Pradesha, Pradeśa, Prādeśa: 32 definitions

Introduction:

Pradesha means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

The Sanskrit terms Pradeśa and Prādeśa can be transliterated into English as Pradesa or Pradesha, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

Alternative spellings of this word include Pradesh.

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In Hinduism

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

[«previous next»] — Pradesha in Purana glossary
Source: Google Books: Cultural History from the Vāyu Purāna

Prādeśa (प्रादेश): A unit of measurement of distance, according to the Vāyu Purāṇa (वायु पुराण). The following table gives some idea about their relations to each other:

8 Aṅgulas = Prādeśa (?);
21 Aṅgulas = Ratni;
24 Aṅgulas = Hasta;
2000 Dhanus = Gavyūti;
12 Aṅgulas = Vitasti;
2 Ratnis or 42 Aṅgulas = Kiṣku;
4 hastas = Dhanus;
8000 Dhanus = Yojana.
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

Pradeśa (प्रदेश) refers to the “bestowing (good desires)”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.51 (“The resuscitation of Kāma”).—Accordingly, as the Gods eulogised Śiva: “[...] O lord, bestower of good desires (satkāma-pradeśa) to your devotees, O merciful one, O bliss-formed, assuming forms through magic illusions, be victorious. Be victorious, O kind, O All-souled one, friend of the distressed, storehouse of mercy, O lord of illusion, free from aberrations, whose body is beyond the reach of speech and mind”.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1) Pradeśa (प्रदेश).—A measurement; ten aṅgulas in length.*

  • * Vāyu-purāṇa 8. 102.

2) Prādeśa (प्रादेश).—Eight aṅgulas by the index finger, tāla by the middle finger and gokarṇa by the third finger and vidasti by the little finger;1 ten angula parvas.2

  • 1) Vāyu-purāṇa 8. 103.
  • 2) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 7. 96.
Purana book cover
context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

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Arthashastra (politics and welfare)

Source: Wisdom Library: Arthaśāstra

Pradeśa (प्रदेश) refers to “the place of reference” and is the name of a yukti, or ‘technical division’, according to which the contents of the Arthaśāstra by Cāṇakya are grouped. Cāṇakya (4th-century BCE), aka Kauṭilya, was the chief minister of Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the famous Maurya Empire.

Arthashastra book cover
context information

Arthashastra (अर्थशास्त्र, arthaśāstra) literature concerns itself with the teachings (shastra) of economic prosperity (artha) statecraft, politics and military tactics. The term arthashastra refers to both the name of these scientific teachings, as well as the name of a Sanskrit work included in such literature. This book was written (3rd century BCE) by by Kautilya, who flourished in the 4th century BCE.

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Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)

Source: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar

Pradeśa (प्रदेश).—lit. district; sphere of application, place of the application of a rule. The word is frequently used in this sense in the Kasika Vritti; cf. प्रत्ययप्रदेशाः प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्यय-लक्षणमित्येवमादयः (pratyayapradeśāḥ pratyayalope pratyaya-lakṣaṇamityevamādayaḥ) Kas. on P. III.1.1 . cf. also अनुदात्तप्रदेशाः अनुदात्तौ सुप्पितौ इत्यादयः (anudāttapradeśāḥ anudāttau suppitau ityādayaḥ) Kas. on P. I. 2.30. The word प्रदेश (pradeśa) is also used in the sense of the place of use or utility; cf. संज्ञाशास्त्रस्य तु कार्यकालपक्षे न पृथग्वाक्यार्थबोधः किं तु प्रदेशवाक्येन सहैव । (saṃjñāśāstrasya tu kāryakālapakṣe na pṛthagvākyārthabodhaḥ kiṃ tu pradeśavākyena sahaiva |) ... कार्यज्ञानं च प्रदेशदेश एव (kāryajñānaṃ ca pradeśadeśa eva) Par. Sek. Pari. 3.

Vyakarana book cover
context information

Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.

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Ayurveda (science of life)

Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)

Source: Wisdom Library: Raj Nighantu

Pradeśa (प्रदेश) is a synonym for Deśa (“region”), according to the second chapter (dharaṇyādi-varga) of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu (an Ayurvedic encyclopedia). The Dharaṇyādi-varga covers the lands [viz., Pradeśa], soil, mountains, jungles and vegetation’s relations between trees and plants and substances, with their various kinds.

