Prasanga, Prasaṅga, Prasamga: 23 definitions
Introduction:
Prasanga means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Prasaṅga (प्रसङ्ग, “mention”) refers to ‘incidental comments’ concerning one’s superioirs. Prasaṅga represents one of the thirteen vimarśasandhi, according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 21. Vimarśasandhi refers to the “segments (sandhi) of the pause part (vimarśa)” and represents one of the five segments of the plot (itivṛtta or vastu) of a dramatic composition (nāṭaka).
Prasaṅga (प्रसङ्ग).—One of the thirteen elements of the ‘pause segment’ (vimarśasandhi);—(Description:) Speaking of one’s superiors is called Mention (prasaṅga).
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Arthashastra (politics and welfare)
Prasaṅga (प्रसङ्ग) refers to “reference to similar procedure” and is the name of a yukti, or ‘technical division’, according to which the contents of the Arthaśāstra by Cāṇakya are grouped. Cāṇakya (4th-century BCE), aka Kauṭilya, was the chief minister of Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the famous Maurya Empire.
Arthashastra (अर्थशास्त्र, arthaśāstra) literature concerns itself with the teachings (shastra) of economic prosperity (artha) statecraft, politics and military tactics. The term arthashastra refers to both the name of these scientific teachings, as well as the name of a Sanskrit work included in such literature. This book was written (3rd century BCE) by by Kautilya, who flourished in the 4th century BCE.
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Prasaṅga (प्रसङ्ग).—Applicability; possibility of being applied; the word is used with respect to a grammatical rule or operation which is on the point of being applied or taking place; the word प्राति (prāti) is also used in the same sense; cf. को हि शब्दस्य प्रसङ्गः यत्र गम्यते चार्थो न च प्रयुज्यते (ko hi śabdasya prasaṅgaḥ yatra gamyate cārtho na ca prayujyate) M.Bh.on P.I.1.60 cf. also द्वौ प्रसङ्गौ अन्यार्थां एकस्मिन् स विप्रतिषेधः (dvau prasaṅgau anyārthāṃ ekasmin sa vipratiṣedhaḥ),M. Bh. on P.I.4. 2; also cf. प्रसङ्गे सति सदृशतम आदेशः स्यात् (prasaṅge sati sadṛśatama ādeśaḥ syāt) S.K. on स्थानेन्तरतमः (sthānentaratamaḥ) P. I.1.50.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Kavya (poetry)
Prasaṅga (प्रसङ्ग) was a servant of king Ciradātṛ from Cirapura according to the Kathāsaritsāgara, chapter 55. Accordingly, “... and that king [Ciradātṛ] had a servant, named Prasaṅga, who had come from another country, and was accompanied by two friends. And five years passed while he was performing his duties, but the king gave him nothing, not even when an occasion was presented by a feast or something of the kind”.
The story of Prasaṅga was narrated by Gomukha to Naravāhanadatta in order to demonstrate that “the works of the creator’s hand have varying moods of mind”.
The Kathāsaritsāgara (‘ocean of streams of story’), mentioning Prasaṅga, is a famous Sanskrit epic story revolving around prince Naravāhanadatta and his quest to become the emperor of the vidyādharas (celestial beings). The work is said to have been an adaptation of Guṇāḍhya’s Bṛhatkathā consisting of 100,000 verses, which in turn is part of a larger work containing 700,000 verses.
Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Prasaṅga (प्रसङ्ग):—[prasaṅgaḥ] Repeation of statements when another occasion demands.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Shaiva philosophy
Prasaṅga (प्रसङ्ग) refers to a “result” (i.e., ‘concluding inference’ [?]), according to the Īśvarapratyabhijñāvivṛtivimarśinī 2.129-130.—Accordingly, “Even [if] an external object [is] inferred [, it] can be talked about only insofar as it is being manifest, for if [it] were distinct from the manifesting consciousness (prakāśa), since as a result (prasaṅga) it would not be manifest, [the awareness of] the very fact that the entity is inferred would amount to a state of stupor!”.
