Pragalbha: 17 definitions
Introduction:
Pragalbha means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Praglbha.
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Pragalbha (प्रगल्भ) or Pragalbhanāyikā refers to a “very mature heroine”, of the Svakīya type and represents one of the three kinds of “heroines” (nāyikā) in a dramatic representation, according to the Abhinaya-sara-samputa, as used within the classical tradition of Indian dance and performance, also known as Bharatanatyam.—In the depiction of any mood or sentiment, a dance performance or a dramatic representation takes the medium of the hero (nāyaka) and the heroine (nāyikā). The heroine is called svakīya when she possesses good character and is upright. She is again classified into three types [viz., Pragalbha-nāyikā].
The heroine of the Pragalbha type is very mature and is able to express her feelings to the full extent. There are three activities of this heroine. They are: dhīra (one who is indifferent towards love due to anger but respectful to the lover), dhīradhīra (who vexes her lover by sarcasm when angry), and adhīra (who expresses her hurt feelings openly to her lover by putting him to shame).
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Pragalbha (प्रगल्भ) refers to “one who is noble-minded”, representing a desirable characteristic of an astrologer (Jyotiṣa), according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 2), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “We shall now proceed to give a brief description of (the qualifications of) a jyotiṣaka. [...] He must be of cleanly habits, able, noble-minded [i.e., pragalbha], eloquent and of originality and imagination; must possess a knowledge of place and time; be meek and without nervousness, must be difficult of conquest by his fellow students; must be able and devoid of vices; must be learned in matters of expiatory ceremonies, of Hygiene, of Occult Magic and of ablutions; must be a worshipper of the Devas and an observer of fast and penance; must be of remarkable genius and capable of solving any difficulties save in matters of direct divine interference; and finally, he must be learned in astronomy, natural astrology (Saṃhitā) and horoscopy”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Pragalbha (प्रगल्भ) or Pragalbhatā refers to “maturity and loftiness of demeanour”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.50 (“Description of fun and frolic”).—Accordingly, as Brahmā narrated to Nārada: “[...] Then the sixteen celestial ladies arrived there and saw the couple [i.e., Śiva and Pārvatī] with great respect. [...] The celestial ladies made these sweet witty remarks to Him one by one. [...] Svāhā said:—‘Now, O great lord, be steady in the words of women. There is a duty for women after marriage, maturity and loftiness of demeanour (pragalbhatā)’”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
pragalbha (प्रगल्भ).—a S Matured, confirmed, perfected, fullformed or full-attained. 2 Bold, confident, resolute, energetic. 3 Wise, grave, profound.
pragalbha (प्रगल्भ).—a Matured. Bold. Wise, grave.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Pragalbha (प्रगल्भ).—a.
1) Bold, confident.
2) Daring, brave, intrepid, spirited, courageous; Mahābhārata (Bombay) 12.318.64; इति प्रगल्भं पुरुषाधिराजो मृगाधिराजस्य वचो निशम्य (iti pragalbhaṃ puruṣādhirājo mṛgādhirājasya vaco niśamya) R.2.41.
3) Bold in speech, eloquent; पुंवत् प्रगल्भा प्रतिहाररक्षी (puṃvat pragalbhā pratihārarakṣī) R.6.2.
4) Ready-witted, prompt.
5) Resolute, energetic.
6) Mature (as age); गुरुः प्रगल्भेऽपि वयस्यतोऽस्यास्तस्थौ निवृत्तान्य वराभिलाषः (guruḥ pragalbhe'pi vayasyato'syāstasthau nivṛttānya varābhilāṣaḥ) Kumārasambhava 1.51.
7) Matured, developed, fullgrown, strong; प्रगल्भवाक् (pragalbhavāk) Kumārasambhava 5.3 (prauḍhavāk); Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 9. 29; Uttararāmacarita 6.35.
8) Skilful; प्रगल्भवनितेव कन्यका प्रणनाम (pragalbhavaniteva kanyakā praṇanāma) K.12.
9) Audacious, arrogant, officious, proud.
1) Shameless, impudent; मुखार्पणेषु प्रकृतिप्रगल्भाः (mukhārpaṇeṣu prakṛtipragalbhāḥ) (sindhūḥ) R.13.9.
11) Illustrious, eminent.
-lbhā 1 A bold woman.
2) A shrew, scolding woman.
3) A bold or mature woman, one of the classes of heroines in poetic composition; she is versed in all kinds of caresses, lofty of demeanour, possessed of no great modesty, of mature age, and ruling her husband; स्मरान्धा गाढतारुण्या समस्तरतकोविदा । भावोन्नता दरव्रीडा प्रगल्भाऽऽक्रान्त- नायका (smarāndhā gāḍhatāruṇyā samastaratakovidā | bhāvonnatā daravrīḍā pragalbhā''krānta- nāyakā) || S. D.11 and examples quoted ad loc.
4) An epithet of Durgā.
Pragalbha (प्रगल्भ).—mfn.