Unclassified Ayurveda definitions

Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of terms

Pradeśa (प्रदेश):—[pradeśaḥ] Partial or brief description of a topic but not fully elaborated there, for risk of going out of context in view of vast detail and referred to other places in the text of details.

Ayurveda book cover
context information

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

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Shilpashastra (iconography)

Source: Shodhganga: The significance of the mūla-beras (śilpa)

Prādeśa (प्रादेश) refers to the “distance between the tips of the thumb and the middle finger” and represents a type of measurement, as defined in the texts dealing with śilpa (arts and crafs), known as śilpaśāstras.—Besides the smaller units known as dehāṅgula there are other larger relative units of length, which are called prādeśa, tāla, vitasti and gokarṇa. The distance between the tips of the thumb and the forefinger, when they are stretched out to the utmost, is called a prādeśa.

Shilpashastra book cover
context information

Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśāstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.

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Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions

Pradeśa (प्रदेश) refers to a “region”, according to the Tantrasadbhāva (verse 6.218): an important Trika Tantra and a major authority for Kashmiri Trika Śaivites.—Accordingly, “For those who know the Self, Prayāga should be understood as located in the [cakra of the] navel, Varuṇā [i.e. Vārāṇasī] in the heart region (hṛd-pradeśa), Kolagiri in the throat, Bhīmanāda in the palate, Jayantī in the place of Bindu, Caritra in [the plexus] called Nāda, and Ekāmraka in [the plexus of] Śakti. The eighth, Koṭivarṣa, is likewise said to be in the Mouth of the Guru. These are the places I have declared to be present in the person internally”.

Shaivism book cover
context information

Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

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Vastushastra (architecture)

Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (architecture)

Pradeśa (प्रदेश) refers to “another place”, according to the Devyāmata (chapter 105).—Accordingly, [while describing the construction of residence for initiates]—“A residence is recommended to the south of the temple. The residence should be built beyond the outer wall of the temple. It is to be dwelt in by initiates, their senses well-subordinated, who have come to the image. Or, in its absence, [they should dwell in] another pleasant place (pradeśapradeśe sumanorame). [...]”.

Vastushastra book cover
context information

Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.

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General definition (in Hinduism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Hinduism

Prādeśa; ancient Hindu unit of measurement of distance. 8 Aṅgulas make a single Prādeśa and 3 Prādeśas make 1 Hasta. Thus 96000 Prādeśas make up for a single Yojana.

If we consider a single Yojana to be 8 miles (~12.87km), one Prādeśa would correspond to roughly 5,28 inches (~13,41cm)

If we consider a single Yojana to be 5 miles (~8.04km), one Prādeśa would correspond to roughly 3,3 inches (~8,38cm)

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: De Gruyter: A Buddhist Ritual Manual on Agriculture

Pradeśa (प्रदेश) refers to a “spot (of earth)” (suitable for performing rituals), according to the 2nd-century Meghasūtra (“Cloud Sutra”) in those passages which contain ritual instructions.—Accordingly, “He who desires a mighty rain must perform this rite ‘the great-cloud-circle’ in an open space, overspread by a blue canopy, shaded by a blue banner, on a clear spot of earth (pṛthivī-pradeśa); [being] a prophet of the Law, seated on a blue seat, fasting according to the aṣṭāṅga, with well-washed limbs, clad in pure raiment, anointed with fragrant odour, wearing the three white stripes, he must recite it for a day and night continuously facing the east; [...]”.

Mahayana book cover
context information

Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

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In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: Atma Dharma: Principles of Jainism

Spatial unit; Space unit;

A spatial unit or space point (pradesha) is the space occupied by an atom (an indivisible elementary matter particle called 'parmanu').

How many spatial units are found in each substance?

The soul, ether, anti-ether and universe, each have in-numerable spatial units. The matter (pudgala dravya) has numerable, innumerable and infinite, thus all the three types of spatial units. The real time substance, i.e., kalanu and an atom i.e., pudgala parmanu both have one spatial unit.

Source: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra

Pradeśa (प्रदेश, “space-point”).—What is meant by a space-point (pradeśa)? The space occupied by a paramāṇu (smallest indivisible part of matter) under normal circumstances is called space-point (pradeśa). It is the smallest unit of measurement of space.