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Mīmāṃsā (school of philosophy)
Prasaṅga (प्रसङ्ग) refers to “an extended Tantra which has its own injunction present”, according to Śabara’s commentary on the Pūrva-Mīmāṃsāsūtra 11.1.1.—Cf. Gaṅgānātha Jhā’s translation: “That which is common is Tantra; it is not prompted by the needs of other things; so also is Prasaṅga (an extended Tantra), which has its own injunction present”.—Bhartṛhari defines Prasaṅga at the end of the first Āhnika of his commentary on the Mahābhāṣya: “If [something], while not aiming at an object, attains [that] object through something else, that is called ‘Prasaṅga’.”.—This definition fits the illustration of the lamp in the house which lightens the road, as can easily be seen. It takes as the essential characteristic of Prasaṅga that it does not aim at the object concerned. This fits the verse quoted by Śabara, if only, unlike Śabara, we connect pādas b and c, as also required by grammar.
Mimamsa (मीमांसा, mīmāṃsā) refers to one of the six orthodox Hindu schools of philosophy, emphasizing the nature of dharma and the philosophy of language. The literature in this school is also known for its in-depth study of ritual actions and social duties.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
prasaṅga (प्रसंग).—m (S) The fit time, season, occasion; the opportune period, and, freely, place or circumstances. Ex. jēṃ kārya karaṇēṃ tēṃ pra0 pāhūna karāvēṃ; prasaṅgā- vāñcūna manuṣyācī parīkṣā hōta nāhīṃ. 2 The occurrent or occurred time; the season of or for as incidental or as arisen; an occasion or an emergency. Ex.yuddhācyā prasaṅgīṃ śūra bhīta nāhīṃ. 3 An adverse time; a calamitous occasion; a season of affliction or trouble. v paḍa, yē, gudara, udbhava. 4 Junction, connection, association; a dealing or an acting with. Ex. tumacā āmacā nēhamī ghēṇyādē- ṇyācā pra0 āhē; and, in familiar phraseology, a meeting or encountering with; a coming constantly in the way of. Ex. kōṅkaṇānta bhātāśīṃ pra0 dē- śānta bhākarīśīṃ pra0; śuddha dēśānta gēlēṃ mhaṇajē dhābyācyā gharāṃśīṃ pra0. 5 Meeting, assembling, congress, gathering together (as for discussion or debate). Ex. kāla paṇḍita miḷālē hōtē āṇi ēkādaśīviṣayīṃ mōṭhā pra0 jhālā. 6 A division or section (of a book or a discourse): also a topic under discussion. pra0 ghaḍaṇēṃ g. of s. To undergo coition. pra0 mārūna nēṇēṃ (To carry off or dispose of an occasion.) To triumph over or master an emergent trouble or difficulty. Also, in this sense, pra0 kāḍhaṇēṃ-sampādaṇēṃ-śēva- ṭāsa lāvaṇēṃ. prasaṅgaviśēṣīṃ Upon some particular occasion. prasaṅgasaṅgatīnēṃ With, by, or through opportuneness of occasion; with convenience of season; with due connection of subject &c. Ex. brahmajñānācē prakaraṇīṃ viṣayācēṃ vivaraṇa prasaṅgasaṅgatīnēṃ kēlēṃ pāhijē. prasaṅgāsa yēṇēṃ To come in the nick of time, at the moment of need or fitness. prasaṅgīṃ asaṇēṃ-rāhaṇēṃ- vāgaṇēṃ-cālaṇēṃ-nibhaṇēṃ To wait upon the occasions of.