(-lbhaḥ-lbhā-lbhaṃ) 1. Bold, confident. 2. Prompt, ready. 3. Resolute, energetic. 4. Illustrious, eminent. 5. Strong, able. 6. Shameless, impudent, audacious. 7. Mature. 8. Developed, great. m.
(-lbhaḥ) The fire used for oblations at the birth of a child. f. (lbhā) 1. A woman who courts her husband’s caresses. 2. A Scolding woman, a shrew. 3. A bold woman experienced in love-matters considered as a character in poetic composition. E. pra much, galbha to be proud, aff. ac .
Pragalbha (प्रगल्भ).—[pra-galbh + a], adj., f. bhā, 1. Bold, confident, Mahābhārata 12, 2592. 2. Prompt, courageous, [Raghuvaṃśa, (ed. Stenzler.)] 2, 41. 3. Brave, Böhtl. Ind. Spr. 1921; eminent. 4. Impudent, Mahābhārata 12, 4210.
Pragalbha (प्रगल्भ).—[adjective] bold, resolute, confident; [abstract] tā [feminine]
1) Pragalbha (प्रगल्भ):—[=pra-galbha] [from pra-galbh] mf(ā)n. bold, confident, resolute, brave, strong, able, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] proud, arrogant, impudent, [Raghuvaṃśa]
3) [v.s. ...] skilful, [Kādambarī]
4) [v.s. ...] illustrious, eminent, [Horace H. Wilson]
5) [v.s. ...] mature (as age), [Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary]
6) [v.s. ...] m. Name of the fire employed at the Jātakarman, [Gṛhyāsaṃgraha]
7) [v.s. ...] (with ācārya) Name of an author (called also Śubhaṃ-kara), [Catalogue(s)]
8) Pragalbhā (प्रगल्भा):—[=pra-galbhā] [from pra-galbha > pra-galbh] f. a bold and confident woman ([especially] one of the classes of heroines in [dramatic language] composition), [Sāhitya-darpaṇa]
9) [v.s. ...] Name of Durgā, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
Pragalbha (प्रगल्भ):—[pra-galbha] (lbhaḥ-lbhā-lbhaṃ) a. Bold; confident; eminent; strong; shameless.
Pragalbha (प्रगल्भ):—(von galbh mit pra)
1) adj. f. ā muthig, entschlossen, Selbstvertrauen besitzend, an den Tag legend [Amarakoṣa 3, 1, 25.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 343.] [Halāyudha 2, 231.] [Taittirīyasaṃhitā 2, 5, 5, 3.] [Mahābhārata 2, 138.] prajñā pragalbhaṃ kurute manuṣyam [?12, 2592. 15, 313. Spr. 1919. 2007. Suśruta 2, 244, 4. Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 2, Anf. WEBER, Jyotiṣa 4, 2.] puṃvatpragalbhā [Raghuvaṃśa 6, 20.] mukhārpaṇeṣu prakṛtipragalbhāḥ sindhūḥ [13, 9.] abhidhāna dem Namen nach (aber nicht in Wirklichkeit) muthig [Rāmāyaṇa 3, 35, 59.] kulāla so v. a. ein tüchtiger Töpfer [Spr. 1921.] vacas eine muthige, entschlossene Rede [Raghuvaṃśa 2, 41. 3, 47.] [Kumārasaṃbhava 5, 30.] [Sāhityadarpana 100.] pragalbhaṃ na vadati [Mṛcchakaṭikā 24, 9.] vidvānmūrkhapragalbhena mṛdutīkṣṇena bhārata . ākruśyamānaḥ (so ist zu lesen) sadasi kathaṃ kuryāt von einem dummdreisten Menschen [Mahābhārata 12, 4210.] rata [Spr. 1885.] vayas das selbständige, reife Alter [Kumārasaṃbhava 1, 52.] pragalbhā eine zuversichtliche, dreiste Heroine (mature [BALL.]): smarāndhā gāḍhatāruṇyā samastaratakovidā . bhāvonnatā daravrīḍā pragalbhākrāntanāyakā .. [Sāhityadarpana 101. 98. 104. 43, 3.] a unentschlossen, schüchtern, ängstlich [Mahābhārata 1, 6550. 8, 4159.] [Spr. 2257.] [Śākuntala 26, 10.] Schol. zu [24.] manas [Spr. 3236.] tvāmapragalbhairvirutairyācanta iva pakṣiṇaḥ [Rāmāyaṇa Gorresio 2, 43, 34.] supragalbha [Amarakoṣa 3, 4, 16, 98.] sapragalbham (viell. supragalbham zu lesen) adv. muthig, entschlossen [Kathāsaritsāgara 26, 277.] Vgl. goṣṭhepragalbha . —
2) Beiname des Agni beim Jātakarman [Gṛhyasaṃgrahapariśiṣṭa 1, 3.] —
3) m. (ācārya) Nomen proprium eines philos. Autors [HALL 29.] —
4) f. ā Beiname der Durgā [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 50.] — Vgl. prāgalbha, prāgalbhya .