Source: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 8: Bondage of karmas

Pradeśa (प्रदेश) or Pradeśabandha refers to the “quantity of space-points” and represents one of the four kinds of bondage (bandha) according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra chapter 8.—Accordingly, “what is meant by space-points of the bondage (pradeśa-bandha)? The quantity of kārmaṇa particles which get bonded with the soul is called space-points of bondage”.

Source: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections

Pradeśa (प्रदेश) refers to the “area (of the universe and the atmosphere)”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “Sentient beings, inflamed by very intense pleasure [and] unsteady from affliction by wrong faith, wander about in a five-fold life that is difficult to be traversed. It has been stated at length that the cycle of rebirth which is full of suffering is five-fold on account of combining substance , place [com.—place (kṣetraṃ) is the size of the area of the universe and the atmosphere (lokākāśapradeśamātraṃ)], right time, life and intention”.

General definition book cover
context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

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India history and geography

Source: archive.org: Personal and geographical names in the Gupta inscriptions

Pradeśa (प्रदेश) refers to a name-ending for place-names mentioned in the Gupta inscriptions (reigned from 3rd century CE). Fleet translates pradeśa as “place” but the term has a specific use as an administrative division. Here it connotes a division or may correspond with the word viṣaya used in the same context in the Eran Stone Boar Inscription of Toramāṇa. In modern usage pradeśa signifies a province.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

Pradeśa.—(IE 8-4), a province or district. Note: pradeśa is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

India history book cover
context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

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Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

1) pradēśa (प्रदेश).—m (S) A place, a spot, a portion of space.

2) prādēśa (प्रादेश).—m S The span of the thumb and forefinger.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

1) pradēśa (प्रदेश).—m A place, a spot.

2) prādēśa (प्रादेश).—m The span of the thumb and fore-finger.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Pradeśa (प्रदेश).—

1) Pointing out, indicating.

2) A place, region, spot, country, territory, district; पितुः प्रदेशास्तव देवभूमयः (pituḥ pradeśāstava devabhūmayaḥ) Kumārasambhava 5.45; R.5.6; so कण्ठ°, तालु°, हृदय° (kaṇṭha°, tālu°, hṛdaya°), &c.

3) A span measured from the tip of the thumb to that of the fore-finger.

4) Decision, determination.

5) A wall.

6) An example (in gram.).

7) (With Jainas) One of the obstacles to liberation. -a. Commanding (īśanaśīla); एते प्रदेशाः कथिता भुवनानां प्रभावनाः (ete pradeśāḥ kathitā bhuvanānāṃ prabhāvanāḥ) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 12.28.1. (com. pradeśāḥ pradiśanti ājñāpayantīti).

Derivable forms: pradeśaḥ (प्रदेशः).

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Prādeśa (प्रादेश).—

1) The span of the thumb and fore finger also a measure of 12 Aṅgulas; अङ्गुष्ठतर्जनीयुक्तं प्रादेश- मिति कीर्तितम् (aṅguṣṭhatarjanīyuktaṃ prādeśa- miti kīrtitam) Suprabhedāgama 3.21; यस्त्वेतमेवं प्रादेशमात्र- मभिविमानमात्मानं वैश्वानरमुपास्ते (yastvetamevaṃ prādeśamātra- mabhivimānamātmānaṃ vaiśvānaramupāste) Ch. Up.5.18.1.

2) A spot, place, region.

Derivable forms: prādeśaḥ (प्रादेशः), prādeśam (प्रादेशम्).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Pradeśa (प्रदेश).—m. (compare prādeśika), according to Lévi une question particulière: (anyad api tāvad vayaṃ bhaga- vantaṃ Gautamaṃ pṛcchema kaṃcid) eva pradeśaṃ saced avakāśaṃ kuryāt…Karmavibhaṅga (and Karmavibhaṅgopadeśa) 29.23. Perh. compare use of Pali padesa-, initial in cpds., meaning of limited extent [Page380-b+ 71] or the like; but perhaps the word has one of its Sanskrit mgs., such as example, or reference (some example or other? see 1 eva).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Pradeśa (प्रदेश).—m.

