In Hinduism

Kavyashastra (science of poetry)

Source: Shodhganga: The Kavyavilasa of Ciranjiva Bhattacarya (kavyashastra)

Paryāyokti (पर्यायोक्ति) or Paryāyokta refers to one of the 93 alaṃkāras (“figures of speech”) mentioned by Cirañjīva Bhaṭṭācārya (fl. 17th century) in his Kāvyavilāsa and is listed as one of the 89 arthālaṃkāras (figure of speech determined by the sense, as opposed to sound).—Most of the Ālaṃkārikas have discussed the figure named paryāyokta and not paryāyokti. Bhāmaha is the first to define it (K.A. III/8).

When an idea is stated in a manner which is different from the normal mode, it is the figure paryāyokta. Udbhaṭa and Daṇḍin treat it in the manner of Bhāmaha. From the definition of paryāyokta of the ancient and modern Ālaṃkārikas it appears that some kind of suggestion may be there. So Ānandavardhana at first is hesitant to give this figure the status of dhvani. Ultimately he declares paryāyokta as a guṇibhūtavyaṅga type of poetry (D.H.V.Vṛ.III/P.36 Dr. Krishnamoorthy’s edn.). Keeping in view Ānandavardhana’s stand Ālaṃkārikes like Ruyyaka (A.S.P. III) Viśvanātha (X/79), Jagannātha (R.G. II/P. 547) have defined it in the same way.

Cirañjiva has defined paryāyokti in a different manner. In his opinion when a cause becomes expressed by the knowledge of the effect, it is the figure paryāyokti—“phalena prakaṭībhūte paryāyoktistu kāraṇe”. Perhaps Cirañjīva has been inspired by Jayadeva who assigns the same name paryāyokti and defines it in a similar fashion.

Example of the paryāyokta-alaṃkāra:—

nijāśrubhiḥ pūritabhūprādeśāḥ pipāsayā pītapayaḥpravāhāḥ |
vanīrghanībhūtadarīrgirīṇāmaripriyāḥ prāṇabhiyā śrayanti ||

“Those who are favourite of the enemies, who have filled up the surface of the land with own tears and who have drunk the flows of water out of thrust have taken refuse in the condensed cave of the mountains and in the forest out of fear of their own lives”.

Notes: Here from taking refuse in the caves of mountains of the persons who are the target of the enemies, the uprooting of those persons by the enemies which is the cause gets unfolded. So it is an example of paryāyokti.

context information

Kavyashastra (काव्यशास्त्र, kāvyaśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian tradition of poetry (kavya). Canonical literature (shastra) of the includes encyclopedic manuals dealing with prosody, rhetoric and various other guidelines serving to teach the poet how to compose literature.

Languages of India and abroad

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Paryāyokti (पर्यायोक्ति):—[=pary-āyokti] [from pary-āya > parī] f. idem, [Vāmana’s Kāvyālaṃkāravṛtti]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Paryāyokti (पर्यायोक्ति):—[paryāyo+kti] (ktiḥ-kti) 2. f. 1. n. Figurative language by which more is understood than expressed.

[Sanskrit to German]

Paryayokti in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Paryāyōkti (ಪರ್ಯಾಯೋಕ್ತಿ):—[noun] = ಪರ್ಯಾಯೋಕ್ತ [paryayokta].

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Partial matches: Pary.

Starts with: Paryayoktinishyanda.

Ends with: Viparyayokta.

Full-text: Paryyokti, Paryayokta, Arthaguna, Alamkara.

Relevant text

Search found 1 books and stories containing Paryayokti, Paryāyokti, Pary-ayokti, Pary-āyokti, Paryāyōkti; (plurals include: Paryayoktis, Paryāyoktis, ayoktis, āyoktis, Paryāyōktis). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Alamkaras mentioned by Vamana (by Pratim Bhattacharya)

1-2: The number of Alaṃkāras (poetic figures) mentioned < [Chapter 5 - A Comparative study of the different alaṃkāras mentioned by Vāmana]

3: Definition of Samāsokti Alaṃkāra < [Chapter 4 - Arthālaṃkāras mentioned by Vāmana]

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