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Prāgalbha (प्रागल्भ):—[Sāhityadarpana 133] fehlerhaft für prāgalbhya, wie die ältere Ausg. liest.
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Pragalbha (प्रगल्भ):—
1) a [Spr. 170] (vgl. Theil [3, S. 358]).
Pragalbha (प्रगल्भ):——
1) Adj. (f. ā) muthig , entschlossen , Selbstvertrauen habend , -an den Tag legend , davon zeugend , seiner Kraft sich bewusst. —
2) m. — a) Bez. des Agni beim Jātakarman. — b) Nomen proprium eines Autors. —
3) f. ā — a) eine zuversichtliche , dreiste Heroine. — b) *Beiname der Durgā.
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Prāgalbha (प्रागल्भ):—n. [Sāhityadarpaṇa 133] fehlerhaft für prāgalbhya.
Pragalbha (प्रगल्भ) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Pagabbha, Pagabbhā.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
1) Pragalbha (प्रगल्भ) [Also spelled pragalbh]:—(a) mature; insolent, impertinent, cheeky; outspoken; venturesome; ~[tā] maturity; insolence, impertinence, cheekiness; outspokenness; venturesomeness.
2) Pragalbhā (प्रगल्भा) [Also spelled praglbha]:—(nf) a matured heroine/woman, according to traditional Indian Poetics a heroine well conversant with the art of love/erotic affairs.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Pragalbha (ಪ್ರಗಲ್ಭ):—
1) [adjective] endowed with a talent; talented.
2) [adjective] willing to face danger, pain or trouble; not afraid; brave; courageous.
3) [adjective] well grown or developed.
4) [adjective] having or showing a wide knowledge gained from reading; learned; scholarly.
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Pragalbha (ಪ್ರಗಲ್ಭ):—
1) [noun] a brave, courageous man.
2) [noun] an erudite scholar.
3) [noun] a man endowed with talent.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
1) Pragalbha (प्रगल्भ):—adj. 1. bold; confident; 2. daring; brave; courageous; 3. prompt; practical;
2) Pragalbha (प्रगल्भ):—n. 1. pride; arrogance; 2. cleverness; practicality; 3. opportunism;
3) Pragalbhā (प्रगल्भा):—n. 1. a bold woman; 2. a bold or mature woman; one of the classes of heroines;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Pragalbha acarya, Pragalbhakulala, Pragalbhalakshana, Pragalbhalakshanaprakasha, Pragalbham, Pragalbhamanas, Pragalbhana, Pragalbhata, Pragalbhate, Pragalbhatva, Pragalbhavac, Pragalbhayate.
Full-text (+13): Apragalbha, Pragalbhata, Pragalbham, Pragalbhalakshana, Goshthepragalbha, Pragalbhya, Pragalbhakulala, Pragalbhavac, Pragalbhamanas, Pragalbhatva, Pagabbha, Pragalbh, Pragalbhalakshanaprakasha, Pragalbha acarya, Pumvat, Shridarpana, Dvitiyapragalbhalakshana, Dvitiyapragalbhalakshananugama, Praglbha, Shautira.
Relevant text
Search found 45 books and stories containing Pragalbha, Pra-galbha, Pra-galbhā, Pragalbhā, Prāgalbha; (plurals include: Pragalbhas, galbhas, galbhās, Pragalbhās, Prāgalbhas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Dramaturgy in the Venisamhara (by Debi Prasad Namasudra)
The Heroine of the Dramatic Play < [Chapter 4 - Dramaturgy in Veṇīsaṃhāra]
Ashta Nayikas and Dance Forms (study) (by V. Dwaritha)
Part 4.1 - The Svīyā type of woman character < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]
Part 11 - Other varieties of Khaṇḍitā < [Chapter 6 - Khaṇḍitā]
Part 4.3 - The Sāmānyā (Courtesan) < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]
Yavanajataka by Sphujidhvaja [Sanskrit/English] (by Michael D Neely)
Verse 10.16 < [Chapter 10 - The Application of the Yogas of the Moon]
Verse 3.15 < [Chapter 3 - One’s Own Form of the Drekkāṇas]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 308 < [Hindi-Assamese-English Volume 2]
Page 406 < [Gujarati-Hindi-English, Volume 2]
Page 438 < [Hindi-Bengali-English Volume 2]
Kamashastra and Classical Sanskrit literature (study) (by Vishwanath K. Hampiholi)
Chapter 1.5 - The Hero and Heroine (and their Friends and Messengers) < [Chapter 2 - Kamasutra part 1 (Sadharana-adhikarana)—Critical study]
Inscriptions of Orissa (Rajaguru) (by Shri Satyanarayana Rajguru)
Part 43 - Banapur plates of Dharmmaraja < [Section 4 - Central-Orissa—The Sailodbhavas]
Part 45 - Kondedde Plates of Dharmmaraja < [Section 4 - Central-Orissa—The Sailodbhavas]
Part 39 - Parikud plates of Madhyamarajadeva < [Section 4 - Central-Orissa—The Sailodbhavas]