Pramatha, Pramātha: 18 definitions
Introduction:
Pramatha means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
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In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
1) Pramātha (प्रमाथ).—A son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (Śloka 13, Chapter 116, Ādi Parva).
2) Pramātha (प्रमाथ).—One of the two pārṣadas given to Subrahmaṇya by Yamarāja. The other one was named Unmātha. (Śloka 30, Chapter 45, Śalya Parva).
3) Pramātha (प्रमाथ).—A rākṣasa (demon). This rākṣasa was a minister of demons Khara and Dūṣaṇa. (Sarga 23, Araṇyakāṇḍa, Vālmīki Rāmāyana).
Pramatha (प्रमथ) refers to a group of deities who together with the nine Durgās participated in Vīrabhadra’s campaign against Dakṣa, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.2.33. Accordingly, as Brahmā narrated to Nārada:—“Mahākālī went ahead for the destruction of Dakṣa accompanied by nine Durgās [...]. Eager in executing the command of Śiva, they accompanied the marching heroes—[viz., Pramathas] and set out quickly for the destruction of Dakṣa’s sacrifice”.
Pramatha (प्रमथ).—A class of bhūtas who constituted the gaṇa of Śiva;1 evil-eyed spirits;2 followers of Rudra and of Dakṣiṇa Agni;3 of animal and other cruel faces;4 fight of, under the leadership of Nandi, against the Asuras;5 defended the chariot of Tripurāri;6 put down by Kṛṣṇa;7 at Bāṇa's capital.
- 1) Bhāgavata-purāṇa IV. 2. 15; V. 5. 21; Vāyu-purāṇa 39. 43; 72. 50.
- 2) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 16 51; 42. 33; Bhāgavata-purāṇa VI. 8. 25.
- 3) Ib. X. 63. 6; 66. 30.
- 4) Matsya-purāṇa 135. 33.
- 5) Ib. 136. 19, 34, 67; 137. 1; 138. 10, 55.
- 6) Ib. 133. 66 and 69.
- 7) Bhāgavata-purāṇa X. 37. 13; 85. 41; Viṣṇu-purāṇa V. 33. 13, 24 and 27, 34. 40.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Kavya (poetry)
1) Pramatha (प्रमथ) refers to a group of deites, representing “attendants of Śiva”, according to the Kathāsaritsāgara.
2) Pramātha (प्रमाथ) is the name of a king whose strength is considered as equaling a half-power warrior (ardharatha), according to the Kathāsaritsāgara, chapter 47. Accordingly, as the Asura Maya explained the arrangement of warriors in Sunītha’s army: “... [Pramātha, and others], are considered half-power warriors”.
The story of Pramātha was narrated by the Vidyādhara king Vajraprabha to prince Naravāhanadatta in order to relate how “Sūryaprabha, being a man, obtain of old time the sovereignty over the Vidyādharas”.
The Kathāsaritsāgara (‘ocean of streams of story’), mentioning Pramatha, is a famous Sanskrit epic story revolving around prince Naravāhanadatta and his quest to become the emperor of the vidyādharas (celestial beings). The work is said to have been an adaptation of Guṇāḍhya’s Bṛhatkathā consisting of 100,000 verses, which in turn is part of a larger work containing 700,000 verses.
Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.
Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)
Pramatha (प्रमथ) refers to an aspect of nṛsiṃha (‘man-lion’), according to the Vihagendra-saṃhitā 4.17, which mentions seventy-four forms (inlcuding twenty forms of vyūha). He is also known as Pramathanṛsiṃha or Pramathanarasiṃha. Nṛsiṃha is a Tantric deity and refers to the furious (ugra) incarnation of Viṣṇu.
The 15th-century Vihagendra-saṃhīta is a canonical text of the Pāñcarātra corpus and, in twenty-four chapters, deals primarely with meditation on mantras and sacrificial oblations.
Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Pramatha (प्रमथ) is the name of the deity associated with Hāsya or the “comic sentiment”, which represents one of the nine kinds of Rasa (“soul of Drama”), according to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.—The Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa says that hāsyarasa is generated from some irrelevant or funny conversations or attires which bring humour to the viewers’ mind and the viewers start laughing. [...] Hāsa is the sthāyibhāva of this sentiment. Sita i.e., white is the colour and Pramatha is the God of this sentiment.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Biology (plants and animals)
Pramatha in India is the name of a plant defined with Terminalia chebula in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Myrobalanus chebula (Retz.) Gaertn. (among others).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Plant Systematics and Evolution (1996)
· FBI (1878)
· De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum (1790)
· Journal of Cytology and Genetics (1990)
· Systema Naturae, ed. 12 (1767)
· Observationes Botanicae (1789)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Pramatha, for example pregnancy safety, chemical composition, side effects, diet and recipes, health benefits, extract dosage, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Pramatha (प्रमथ).—
1) A horse.
2) Name of a class of Beings (said to be goblins) attending on Śiva; प्रमथमुखविकारैर्हासयामास गूढम् (pramathamukhavikārairhāsayāmāsa gūḍham) Kumārasambhava 7.95.
