Pradvivaka, Prach-vivaka, Prad-vivaka, Prāḍvivāka: 13 definitions
Introduction:
Pradvivaka means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana IndexPrāḍvivāka (प्राड्विवाक).—A judge, to be banished for miscarriage of justice.*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 227. 160-1.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Arthashastra (politics and welfare)
Source: Shodhganga: Kakati Ganapatideva and his times (artha)Prāḍvivāka (प्राड्विवाक, “ministers”).—The king (nṛipa) should appoint Prāḍvivāka who is proficient in Dharma and Tattva-śāstras. Śukra Says that the Prāḍvivāka is so called because he asks questions and is therefore prāḍ (derived from the root prach, prāś?). It means one who puts questions to the parties and witness in disputes. He analyses the cases and judges the disputes or states what should be done and is therefore vivāka.
Arthashastra (अर्थशास्त्र, arthaśāstra) literature concerns itself with the teachings (shastra) of economic prosperity (artha) statecraft, politics and military tactics. The term arthashastra refers to both the name of these scientific teachings, as well as the name of a Sanskrit work included in such literature. This book was written (3rd century BCE) by by Kautilya, who flourished in the 4th century BCE.
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstraPrāḍvivāka (प्राड्विवाक, “judge”) refers to a classification of persons who “move about in public”, according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 34. Accordingly, “Those who know well about litigation, and the true nature of pecuniary transactions, are intelligent, and well-versed in many departments of knowledge, impartial, followers of Dharma, wise, able to discriminate between good and bad deeds, and are forbearing and self-controlled, and can control anger, are not haughty and have similar respect for all, should be placed in seats of justice as judges (prāḍvivāka)”.
Note: The radical meaning of the term prāḍvivāka is one who decides a cause after questioning the parties.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
India history and geography
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossaryPrāḍvivāka.—(HD), the chief justice; a judge. See Manusmṛti, IX. 234. Note: prāḍvivāka is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryPrāḍvivāka (प्राड्विवाक).—A judge, the presiding officer in a court of law; प्राड्- विवाकोऽनुयुञ्जीत विधिना तेन सान्त्वयन् (prāḍ- vivāko'nuyuñjīta vidhinā tena sāntvayan) Manusmṛti 8.79,181;9.234.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryPrāḍvivāka (प्राड्विवाक).—m.
(-kaḥ) A judge, a magistrate. E. prāṭ who asks, and vivāka who decides or discriminates.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryPrāḍvivāka (प्राड्विवाक).—i. e. prāch -vi-vac + a, m. A judge, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 8, 79; 181; 9, 234.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryPrāḍvivāka (प्राड्विवाक).—[masculine] judge.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Prāḍvivāka (प्राड्विवाक):—[=prāḍ-vivāka] a See under 3. prāś, p. 709, col. 2.
2) [=prāḍ-vivāka] [from prāś] b m. ‘one who interrogates and discriminates’, a judge ([especially] the chief j° of a stationary court), [Manu-smṛti; Gautama-dharma-śāstra; Bharata-nāṭya-śāstra] (cf. [Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams 296, 1]).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryPrāḍvivāka (प्राड्विवाक):—(kaḥ) 1. m. A judge.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusPrāḍvivāka (ಪ್ರಾಡ್ವಿವಾಕ):—[noun] a person appointed to hear the legal petitions in a court of law, and decide; a judge.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Prach, Prad, Vivaka.
Full-text: Vivaka, Pirattuvivakan, Samudrita, Prach, Sabhastara.
Relevant text
Search found 8 books and stories containing Pradvivaka, Prach-vivaka, Prāch-vivāka, Prad-vivaka, Prāḍ-vivāka, Prāḍvivāka; (plurals include: Pradvivakas, vivakas, vivākas, Prāḍvivākas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Yajnavalkya-smriti (Vyavaharadhyaya)—Critical study (by Kalita Nabanita)
Chapter 4.2 - Supreme Judicial Mechanism < [Chapter 4 - The Political Aspect Reflected in the Vyavahārādhyāya]
Chapter 4.3 - Special Adjudicatory Machinery < [Chapter 4 - The Political Aspect Reflected in the Vyavahārādhyāya]
Chapter 5.5 - Laws Relating to Ordeals (divya) < [Chapter 5 - Modern Indian Laws reflected from the Vyavahārādhyāya]
Vyavaharamala: a text on Indian jurisprudence (by P. V. Rajee)
4. Summary of the Vyavaharamala < [Chapter 2 - The place of Vyavaharamala in Sanskrit juridical texts]
3. Duties and Qualification of chief justice < [Chapter 5 - Vyavaharamala—General features based on text]
16. Persons fit and unfit for Witness < [Chapter 5 - Vyavaharamala—General features based on text]
Amarakoshodghatana of Kshirasvamin (study) (by A. Yamuna Devi)
Politics and Administration (5): Law and Administration < [Chapter 3 - Social Aspects]
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 8.79 < [Section XII - Exhortation and Examination of Witnesses]
Verse 8.9 < [Section III - Constitution of the Court of Justice (continued)]
Samrajya Lakshmi Pithika (Study) (by Artatrana Sarangi)
Appointment of Seventy-two officers of State < [Chapter 4 - King and his Paraphernalia]
Natyashastra (English) (by Bharata-muni)