Parokkha: 4 definitions
Introduction:
Parokkha means something in Jainism, Prakrit, Buddhism, Pali. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: JAINpedia: JainismParokkha (परोक्ख) in Prakrit (Parokṣa in Sanskrit) refers to “indirect knowledge”, as explained in the Nandīsūtra.—The heart of the Nandī-sūtra deals with the concept of cognition or knowledge in its various divisions and subdivisions. This is also an appropriate topic for a text that transcends all categories in the Śvetāmbara canon, for it can be regarded as a prerequisite to the scriptures. First comes the list of the five types of knowledge, known from other sources as well, such as the Tattvārtha-sūtra I. 9-33. [...] The first two types of knowledge [viz., abhiṇibohiya-nāṇa and suya-nāṇa] are achieved indirectly – parokkha in Prakrit, parokṣa in Sanskrit – that is, through the five sense-organs and through the mind.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionaryparokkha : (adj.) beyond the eye; out of sight.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryParokkha, (adj.) (paro+akkha=Vedic parokṣa (paraḥ+ akṣa)) beyond the eye, out of sight, invisible, imperceptible, Miln. 291.—Abl. parokkhā (adv.) behind one’s back, in the absence of J. III, 89 (parammukhā C.; opp. sammukhā). (Page 439)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Prakrit-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary1) Parokkha (परोक्ख) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Parokṣ.
2) Pārokkha (पारोक्ख) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Pārokṣ.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
See also (Relevant definitions)
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