Pratihata, Prātihata: 14 definitions
Introduction:
Pratihata means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Pratihat.
In Hinduism
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Prātihata (प्रातिहत).—Name given to the circumflex vowel, standing at the beginning of a word and following the final vowel of the previous word which is acute (उदात्त (udātta)); cf. अपि चेन्नानापदस्थ-मुदात्तमथ चेत्सांहितेन स्वर्यते स प्रतिहतः (api cennānāpadastha-mudāttamatha cetsāṃhitena svaryate sa pratihataḥ) T. Pr. xx. 3.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Pratihata (प्रतिहत) refers to “destruction” (of darkness), according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, “[...] I praise the (goddess) who enjoys (divine bliss) (bhoginī). Her body enjoyment (bhoga), she resides on the supreme plane (of existence) and is attained (only) by knowledge. Her plane is that of Kuṇḍalinī and her one (divine) attribute is compassion. [...] Accompanied by eight powerful Siddhas headed by (the Bhairava called) Aghora, (her) light shines a million-fold and, having destroyed (all) darkness [i.e., pratihata-timirā], (she) has illumined all reality”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Gitashastra (science of music)
Prātihata (प्रातिहत) refers to one of the seven varieties of Svarita, which represents one of the four types of Svaras (“accents”), according to the Kauhalīyaśikṣā—one of the works ascribed to Kohala—a celebrated authority of the ancient period along with others such as Bharata, Yāṣṭika, Śārdūla, Kāśyapa etc.—Kauhalīyaśikṣā defines the different qualities (dṛḍhatā, mṛdutā, sthaulyam, etc.) associated with the four svaras (accents) namely udātta, anudātta, svarita and pracaya. Subsequently, the names of the ‘seven varieties of the svarita-svaras’ and their definitions are given [e.g., prātihata].
Gitashastra (गीतशास्त्र, gītaśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science of Music (gita or samgita), which is traditionally divided in Vocal music, Instrumental music and Dance (under the jurisdiction of music). The different elements and technical terms are explained in a wide range of (often Sanskrit) literature.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Pratihata (प्रतिहत) (Cf. Apratihata) refers to the “hostility”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly as The Lord said: “O Śāriputra, from innumerable aeons ago (asaṃkhyeya-kalpa), the Bodhisatvas in the Mahāvyūha universe have been in accordance with the [perfection of] giving as adorned with generosity, have been completely pure in understanding as adorned with morality, have been without hostile thoughts towards any living beings (apratihata-citta) as adorned with tolerance, have accumulated all qualities of the Buddha as adorned with vigour, [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
pratihata (प्रतिहत).—p S Struck, hit, hurt. 2 Repelled, repulsed, knocked back or down. 3 Reflected, reverberated. 4 Disappointed, foiled, baffled.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Pratihata (प्रतिहत).—p. p.
1) Struck or beaten back; knocked back; तस्मिन् प्रतिहते चास्त्रे विस्मयो मे महानभूत् (tasmin pratihate cāstre vismayo me mahānabhūt) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 3.167.31.
2) Driven away, repelled, repulsed; शापादसि प्रतिहता (śāpādasi pratihatā) Ś.7.32; सा बुद्धिरप्रतिहता वचनं तदेव (sā buddhirapratihatā vacanaṃ tadeva) Bhartṛhari 2.4.
3) Opposed, obstructed.
4) Sent, despatched.
5) Hated, disliked.
6) Disappointed, frustrated.
7) Fallen, overthrown.
8) Tied, bound.
9) Impaired, lost; यावच्चेन्द्रियशक्तिरप्रति- हता (yāvaccendriyaśaktiraprati- hatā) Bhartṛhari 3.88; इमास्ता मन्मथवतां हिताः प्रतिहता दिशः (imāstā manmathavatāṃ hitāḥ pratihatā diśaḥ) Rām. 4.28.13.
1) Dazzled (as eyes).
11) Dulled, blunted (as teeth by acid).
Pratihata (प्रतिहत).—mfn.
(-taḥ-tā-taṃ) 1. Disappointed. 1. Opposed, obstructed. 3. Fallen, overthrown. 4. Sent, despatched. 5. Hated, disliked. 6. Tied, bound. 7. Struck, hurt, killed, especilally in return or requital. 8. Repulsed, repelled. 9. Reflected. E. prati before, hata hurt or killed.