prasaṅga (प्रसंग).—m The season. An occasion. An adverse time. Association; a deal- ing. Ex. kāla paṇḍita miḷālē hōtē āṇi ēkā- daśīviṣayīṃ mōṭhā prasaṅga jhālā A section. prasaṅga mārūna nēṇēṃ To triumph over a difficulty. Also, in this sense. prasaṅga kāḍhaṇēṃ-sampādaṇēṃ- śēvaṭāsa lāvaṇēṃ. prasaṅgaviśēṣīṃ . Upon some par- ticular occasion. prasaṅgāsa yēṇēṃ To come in the nick of time. prasaṅgī asaṇēṃ-rāhaṇēṃ- vāgaṇēṃ-cālaṇēṃ-nimaṇēṃ To wait upon the occasions of.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Prasaṅga (प्रसङ्ग).—1 Attachment, devotion, addiction, devotedness; स्वरूपयोग्ये सुरतप्रसङ्गे (svarūpayogye surataprasaṅge) Kumārasambhava 1.19; तस्यात्यायतकोमलस्य सततं द्यूतप्रसङ्गेन किम् (tasyātyāyatakomalasya satataṃ dyūtaprasaṅgena kim) Mṛcchakaṭika 2.11; Śiśupālavadha 11.22.
2) Union, intercourse, association, connection; निवर्ततामस्माद्गणिका- प्रसंगात् (nivartatāmasmādgaṇikā- prasaṃgāt) Mṛcchakaṭika 4; Pañcatantra (Bombay) 1.251.
3) Illicit intercourse.
4) Occupation, intentness, being engaged or occupied with; भ्रूविक्रियायां विरतप्रसङ्गैः (bhrūvikriyāyāṃ virataprasaṅgaiḥ) Kumārasambhava 3.47.
5) A subject or topic (of discourse or controversy).
6) An occasion, incident; दिग्विजयप्रसंगेन (digvijayaprasaṃgena) K.191; यात्राप्रसंगेन (yātrāprasaṃgena) Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 1.
7) Conjuncture, time, opportunity; सूक्ष्मेभ्योऽपि प्रसंगेभ्यः स्त्रियो रक्ष्या विशेषतः (sūkṣmebhyo'pi prasaṃgebhyaḥ striyo rakṣyā viśeṣataḥ) Manusmṛti 9.5.
8) A contingency, event, case, occurrence of a possibility; नेश्वरो जगतः कारणमुपपद्यते, कुतः, वैषम्यनैर्घृण्यप्रसंगात् (neśvaro jagataḥ kāraṇamupapadyate, kutaḥ, vaiṣamyanairghṛṇyaprasaṃgāt) Ś. B; एवं चानवस्थाप्रसंगः (evaṃ cānavasthāprasaṃgaḥ) ibid.; तस्याणुतर- प्रसंगात् (tasyāṇutara- prasaṃgāt) Tarka K.; Kumārasambhava 7.16.
8) Connected reasoning or argument.
9) A conclusion, an inference.
1) Connected language.
11) Inseparable application or connection (= vyāpti q. v.).
12) Mention of parents.
13) Introduction, insertion.
14) Gain.
15) An extended application; अन्यत्र कृतस्यान्यत्रासक्तिः प्रसङ्गः । यथा प्रदीपस्य प्रासादे कृतस्य राजमार्गेऽप्यालोककरणम् (anyatra kṛtasyānyatrāsaktiḥ prasaṅgaḥ | yathā pradīpasya prāsāde kṛtasya rājamārge'pyālokakaraṇam) ŚB. on MS.12.1.1.
16) (In drama) A second or subsidiary incident or plot. (prasaṃgena, prasaṃgata, prasaṃgāt are used adverbially in the sense of:-
1) in relation to.
2) in consequence of, on account of, because of, by way of.
3) occasionally, incidentally.
4) in course of; as in kathāprasaṃgena 'in course of conversation').
Derivable forms: prasaṅgaḥ (प्रसङ्गः).
Prāsaṃga (प्रासंग).—A yoke for cattle; Mahābhārata (Bombay) 13.64.19.
Derivable forms: prāsaṃgaḥ (प्रासंगः).
Prasaṅga (प्रसङ्ग).—m.
