Prakrama: 16 definitions
Introduction:
Prakrama means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Prakrama (प्रक्रम).—(l) the place of articulation, the place of the production of sound, such as throat, chest, palate and the like; cf. प्रक्रम्यन्ते अस्मिन्वर्णा इति प्रक्रमः स्थानमुच्यते (prakramyante asminvarṇā iti prakramaḥ sthānamucyate) M. Bh. Pradipa on सिद्धं तु समानप्रक्रमवचनात् (siddhaṃ tu samānaprakramavacanāt) P.I.2.30 Vart.2; (2) recital of Veda, described as क्रमपाठ (kramapāṭha) cf. उभयथा च प्रक्रमे दोषो भवति (ubhayathā ca prakrame doṣo bhavati) M.Bh.on P. VIII. 4.28 cf. also "अष्टसु प्रक्रमेषु दोषो भवति (aṣṭasu prakrameṣu doṣo bhavati)"quoted in the Mahabhasya on P.VI. 1.172; (3) regularity in the position of words, regular order of words.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)
Prakrama (प्रक्रम) refers to the “methods” (of training elephants)”, according to the 15th century Mātaṅgalīlā composed by Nīlakaṇṭha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.—[Cf. chapter 12, “On the qualities of elephant drivers, etc.”]: “2. Skilled in methods of training (elephants) (śikṣā-prakrama-dakṣa), knowing the various methods of wielding hooks and sticks, well informed as to strength (of elephants) and as to places and times (for the various elements of their regimen), skilful in dealing with the must-fluid, dexterous in the ways of mounting and dismounting, calm, knowing the stages of (an elephant’s) life and his vulnerable points,—so the sages describe a king’s elephant manager”.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Prakrama (प्रक्रम) refers to a unit of measurement (used during construction of Hindu temples).—In the Āpastambaśrautasūtra, the measurement of the abode of āhavanīya fire is mentioned with the unit of prakrama and it fixes the area as eight prakrama for Brahmins. In the commentary of Rudradātta on Āpastambaśrautasūtra, the unit called prakrama is identified as dvipada or tripada. In the later period, the practice of worship of image as well as the necessity of the construction of temple came into being gradually.
India history and geography
Prakrama.—(CII 1), an effort; zealous activity; same as parākrama. Note: prakrama is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Prakrama (प्रक्रम).—1 A step, stride.
2) A pace considered as a measure of distance.
3) Commencement, beginning.
4) (a) Stepping forward, proceeding. (b) Procedure, course; कोऽयं विधेः प्रक्रमः (ko'yaṃ vidheḥ prakramaḥ) Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 5.24.
5) The case in question.
6) Leisure, opportunity.
7) Regularity, order, method.
8) Degree, proportion, measure.
9) The reading of the Kramapāṭha.
1) Discussing any point in question.
Derivable forms: prakramaḥ (प्रक्रमः).
Prakrama (प्रक्रम).—m.
(-maḥ) 1. Proceeding, going. 2. Leisure, opportunity. 3. Beginning. 4. Surpassing, overcoming. 5. A step, a stride. 6. A place considered as a measure of distance. 7. Proportion, order, method. E. pra first, kram to go, aff. ac .
Prakrama (प्रक्रम).—[pra-kram + a], m. 1. Proceeding. 2. Beginning, [Kathāsaritsāgara, (ed. Brockhaus.)] 18, 63 (prācī-, Beginning from the east). 3. Opportunity. 4. Proportion, [Vedāntasāra, (in my Chrestomathy.)] in
Prakrama (प्रक्रम).—[masculine] step, stride (also as a measure of distance); commencement, beginning, proportion, measure.
1) Prakrama (प्रक्रम):—[=pra-krama] [from pra-kram] m. (ifc. f(ā). ) stepping, proceeding, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
2) [v.s. ...] a step, stride, pace (also as a measure of distance, the length of which is variously stated at 2 or 3 or 3 1/2 Padas, also at more or less), [Brāhmaṇa; Gṛhya-sūtra and śrauta-sūtra]
3) [v.s. ...] commencement, beginning, procedure, course, [Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra; Mālatīmādhava; Prabodha-candrodaya; Kathāsaritsāgara]
4) [v.s. ...] leisure, opportunity, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
5) [v.s. ...] relation, proportion, degree, measure, [Vedāntasāra]
6) [v.s. ...] method, order, regularity (esp in the position of words and in gram. construction; cf. -bhaṅga)
7) [v.s. ...] the reading of the Krama (= krama-pāṭha q.v.), [Patañjali]
8) [v.s. ...] discussing any point in question
9) [v.s. ...] the case in qu°, [Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary]
10) [v.s. ...] ([plural]) a series of oblations corresponding to the movements of a sacrificial horse, [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa; Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra]
Prakrama (प्रक्रम):—[pra-krama] (maḥ) 1. m. Beginning; proceeding; surpassing; opportunity.
Prakrama (प्रक्रम):—(von kram mit pra) m.
