Prapanca, Prapañca, Prapamca: 29 definitions
Introduction:
Prapanca means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Prapancha.
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstraPrapañca (प्रपञ्च, “compliment”) refers to one of the thirteen types of vīthi, according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 20. Vīthi represents one of the daśarūpa or, “ten kinds of dramatic plays”, which are said to have originated from the various styles (vṛtti), discussed in chapter 22 of the same work.
Source: archive.org: Natya ShastraPrapañca (प्रपञ्च).—One of the thirteen types of vīthi;—When comic and untrue words purporting to be mutual praise of two persons, are uttered in the interest of one [of them] it is [an instance of] Compliment (prapañca).
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
Source: archive.org: Mandukya Upanishad & Karika with Shankara BhashyaPrapañca (प्रपञ्च, “phenomenal world”).—From the standpoint of Truth, prapañca or the phenomenal world or even the idea of perceiving them does not exist as separate from Brahman. Therefore no birth or death can be predicated of what exists ultimately.
Source: Wikisource: Ashtavakra GitaPrapañca (प्रपञ्च) refers to the “multiplicity (of objects)” (compared to the waves of the ocean), according to the Aṣṭāvakragītā (5th century BC), an ancient text on spirituality dealing with Advaita-Vedānta topics.—Accordingly, [as Aṣṭavakra says to Janaka]: “I am infinite like space, and the natural world is like a jar. To know this is knowledge, and then there is neither renunciation, acceptance or cessation of it. I am like the ocean, and the multiplicity (prapañca) of objects is comparable to a wave [mahodadhirivāhaṃ sa prapañco vīcisannibhaḥ]. To know this is knowledge, and then there is neither renunciation, acceptance or cessation of it. [...]”.
Vedanta (वेदान्त, vedānta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Source: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammarPrapañca (प्रपञ्च).—Amplification, further explanation,clarification. The expression पूर्वस्यैवायं प्रपञ्चः (pūrvasyaivāyaṃ prapañcaḥ) or तस्यैवायं प्रपञ्चः (tasyaivāyaṃ prapañcaḥ) is very frequently used in the Kasika vrtti; cf. Kas. on P.II. 1.33,37,41, 58, II.4.28, III.2.6I etc.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaPrapañca (प्रपञ्च).—See under Sṛṣṭi.
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationPrapañca (प्रपञ्च) refers to the “universe”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.2.26. Accordingly as Śiva said to Nanda, after the latter cursed Dakṣa (and others):—“[...] Who is this? Who are you? Who are these? In reality I am all. Consider everything in this light. In vain did you curse the Brahmins. Extracting the fundamental basis of the construction of the universe (prapañca-racana) through the knowledge of reality, be enlightened and self-assured, O intelligent one. Be free from anger and other emotions”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramPrapañca (प्रपञ्च) refers to the “universe (of thought constructs)”, according to sources such as the Kulakaulinīmata and Kumārikākhaṇḍa of the Manthānabhairavatantra.—Accordingly, “[...] She is the eternal Transmental. Devoid of the universe of thought constructs (niṣprapañcā), she resides in the life breath of all. She is the supreme energy, called Kuṇḍalī and is the seventeenth energy (of the Moon). [...] She is the subtle (aspect). I will (now) tell (you) how she is in (her) gross form. [...] Residing within the plane of the Neuter (absolute), she is (the one) energy (kalā) and her form is (made of all the) energies. She is threefold (as) will, knowledge and action and abides (permanently) having pervaded the universe”.
Source: Shodhganga: Iconographical representations of Śiva (shaktism)Prapañca (प्रपञ्च) or Prapañcatantra refers to one of the thirty-three Dakṣiṇatantras, belonging to the Śāktāgama (or Śāktatantra) division of the Āgama tradition. The Śāktāgamas represent the wisdom imparted by Devī to Īśvara and convey the idea that the worship of Śakti is the means to attain liberation. According to the Pratiṣṭhālakṣaṇasamuccaya of Vairocana, the Śāktatantras are divided into to four parts, the Prapañca-tantra belonging to the Dakṣiṇa class.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
Source: Pure Bhakti: Brhad BhagavatamrtamPrapañca (प्रपञ्च) refers to:—Five constituent elements; the material world made of five elements; matter; material existence. (cf. Glossary page from Śrī Bṛhad-bhāgavatāmṛta).