(-ṅgaḥ) 1. Introduction, insertion. 2. Association, connexion. 3. Addiction or attachment to 4. Connected language or style. 5. Connected reasoning or argument. 6. Double or conjoint re sult, producing two effects, attaining two objects by one act. 7. Revealing a secret. 8. (In dramatic language.) A second or subsidiary incident or plot. 9. Union, association, intercourse, (as in strī prasaṅga) 10. Illicit intercourse. 11. Topic of conversation. 12. Occupation. 13. Contingency, event, case. 14. Mention of parents. 15. Equal extent, inseparable connection, (in logic.) 16. A conclusion, an inference. 17. Time, opportunity, occasion. E. pra preceding, sanja to join, aff. ac .
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Prāsaṅga (प्रासङ्ग).—m.
(-ṅgaḥ) A yoke for cattle. E. pra and āṅ before, sanja to join, aff. ghañ .
Prasaṅga (प्रसङ्ग).—i. e. pra-sañj + a, m. 1. Association, union, [Pañcatantra] i. [distich] 218. 2. Attachment, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 2, 93; 4, 186; illicit gratification, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 9, 5; 4, 15 (an art which pleases the senses). 3. Connected reasoning. 4. Conjuncture, occasion, [Pañcatantra] 117, 10; time, [Rājataraṅgiṇī] 5, 276. 5. Insertion, introduction.
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Prāsaṅga (प्रासङ्ग).—i. e. pra-ā-sañj + a, m. A yoke for cattle, Mahābhārata 13, 3270.
Prasaṅga (प्रसङ्ग).—[masculine] = [preceding] + union, connection, business with (adj. —° connected with); occurrence of a possibility, case, event, occasion, opportunity. Instr., [ablative], & [locative] occasionally, incidentally; on the occasion, on account, or in the course of (—°).
1) Prasaṅga (प्रसङ्ग):—[=pra-saṅga] a See under pra- √sañj.
2) [=pra-saṅga] [from pra-sañj] b m. adherence, attachment, inclination or devotion to, indulgence in, fondness for, gratification of, occupation or intercourse with ([locative case] [genitive case] or [compound]), [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc. (gena ind. assiduously, zealously, eagerly; cf. also below)
3) [v.s. ...] evil inclination or illicit pursuit, [Manu-smṛti ix, 5]
4) [v.s. ...] union, connection (ifc. ‘connected with’ e.g. madhu-prasaṅga-madhu, ‘honey connected with or coming in the spring season’), [Ratnāvalī i, 17]
5) [v.s. ...] ([plural]) all that is connected with or results from anything, [Kāmandakīya-nītisāra]
6) [v.s. ...] occurrence of a possibility, contingency, case, event, [???; Manu-smṛti; Śaṃkarācārya; Pāṇini [Scholiast or Commentator]] (e.g. ecaḥ pluta-prasaṅge, ‘in the event of a diphthong being prolated’)
7) [v.s. ...] applicability, [Vajrasūci]
8) [v.s. ...] an occasion, incident, conjuncture, time, opportunity, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc. (ibc.; gena ind. and gāt ind. and atas ind., when the occasion presents itself, occasionally, incidentally; prasaṅge kutrāpi, ‘on a certain occasion’; amunā prasaṅgena, tat-prasaṅgena or etat-prasaṅge, ‘on that occasion’)
9) [v.s. ...] mention of parents (? = guru-kīrtita), [Sāhitya-darpaṇa]
10) [v.s. ...] (in [dramatic language]) a second or subsidiary incident or plot, [Horace H. Wilson]
11) [v.s. ...] Name of a man, [Kathāsaritsāgara]
12) [v.s. ...] ([plural]) of a Buddhistic school
13) Prāsaṅga (प्रासङ्ग):—[=prā-saṅga] [from prā] a m. a kind of yoke for cattle, [Mahābhārata]
14) b gika etc. See under 3. prā, p. 702, col. 3.
1) Prasaṅga (प्रसङ्ग):—[pra-saṅga] (ṅgaḥ) 1. m. Introduction; connection; attachment; revealing a secret; a secondary plot.