1) Schritt [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 10, 2, 3, 1. fgg.] [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 8, 3, 7. 5, 30. 4, 8, 19. 7, 2, 3.] das Maass des Schritts wird von den Erklärern der Ritualbücher auf zwei, drei, viertehalb Pada, aber auch niedriger und höher angegeben, so dass eine feste Bestimmung darüber nicht vorhanden gewesen zu sein scheint. [Taittirīyabrāhmaṇa] Comm. [I, S. 26, 3.] Schol. zu [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 687, 7. 688, 5. 6. 689, 10. 361, Anm. 365, 22.] mānāni diṣṭikudiṣṭivitastimuṣṭyaratnipadaprakramāḥ [Kauśika’s Sūtra zum Atuarvaveda 85.] prakramatṛtīya Drittel eines Quadratschritts [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 19, 2, 2.] pakrama = krama das Schreiten, Vorschreiten [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha 3, 468.] [Medinīkoṣa Manu’s Gesetzbuch 49.] —
2) Anfang, Beginn [Amarakoṣa 3, 3, 26.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 1510.] [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 7, 1, 32. 24, 3, 26.] viruddho yaṃ samudācāraḥ [Prabodhacandrodaja 105, 14.] pūrvajairapi hi prācīprakrameṇa jitā diśaḥ indem sie mit Osten begannen [Kathāsaritsāgara 18, 63. 19, 55], wo ebenfalls prācīkrameṇa st. prācīṃ kra zu lesen ist. —
3) Gelegenheit [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 1509.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] —
4) Verhältniss, Maass: kāraṇaguṇaprakrameṇa [Vedānta lecture No. 42.] —
5) best. Spenden, welche den Bewegungen des Opferrosses entsprechen, [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 13, 4, 3, 4. fgg.] [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 20, 3, 3.] —
6) die Krama-Lesung (s.) krama [?8. Patañjali zu Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 8, 4, 28.]
Prakrama (प्रक्रम):—m. (adj. Comp. f. ā) —
1) *das Schreiten , Vorschreiten. —
2) Schritt auch als best. Längenmaass [Śulbasūtra 1,15.Gorh.3,7,6.] tṛtīya n. ein Drittel eines Quadratschrittes. —
3) Anfang , Beginn. —
4) *Gelegenheit. —
5) Verhältniss , Maass. —
6) richtige Aufeinanderfolge der Wörter , grammatische Construction. —
7) Pl. Bez. best. Spenden , welche den Bewegungen des Opferrosses entsprechen. —
8) = krama 11).
Prakrama (प्रक्रम) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Pakkama.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Prakrama (प्रक्रम) [Also spelled prakram]:—(nm) a process; sequence; series.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Prakrama (ಪ್ರಕ್ರಮ):—
1) [noun] a going ahead; a moving forward.
2) [noun] the end part of the leg, on which a person or animal stands or moves; a foot; a step.
3) [noun] the distance covered by stepping once, while walking.
4) [noun] a commencing of a work, undertaking, etc.; commencement; a start.
5) [noun] a course of action; method or manner of doing something.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Prakrama (प्रक्रम):—n. 1. → उपक्रम [upakrama ] ; 2. proceeding; course; 3. opportunity; occasion; 4. regularity; order;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Prakramabhanga, Prakramabhangavant, Prakramabhangavat, Prakramadaksha, Prakramamana, Prakramana, Prakramani, Prakramaniruddha, Prakramaniya, Prakramat, Prakramatritiya, Prakramaviruddha.
Full-text (+11): Bhagnaprakrama, Prakramabhanga, Prakramatritiya, Prakramabhangavat, Prakramaviruddha, Navatiprakrama, Prakram, Bhagnaprakramata, Nitprakrama, Prakramaniruddha, Pirakkiramam, Atikramaprakrama, Dvipada, Tripada, Gunasangaprakrama, Astakaruna, Shilaprakrama, Akshaughaprakrama, Shikshaprakrama, Prakramadaksha.
Relevant text
Search found 24 books and stories containing Prakrama, Pra-krama; (plurals include: Prakramas, kramas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
The Agnistoma Somayaga in the Shukla Yajurveda (by Madan Haloi)
Part 3.1: Construction of the Mahāvedī < [Chapter 4 - The Agniṣṭoma Ritual]
Chapter 5 - Summary and Conclusion
Part 4.6: Construction of the Sadas < [Chapter 4 - The Agniṣṭoma Ritual]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 7.52 < [Chapter 7 - Literary Faults]
Text 7.76 < [Chapter 7 - Literary Faults]
Text 8.16 < [Chapter 8 - Literary Qualities]
Satapatha-brahmana (by Julius Eggeling)
Kanda XIII, adhyaya 4, brahmana 3 < [Thirteenth Kanda]
Kanda X, adhyaya 2, brahmana 3 < [Tenth Kanda]
Kanda XII, adhyaya 7, brahmana 3 < [Twelfth Kanda]
Yogadrstisamuccaya of Haribhadra Suri (Study) (by Riddhi J. Shah)
Chapter 4.2d - Jijñāsā (inquisitiveness) < [Chapter 4 - The Eight Yogadṛṣṭis and the nature of a Liberated Soul]
Chapter 5.6 - The three types of Understanding: Budhi, Jñāna, Asaṃmoha < [Chapter 5 - A Line of Demarcation between the first four and last four Yogadṛṣṭis]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 587 < [English-Gujarati-Hindi (1 volume)]
Page 468 < [English-Gujarati-Hindi (1 volume)]
Page 206 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Vishnudharmottara Purana (Art and Architecture) (by Bhagyashree Sarma)
1. Origin and Development of Temple building < [Chapter 4 - Temple Building]