Derivable forms: pramathaḥ (प्रमथः).
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Pramātha (प्रमाथ).—
1) Excessive paining, tormenting, torturing.
2) Agitating, churning.
3) Killing, slaughter, destruction, सैनिकानां प्रमाथेन सत्यमोजायितं त्वया (sainikānāṃ pramāthena satyamojāyitaṃ tvayā) Uttararāmacarita 5.31;4.
4) Violence, outrage.
5) Rape, forcible abduction.
-thāḥ m. (pl.) Epithet of the fiends attendant upon Śiva.
Derivable forms: pramāthaḥ (प्रमाथः).
Pramatha (प्रमथ).—m.
(-thaḥ) 1. An attendant on Siva. 2. A horse. f.
(-thā) 1. Yellow myrobalan, (Terminalia chebula.) “haritakyām”. 2. Pain, affliction. E. pra excess, mathi to churn, (the enemies of Siva,) aff. ac .
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Pramātha (प्रमाथ).—m.
(-thaḥ) 1. Killing. 2. Paining, afflicting, torturing. 3. Violence. E. pra before, mathi to churn, ghañ aff.
Pramatha (प्रमथ).—[pra-math + a], I. m. 1. A horse. 2. An attendant on Śiva, Mahābhārata 13, 983. Ii. f. thā, Terminalia chebula.
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Pramātha (प्रमाथ).—i. e. pra-math + a, m. 1. Paining, torturing. 2. Violence. 3. Carrying off forcibly (ŚKd.), [Draupadīpramātha]; title. 4. Killing, [Uttara Rāmacarita, 2. ed. Calc., 1862.] 120, 8.
Pramatha (प्रमथ).—[masculine] tormentor (a kind of goblin); [Name] of a man, [feminine] ā of a woman.
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Pramātha (प्रमाथ).—[masculine] tearing, rape (of a woman), overwhelming, destruction.
1) Pramatha (प्रमथ):—[=pra-matha] [from pra-math] m. ‘Tormentor’, Name of a class of demons attending on Śiva, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc. (cf. [Religious Thought and Life in India 238])
2) [v.s. ...] of a son of Dhṛta-rāṣṭra, [Mahābhārata]
3) [v.s. ...] a horse, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
4) Pramathā (प्रमथा):—[=pra-mathā] [from pra-matha > pra-math] f. Terminalia Chebula or Citrina, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
5) [v.s. ...] Name of the wife of Kṣupa and mother of Vīra, [Mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇa]
6) [v.s. ...] pain, affliction, [Horace H. Wilson]
7) Pramātha (प्रमाथ):—[=pra-mātha] [from pra-math] a m. stirring about, racking, paining, tormenting, [Mahābhārata; Harivaṃśa]
8) [v.s. ...] rape (cf. draupadī-pr)
9) [v.s. ...] subjugation, destruction (of enemies), [Uttararāma-carita]
10) [v.s. ...] Name of a son of Dhṛta-rāṣṭra, [Mahābhārata]
11) [v.s. ...] of one of the attendants of Skanda, [ib.]
12) [v.s. ...] of a Dānava, [Kathāsaritsāgara]
13) [v.s. ...] [plural] Name of a class of fiends attending on Śiva, [Harivaṃśa] (cf. pramatha).
14) [=pra-mātha] b etc. See pra-√math.
1) Pramatha (प्रमथ):—[pra-matha] (thaḥ) 1. m. An attendant on Shiva; a horse. f. (thā) Yellow myrobalan; pain, affliction.
2) Pramātha (प्रमाथ):—[pra-mātha] (thaḥ) 1. m. Killing; violence.
Pramatha (प्रमथ):—(von math mit pra)
1) m. a) Zerrer, Bez. einer Art von Kobolden im Gefolge Śiva’s [Amarakoṣa 1, 1, 1, 31. 3, 4, 13, 48.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 201.] [Medinīkoṣa th. 21.] [Halāyudha 1, 14.] pramathānāṃ gaṇaiścaiva samantātparivāritam (śivam) [Mahābhārata 13, 983. 5924. 6141. fgg.] [Harivaṃśa 8146. 8285.] [Kumārasaṃbhava 7, 95.] varau [Kathāsaritsāgara 1, 63.] [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 52, 82. 55, 15.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 4, 4, 34. 5, 5, 21.] [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 83,] [?23.Inschr. in Journ. of the Am. Or. S. 6, 502, Śloka 1. Vopadeva’s Grammatik 5, 7.] patiḥ pramathabhūtānām (Śiva) [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 4, 2, 15.] nātha Beiname Śiva’s [1, 15, 9.] [Mahābhārata 12, 10361.] pati desgl. [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 199.] pramathādhipa desgl. [Amarakoṣa 1, 1, 1, 27.] [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 58, 58.] Beiname Gaṇeśa’s [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 207,] [Scholiast] — b) Nomen proprium eines der 100 Söhne des Dhṛtarāṣṭra [Mahābhārata 1, 4552.] — c) Pferd [Śabdaratnāvalī im Śabdakalpadruma] —
2) f. ā a) Terminalia Chebula oder citrina (harītakī) [Medinīkoṣa] — b) Nomen proprium der Gattin Kṣupa’s und Mutter Vīra’s [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 120, 13.] — Vgl. pramātha, pramāthin .
