) in a Nāṭaka < [Chapter 1 - Nāṭaka (critical study)]
Part 10 - Application of the Junctures (sandhi) in a Ḍima < [Chapter 4 - Ḍima (critical study)]
Part 7 - Application of the Junctures (sandhi) in a Samavakāra < [Chapter 6 - Samavakāra (critical study)]
Mudrarakshasa (literary study) (by Antara Chakravarty)
5. Deliberation of the Pañcasandhi in Mudrārākṣasa < [Chapter 6 - Other Literary Estimates of Mudrārākṣasa]
Dramaturgy in the Venisamhara (by Debi Prasad Namasudra)
Sandhi (the combination of different phases) < [Chapter 4 - Dramaturgy in Veṇīsaṃhāra]
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)
Part 9 - Imitating the bearing of the Buddha < [Chapter LI - Seeing all the Buddha Fields]
Hanuman Nataka (critical study) (by Nurima Yeasmin)