Source: Vallabh: Nirodha-lakshanaPrapañca (प्रपञ्च) refers to the “material world”, according to the Nirodhalakṣaṇa (lit. “characteristics of restraint”) written by Śrī Vallabhācārya for his disciples.—Forgetting the material world (prapañca) entirely and becoming exclusively attached to the Lord (bhagavān) constitutes the essential characteristics of nirodha. This is described as prapañca-vismṛti (forgetfulness of the material world) and, consequently, attachment to Śrī Kṛṣṇa (kṛṣṇāsakti) is emphasized.
Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).
Yoga (school of philosophy)
Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason Birch1) Prapañca (प्रपञ्च) refers to “manifoldness” (as opposed to Niṣprapañca—“that which has no manifoldness”), according to the Amanaska Yoga treatise which deals absorption, yogic powers and liberation.—The Amanaska referred to (or qualified) Samādhi with several terms, which are all negative; [e.g., it has no manifoldness (niṣprapañca);] [...] The fact that such terminology is found in the Amanaska indicates that descriptions of Śiva and the void-like meditative states in Mantramargic Śaivism, were the basis of the descriptions of Samādhi and Paratattva (the highest reality) in this treatise. The Amanaska Yoga was consistent with the Pātañjala Yogaśāstra’s definition of Yoga, yet it described Samādhi in terms different to those of Pātañjalayoga; such as Niṣprapañca—“that which has no manifoldness”.
2) prapañca (पश्यत्) refers to “(the world of) multiplicity”, according to the Yogatārāvalī: a short Yoga text of twenty-nine verses presenting Haṭhayoga as the means to Rājayoga (i.e., Samādhi).—Accordingly, while describing the no-mind state: “O wise one, for the sake of accomplishing the no-mind state, we teach you this special method; with your mind focused and looking on the [world of] multiplicity (prapañca) with a detached gaze, root out intentional thought”.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
General definition (in Hinduism)
Source: Wisdom Library: HinduismPrapañca: Sanskrit for the 'phenomenal universe'. A term used in Advaita Vedānta.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the GaganagañjaparipṛcchāPrapañca (प्रपञ्च) (Cf. Niṣprapañca) refers to “discursive thinking”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “Then, the Lord went on to speak these verses: ‘(34) Since their nature is originally pure, they give a gift with the purity of awakening. Since they are not attached to (asakta) their train of thoughts (cittasaṃtāna), they give a gift without any discursive thinking (niṣprapañca). [...]’”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: Google Books: The Crystal Mirror of Philosophical SystemsPrapañca (प्रपञ्च) (Sanskrit; in Tibetan: spros pa) — (lit. “Elaboration”) — Mental activity that is prone to discursiveness, complication, and fantasy. Useful in everyday life, elaboration, like conceptual thought, is an impediment to the direct realization of emptiness and so must be overcome on the path to liberation
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryprapañca (प्रपंच).—m S The world, the great theatre of human action. 2 The business of life; worldly engagements and embarrassments. Ex. prapañca sādhūna para- mārthācā lābha jēṇēṃ kēlā tō bhalā bhalā Who, whilst performing and accomplishing the business of life, attains and secures the Supreme Good--worthy, right worthy is he. 3 Deceit, trick, fraud, imposture. 4 Making of distinction; treating with partiality. 5 Error, illusion. 6 Diffusion or display; state of full explication or development (of a subject, of powers and perfections &c.)
--- OR ---
prāpañca (प्रापंच).—& prāpañcī Corr. from prapañca & prapañcī.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishprapañca (प्रपंच).—m The world. The business of life. Deceit. Error. Diffusion.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryPrapañca (प्रपञ्च).—1 Display, manifestation; रागप्रायः प्रपञ्चः (rāgaprāyaḥ prapañcaḥ) K.151.
2) Development, expansion, extension; भरतज्ञकविप्रणीत- काव्यग्रथिताङ्का इव नाटकप्रपञ्चाः (bharatajñakavipraṇīta- kāvyagrathitāṅkā iva nāṭakaprapañcāḥ) Śiśupālavadha 2.44.