1) Pratihata (प्रतिहत):—[=prati-hata] [from prati-han] mfn. struck or striking against, [Rāmāyaṇa; Śakuntalā; Rājataraṅgiṇī]
2) [v.s. ...] repelled, warded off, checked, impeded, obstructed, prevented, omitted, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.
3) [v.s. ...] dazzled (as eyes id est. impeded in their functions), [Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
4) [v.s. ...] dulled, blunted (as teeth by acids = hṛṣita), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.] (cf. [Patañjali on Pāṇini 7-2, 29])
5) [v.s. ...] hostile (cf. below)
6) [v.s. ...] disappointed, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
7) [v.s. ...] hated, disliked, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
8) [v.s. ...] tied, bound, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
9) [v.s. ...] sent, despatched, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.] ([probably] [wrong reading] for pra-hita)
10) Prātihata (प्रातिहत):—[=prāti-hata] [from prāti] m. a kind of Svarita accent, [Taittirīya-prātiśākhya]
Pratihata (प्रतिहत):—[prati-hata] (taḥ-tā-taṃ) p. Foiled; opposed; fallen; sent; hated; tied; hurt; reflected.
Prātihata (प्रातिहत):—(von pratihata) adj. Bez. des Svarita, welcher sonst tairovirāma heisst, [Prātiśākhya zur Taittirīyasaṃhitā 2, 8.]
Prātihata (प्रातिहत):—m. eine Art Svarita-Ton.
Pratihata (प्रतिहत) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Ḍihaya.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Pratihata (प्रतिहत) [Also spelled pratihat]:—(a) restrained, obstructed, hampered; defeated.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Pratihata (ಪ್ರತಿಹತ):—
1) [adjective] beaten, struck in retaliation.
2) [adjective] wounded; injured.
3) [adjective] sent or driven back; repulsed.
4) [adjective] opposed; resisted.
5) [adjective] defeated; beaten; frustrated.
6) [adjective] fallen down (from a higher place, position, status, etc.).
7) [adjective] disappointed; left unsatisfied.
8) [adjective] obstructed; hindered; impeded.
9) [adjective] hated or being subject to another’s hatred, dislike.
10) [adjective] removed; taken off; driven out or away.
--- OR ---
Pratihata (ಪ್ರತಿಹತ):—
1) [noun] the fact of being defeated, overpowered (by another as in a fight, combat, etc.).
2) [noun] the act or an instance of obstructing or being obstructed; hindrance.
3) [noun] a man who is disappointed, frustrated.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Pratihatadhi, Pratihatamati, Pratihataraya, Pratihatavak.
Full-text (+1): Apratihata, Pratihatamati, Pratihatadhi, Pratihataraya, Apratihatanetra, Pratihatavak, Shasanapratihata, Dharmatapratihata, Apratihatarashmiragaprabha, Dihaya, Pratihat, Patihata, Dishtya, Tairovirama, Bang fa, Zeng bei sheng jiao, Hrishita, Svarita, Svara, Skhal.
Relevant text
Search found 19 books and stories containing Pratihata, Prati-hata, Prāti-hata, Prātihata; (plurals include: Pratihatas, hatas, Prātihatas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 10.102 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Text 10.205 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Text 4.13 < [Chapter 4 - First-rate Poetry]
Kohala in the Sanskrit textual tradition (Study) (by Padma Sugavanam)
Part 6.1 - Introduction and Source of the Kauhalīyaśikṣā < [Chapter 4 - Works attributed to Kohala]
Abhijnana Shakuntalam (Sanskrit and English) (by Saradaranjan Ray)
Chapter 5 - Pancama-anka (pancamo'nkah) < [Abhijnana Shakuntalam (text, translation, notes)]
Chapter 7 - Saptama-anka (saptamo'nkah) < [Abhijnana Shakuntalam (text, translation, notes)]
Chapter 1 - Prathama-anka (prathamo'nkah) < [Abhijnana Shakuntalam (text, translation, notes)]
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 4.9.17 < [Chapter 9 - The Glories of Srī Ekādaśī]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 418 < [Bengali-Hindi-English, Volume 3]
Page 314 < [Hindi-Bengali-English Volume 2]
Page 318 < [Hindi-Bengali-English Volume 2]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)