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Pramātha (प्रमाथ):—(von math mit pra) m.
1) das Zerren: pramāthonmathanaiḥ [Mahābhārata 4, 352] [?(Harivaṃśa 4717).] pannagasya [13, 26.] das gewaltsame Entführen eines Weibes [3, 15651.] [Harivaṃśa 6621.] draupadī heisst bei [BOPP] eine Episode, die in der Calc. Ausg. des [Mahābhārata] draupadīharaṇa betitelt ist. —
2) Nomen proprium eines der Söhne des Dhṛtarāṣṭra [Mahābhārata 7, 6938.] eines Wesens im Gefolge des Skanda [9, 2532.] eines Dānava [Kathāsaritsāgara 47, 12.] pl. = pramatha Bez. des Gefolges von Śiva [Harivaṃśa 10487. 10494. 10582. 10859.] — Vgl. pramatha .
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Pramātha (प्रमाथ):—
1) Bezwingung, Vernichtung: dviṣām [UTTARARĀMAC. 92, 1 v. u. (120, 8).]
Pramatha (प्रमथ):——
1) m. — a) Zerrer Bez. einer Art von Kobolden im Gefolge Śiva's. prathama m. Bez. des Bhrṅgiriṭi [Bālarāmāyaṇa 32,16.] — b) Nomen proprium eines Sohnes des Dhṛtarāṣṭra. — c) *pferd. —
2) f. ā — a) *Terminalia Chebula oder citrina. — b) Nomen proprium einer Frau.
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Pramātha (प्रमाथ):—m. —
1) das Zerren. —
2) die gewaltsame Entführung eines Weibes. —
3) Bezwingung , Vernichtung. —
4) Nomen proprium — a) Pl. des Gefolges von Śiva. — b) eines Wersens im Gefolge Skanda's. — c) eines Dānava. — d) eines Sohnes des Dhṛtarāṣṭra.
Pramatha (प्रमथ) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Pamaha.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Pramatha (ಪ್ರಮಥ):—
1) [noun] a member of a class of demigods attending on Śiva.
2) [noun] a man who torments; a tomentor.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Pramatha (प्रमथ):—n. 1. an exploiter; 2. Mythol. a fierce attendant deity;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): Pra, Matha, Mata.
Starts with (+0): Pramathadhipa, Pramathagana, Pramathahata, Pramathaka, Pramathalaya, Pramathamah, Pramathana, Pramathanarasimha, Pramathanashamana, Pramathanatha, Pramathanathamakha, Pramathanrisimha, Pramathapati, Pramathaprathama, Pramathatva.
Full-text (+97): Pramathalaya, Pramathadhipa, Pramathanatha, Pramathapati, Pramathagana, Pramathaprathama, Draupadipramatha, Pramathahata, Pramathin, Pramathini, Piramatar, Pramathanrisimha, Pramathanarasimha, Sangai, Pamaha, Pramathita, Pramathatva, Pramath, Umatha, Piramatakanam.
Relevant text
Search found 56 books and stories containing Pramatha, Pramātha, Pra-matha, Pramathā, Pra-mathā, Pra-mātha, Pramathas; (plurals include: Pramathas, Pramāthas, mathas, Pramathās, mathās, māthas, Pramathases). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Amarakoshodghatana of Kshirasvamin (study) (by A. Yamuna Devi)
The Divine Attendants < [Chapter 4 - Cultural Aspects]
Shiva Purana (by J. L. Shastri)
Chapter 47 - Description of swallowing Śukra < [Section 2.5 - Rudra-saṃhitā (5): Yuddha-khaṇḍa]
Chapter 48 - Swallowing of Śukra < [Section 2.5 - Rudra-saṃhitā (5): Yuddha-khaṇḍa]
Chapter 54 - The fight among Bāṇa, Śiva, Kṛṣṇa and others < [Section 2.5 - Rudra-saṃhitā (5): Yuddha-khaṇḍa]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 432 < [Bengali-Hindi-English, Volume 3]
Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 16 - The World of Śukra (Venus) < [Section 1 - Pūrvārdha]
Chapter 89 - Manifestation of Dakṣeśvara < [Section 2 - Uttarārdha]
Chapter 53 - Śiva’s Attendants Go to Vārāṇasī < [Section 2 - Uttarārdha]
Vishnu Purana (Taylor) (by McComas Taylor)
Chapter 33 - Aniruddha is bound by Bāṇa and freed by Kṛṣṇa < [Book Five: Kṛṣṇa]
Chapter 34 - Kṛṣṇa burns Vārāṇasī < [Book Five: Kṛṣṇa]
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 6.1.30 < [Chapter 1 - Jarāsandha’s Defeat]
Verse 8.13.86 < [Chapter 13 - A Thousand Names of Lord Balarāma]