3) Amplification, expatiation, explanation, elucidation.
4) Prolixity, diffuseness, copiousness; अलं प्रपञ्चेन (alaṃ prapañcena).
5) Manifoldness, diversity.
6) Heap, abundance, quantity.
7) An appearance, phenomenon.
8) Illusion, fraud.
9) The visible world or universe, which is illusory and the scene of manifold action.
1) Reciprocal false praise.
11) Opposition, inversion.
12) Analysis.
13) (In dram.) Ludicrous dialogue.
14) (In gram.) The repetition of an obscure rule in a clearer form.
Derivable forms: prapañcaḥ (प्रपञ्चः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryPrapañca (प्रपञ्च).—m. (compare Sanskrit id., Pali papañca, and the following items), is a word which in Pali and [Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit] is very hard to define; a careful and searching study of the Pali is needed, and has not been made. Northern translations are unusually bewildering; Tibetan regularly spros (pa), which seems to mean (1) spreading out, enlargement, and (2) activity. Suzuki's Index to Laṅkāvatāra-sūtra cites three Chin. renderings, (1) frivolous talk (this is the only Chin. recorded in Index to Bodhisattvabhūmi, with reference to 51.15), (2) falsehood, (3) the error of false statement. [Tibetan-English Dictionary] s.v. spros pa (two items) offers a confused variety of interpretations; for the neg. (niṣ-pra°, a-pra°, etc.) he says the state of an absolute inactivity. The state of freedom from prapañca is always praised; common is niṣ-(niḥ-)prapañca, free from…, Mahāvyutpatti 2925 (among synonyms for gambhīra); (Ārya-)Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa 12.4 (form [Page381-a+ 71] corrupt); 13.21; Gaṇḍavyūha 471.8; (of the dharmacakra) Lalitavistara 436.11; of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas (Ārya-)Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa 164.9; Gaṇḍavyūha 25.19; Daśabhūmikasūtra.g. 26(52).1; Bodhisattvabhūmi 42.17; Rāṣṭrapālaparipṛcchā 15.15 (verse: aśaṭha akuha niṣprapañca-citto bhavati, which rather suggests falsehood for pra°, with some Chin.); aprapañcaṃ tac cakraṃ, sarvaprapañcopārambhavigatatvāt Lalitavistara 422.16 (see upārambha); vigata-prapañcāḥ (bodhisattvāḥ) Rāṣṭrapālaparipṛcchā 15.2 (verse); in a number of passages pra° is bracketed or closely associated with vikalpa, and the contexts suggest vain fancy, false imagining: viṣayavikalpahetukam anā- dikāla-prapañca-vāsanāhetukaṃ ca Laṅkāvatāra-sūtra 38.1-2, and similarly 42.2; vikalpa-prapañcādhiṣṭhānaṃ vikalpa-pra- pañcālambanaṃ vastu janayanti rūpādi-saṃjñakaṃ Bodhisattvabhūmi 51.3-5; vikalpādhiṣṭhānasya prapañcavastunaḥ (dṛṣṭy- asmimānasya…) 15; vikalpa-prapañca-vastv-āśrayā sat- kāyadṛṣṭir…16-17; tasya savastukasya vikalpasya nirodho yaḥ, sa sarva-prapañca-nirodho veditavyaḥ; evaṃ ca prapañca-nirodho (etc., as cited s.v. parinirvāṇa) Bodhisattvabhūmi 55.15 ff.; saṃjñāvikalpāḥ prapañca-saṅgānugatā(ḥ) 266.5-6; sarva-vikalpa-prapañcātītā(ḥ) (tathāgatāḥ) Laṅkāvatāra-sūtra 19.18; jalpa-prapañcābhiratā hi bālās Laṅkāvatāra-sūtra 186.8, see jalpa, the interpretation of which is doubtful, which in- creases the uncertainty of prapañca; prapañcārāma- Śikṣāsamuccaya 105.3, delight in pra°; °cārāmam adhikṛtyāha 114.13. followed by a series of verses on the subject (prapañca-cārin, acting with or according to… 114.17, 19); pra° bracketed with vigraha, strife, 115.2; its object is possessions, 4-7 (na vo 'sti kṣetraṃ na kṛṣir vaṇijyā syur yasya arthāya prapañca etc 6-7); next a verse devoted to vigraha, as based on family and possessions, 8—11; then again a verse on pra°, ending prapañca varjitva janetha