(-śaḥ) 1. A place in general, a country a district, &c. 2. A foreign country, abroad. 3. A short span, measured from the tip of the thumb to the end of the fore-finger. 4. A wall. 5. Decision, determination. E. pra before, deśa place.

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Prādeśa (प्रादेश).—m.

(-śaḥ) 1. The span of the thumb and fore-finger. 2. Place, country. E. pra before, diś to shew, aff. ghañ; whence the vowel of the prefix is optionally made long: see pradeśa .

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Pradeśa (प्रदेश).—i. e. pra-diś + a, m. 1. A place, [Pañcatantra] 118, 14; part, 134, 20 (pṛṣṭha-pradeśe, from behind). 2. A country, [Pañcatantra] 159, 21. 3. A foreign country. 4. A short span, measured from the tip of the thumb to that of the forefinger.

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Prādeśa (प्रादेश).—i. e. pradeśa + a, m. 1. The span of the thumb and forefinger. 2. Place.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Pradeśa (प्रदेश).—[masculine] pointing out, direction, destination; place, spot, region; appealing to a precedent; instance, example.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Pradeśa (प्रदेश):—[=pra-deśa] [from pra-diś] a m. (ifc. f(ā). ) pointing out, showing, indication, direction, decision, determination, [Nirukta, by Yāska; ???]

2) [v.s. ...] appeal to a precedent, [Suśruta]

3) [v.s. ...] an example (in grammar, law etc.), [Ṛgveda-prātiśākhya; Mahābhārata; Yājñavalkya [Scholiast or Commentator]]

4) [v.s. ...] a spot, region, place, country, district (often in [compound] with a part of the body e.g. kaṇṭha-, hṛdaya-), [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc. (n., [Pañcadaṇḍacchattra-prabandha])

5) [v.s. ...] a short while (See [compound] below)

6) [v.s. ...] a wall, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

7) [v.s. ...] a short span (measured from the tip of the thumb to that of the forefinger), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

8) [v.s. ...] (with Jainas) one of the obstacles to liberation, [Sarvadarśana-saṃgraha] (‘atomic individuality’ [Horace H. Wilson])

9) [=pra-deśa] b etc. See pra-√diś.

10) Prādeśa (प्रादेश):—[=prā-deśa] [from prā] m. (ifc. f(ā). ) the span of the thumb and forefinger (also a measure = 12 Aṅgulas), [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa; Gṛhya-sūtra and śrauta-sūtra] : [Mahābhārata] etc.

11) [v.s. ...] place, country, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.] ([varia lectio] for pra-d)

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Pradeśa (प्रदेश):—[pra-deśa] (śaḥ) 1. m. A place, a district; a short span; a wall.

2) Prādeśa (प्रादेश):—[prā+deśa] (śaḥ) 1. m. The span of the thumb and fore-finger; place.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Pradeśa (प्रदेश) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Paesa.

[Sanskrit to German]

Pradesha in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Hindi dictionary

[«previous next»] — Pradesha in Hindi glossary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

1) Pradeśa (प्रदेश) [Also spelled pradesh]:—(nm) a region; territory; zone; district; ~[gata] regional; —[niṣṭhā] regional loyalty; ~[paraka] regional; ~[parakatā] regionalism; ~[parāyaṇa] regional(ist); ~[parā. yaṇatā] regionalism; —[bhāṣā] regional language.

2) Prādeśa (प्रादेश) [Also spelled pradesh]:—(nm) a mandate; -[adhīna] mandated; •[kṣetra] mandated territory; [prādeśātmaka] mandatory.

context information

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Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Pradēśa (ಪ್ರದೇಶ):—

1) [noun] the act or an instance of pointing out to or directing.

2) [noun] a large and indefinite part of the surface of the earth; district; region.

3) [noun] a division of the world characterised by a specific kind of plant or animal life.

4) [noun] an area; place; space.

5) [noun] a division or part of an organism, often called after its main part or organ (as udara pradēśa).

6) [noun] the distance between the tips of the thumb and the forefinger when stratched apart (used as a measure of linear distance).

7) [noun] (jain.) atomic individuality, as one of the obstacles to liberation.

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Prādēśa (ಪ್ರಾದೇಶ):—

1) [noun] a unit of measure equal to the distance between the tips of the thumb and forefinger, when stretched apart.

2) [noun] an area; place; a region.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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