2) Prāsaṅga (प्रासङ्ग):—[prā+saṅga] (ṅgaḥ) 1. m. Yoke for cattle.
[Sanskrit to German]
Prasaṅga (प्रसङ्ग) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Pasaṃga.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Prasaṃga (प्रसंग) [Also spelled prasang]:—(nm) context; occasion; sexual intercourse, coition; -[bheda] difference of the context, contexual difference; ~[ta]: incidentally; ~[vaśa/~vaśāt] incidentally; as demanded by the context.
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Kannada-English dictionary
Prasaṃga (ಪ್ರಸಂಗ):—
1) [noun] the state or fact or being connected or associated together; connection; union; association.
2) [noun] a condition that accompanies, determines or modifies a fact, event course of action, etc.; a circumstance.
3) [noun] a debate involving arguments in favour and against (something); a debate; a dispute.
4) [noun] something told; news; information.
5) [noun] (dial.) the theme, topic or subject, usu. taken from a mythological work and adapted for a Yakṣagāna (a kind of dance-drama).
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Prāsaṃga (ಪ್ರಾಸಂಗ):—[noun] a yoke (of a plough) engaged with two oxen.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Prasaṅga (प्रसङ्ग):—n. 1. attachment; devotion; addiction; 2. context; theme; discourse; topic; 3. opportunity; occasion; 4. a subject; topic;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+6): Prasamgakara, Prasamgata, Prasamgati, Prasamgavadhana, Prasangabharana, Prasangagata, Prasangajnana, Prasangajnani, Prasangan, Prasanganivarana, Prasanganurupa, Prasanganusangena, Prasangaproshita, Prasangaratna, Prasangaratnakara, Prasangaratnavali, Prasangasadhanara, Prasangasama, Prasangasiddhi, Prasangat.
Full-text (+85): Atiprasanga, Kathaprasanga, Prasangavashat, Aprasanga, Prasangaratnavali, Prasangasama, Vidhiprasanga, Doshaprasanga, Prasanganivarana, Shastraprasanga, Nariprasanga, Yatraprasanga, Lekhyaprasanga, Indriyaprasanga, Striprasanga, Anishtaprasanga, Prasangavahivah, Prasangavinivritti, Prasangaratnakara, Kushalamataprasanga.
Relevant text
Search found 83 books and stories containing Prasanga, Prasaṅga, Prāsaṅga, Pra-sanga, Pra-saṅga, Prā-saṅga, Prasamga, Prasaṃga, Prāsaṃga; (plurals include: Prasangas, Prasaṅgas, Prāsaṅgas, sangas, saṅgas, Prasamgas, Prasaṃgas, Prāsaṃgas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari (by K. A. Subramania Iyer)
Verse 2.77 < [Book 2 - Vākya-kāṇḍa]
Brahma Sutras (Nimbarka commentary) (by Roma Bose)
Brahma-Sūtra 2.1.11 < [Adhikaraṇa 3 - Sūtras 4-11]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 9 < [Hindi-Malayalam-English Volume 3]
Page 439 < [Bengali-Hindi-English, Volume 3]
Page 191 < [Hindi-Bengali-English Volume 3]
Purana-prasanga (from Jagad-Guru-Vaibhava) < [Purana, Volume 1, Part 2 (1960)]
Purana-visayasuci (Purana Concordance) < [Purana, Volume 1, Part 2 (1960)]
Svalpa Matsya-purana (part 3) < [Purana, Volume 9, Part 2 (1967)]
Reverberations of Dharmakirti’s Philosophy (by Birgit Kellner)
Dharmakīrti on the Role of Salvific Initiation
Dharmakīrti and His Successors on Āśrayāsiddha and Prasaṅgaviparyaya
The Buddhist Philosophy of Universal Flux (by Satkari Mookerjee)
Chapter XXV - Prasaṅgānumāna < [Part II - Logic and Epistemology]
Chapter XXIV - Universal Concomitance (Vyāpti) < [Part II - Logic and Epistemology]