kṣāntim 15; prapañca-cāra, the course of pra°, again contrasted with kṣānti, 18-19; parallel with iñjana, manyana, spandana (text syan°), Gaṇḍavyūha 253.14 (verse), see prapañcana and °cita, similarly used; important is Mūla-madhyamaka-kārikā 448.1 ff., (prakṛti-) śānte niḥsvabhāve tathāgate sarvaprapañcātīte manda- buddhitayā śāśvatāśāśvatādikayā nityānityāstināstiśūnyā- śūnyasarvajñāsarvajñādikayā (here a kārikā verse:) pra- pañcayanti (see this) ye buddhaṃ prapañcātītam avyayaṃ, te prapañca-hatāḥ sarve na paśyanti tathāgataṃ. (Comm. continues:) vastu-nibandhanā hi prapañcāḥ syur, ava- stukaḥ (so!) ca tathāgataḥ, kutaḥ prapañcānāṃ pravṛtti- saṃbhava iti.ataḥ prapañcātītas tathāgataḥ…tam itthaṃvidhaṃ tathāgataṃ svotprekṣitamithyā-parikalpa- mala-malina-mānasa-tayā vividhair abhūtaiḥ parikalpa- viśeṣair ye buddhaṃ bhagavantam prapañcayanti, te svakair eva prapañcair hatāḥ santas…; here false fancy, vain imagining, seems not far wrong; note parikalpa associated with it; prapañcopaśamaḥ Mūla-madhyamaka-kārikā 538.3 (verse), with sarvopalambhopaśamaḥ.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryPrapañca (प्रपञ्च).—m.
(-ñcaḥ) 1. Reverse, opposition, reversion or inversion. 2. Extent, expanse. 3. Heap, abundance, quantity. 4. Delusion, deceit, trick or fraud. 5. Joke, jest. 6. Prolixity, copiousness, in style or composition. 7. Error, illusion, 8. The world, considered as the expansion of the primary germ and as the scene of manifold action. 9. Elucidation, explanation. 10. Phenomenon, appearance. E. pra before, ṣaci to spread, aff. ac .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryPrapañca (प्रपञ्च).—m. 1. Extent. 2. Development, analysis, Bhāṣāp. 126. 3. Prelixity. 4. Heap. 5. Error. 6. Delusion, deceit, [Pañcatantra] 256, 1.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryPrapañca (प्रपञ्च).—[masculine] expansion, development, prolixity, amplification; the visible world or universe (ph.).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Prapañca (प्रपञ्च):—[=pra-pañca] m. (√1. pac, or pañc) expansion, development, manifestation, [Māṇḍūkya-upaniṣad, 12 mantra; Kāvya literature; Kathāsaritsāgara]
2) [v.s. ...] manifoldness, diversity, [Kāvya literature; Śaṃkarācārya; Pañcatantra]
3) [v.s. ...] amplification, prolixity, diffuseness, copiousness (in style; cena ind. and ca-tas ind. diffusely, in detail), [Harivaṃśa; Hitopadeśa]
4) [v.s. ...] manifestation of or form of ([genitive case]), [Hitopadeśa; Bhāṣāpariccheda]
5) [v.s. ...] appearance, phenomenon, [Vikramāṅkadeva-carita, by Bilhaṇa]
6) [v.s. ...] (in [philosophy]) the expansion of the universe, the visible world, [Upaniṣad; Kapila; Sarvadarśana-saṃgraha]
7) [v.s. ...] (in [rhetoric]) mutual false praise, [Pratāparudrīya]
8) [v.s. ...] (in [dramatic language]) ludicrous dialogue, [Sāhitya-darpaṇa]
9) [v.s. ...] (in gram.) the repetition of an obscure rule in a clearer form, [Pāṇini [Scholiast or Commentator]]
10) [v.s. ...] (said to be encl. after a finite verb [gana] gotrādi)
11) [v.s. ...] deceit, trick, fraud, error, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
12) [v.s. ...] opposition, reversion, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryPrapañca (प्रपञ्च):—[pra-pañca] (ñcaḥ) 1. m. Reverse, opposition; expanse; heap; delusion; prolixity; jest; error.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Prapañca (प्रपञ्च) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Pavaṃca, Pavaṃcā.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusPrapaṃca (ಪ್ರಪಂಚ):—
1) [noun] the space, amount or degree to which a thing extends; extent.
2) [noun] the earth and its inhabitants; the world.
3) [noun] the mundane life (as diff. from the spiritual life).
4) [noun] an instance of cheating or being cheated.
5) [noun] a multitude of people, things or animals.
6) [noun] reports, collectively, of recent happenings; news.
7) [noun] quality, state, fact or instance of being diverse; difference; diversity.
8) [noun] a separating or breaking up of any whole into its parts, esp. with an examination of these parts to find out their nature, proportion, function, interrelationship, etc.; an analysis.
9) [noun] a becoming evident; a manifesting or being manifested; manifestation.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Source: unoes: Nepali-English DictionaryPrapañca (प्रपञ्च):—n. 1. worldly affairs and entanglements; mundane affairs; 2. deception fraud; trickery; knavery; artifice; 3. illusion; hypocrisy; pomposity; delusion;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+8): Prapamcajnana, Prapamcate, Prapancabhuta, Prapancabuddhi, Prapancacatura, Prapancacinta, Prapancahridaya, Prapancamithyatva, Prapancamithyatvanumana, Prapancamithyatvanumanakhandana, Prapancamithyatvanumanakhandanaparashu, Prapancamritasara, Prapancanirmana, Prapancaracana, Prapancasara, Prapancasarasambandhadipika, Prapancasarasamgraha, Prapancasarasarasamgraha, Prapancasaraviveka, Prapancasya.
Full-text (+108): Nishprapanca, Prapancabuddhi, Mahaprapanca, Prapancasara, Aprapanca, Natakaprapanca, Svapnaprapanca, Prapancavacana, Prekshaprapanca, Bahuprapanca, Sthulaprapanca, Pancayudhaprapanca, Prapancacatura, Sthulasukshmaprapanca, Purashcaranaprapanca, Namaprapanca, Saprapanca, Antaraprapanca, Prapancatas, Prapancatva.
Relevant text
Search found 85 books and stories containing Prapanca, Pra-panca, Pra-pañca, Prapamca, Prapaṃca, Prapañca, Prāpañca, Prapañcā; (plurals include: Prapancas, pancas, pañcas, Prapamcas, Prapaṃcas, Prapañcas, Prāpañcas, Prapañcās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary) (by Śrī Śrīmad Bhaktivedānta Nārāyana Gosvāmī Mahārāja)
Verse 2.4.180 < [Chapter 4 - Vaikuṇṭha (the spiritual world)]
Verse 1.7.111-112 < [Chapter 7 - Pūrṇa (pinnacle of excellent devotees)]
Verse 2.4.42-43 < [Chapter 4 - Vaikuṇṭha (the spiritual world)]
Mandukya Upanishad (Madhva commentary) (by Srisa Chandra Vasu)
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Mahayana Buddhism and Early Advaita Vedanta (Study) (by Asokan N.)
Liberation in early Advaita Vedanta (by Aleksandar Uskokov)
1. The Upaniṣads and Para-and Apara-vidyā < [Chapter 8 - Vedānta-Vākya and the Identity Statements]
5. Parisaṅkhyāna: A Second Avenue < [Chapter 9 - Liberation and the Inquiry into Brahman]
5. The “Another Cognition” Meditation < [Chapter 5 - The Doctrine of Prasaṅkhyāna]
Yasastilaka and Indian culture (Study) (by Krishna Kanta Jandiqui)
2. Discussion of Buddhist doctrines < [Chapter 8 - Philosophical doctrines]
9. The Shaiva doctrines < [Chapter 8 - Philosophical doctrines]
6. The Barhaspatya school of thought < [Chapter 9 - Schools of Thought]