Parisamkhya, Parisaṅkhyā, Parisaṃkhyā, Parisankhya: 14 definitions
Introduction:
Parisamkhya means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Mīmāṃsā (school of philosophy)
Parisaṅkhyā (परिसङ्ख्या) refers to “preclusive injunction”. It is sub-division of vidhi (injunciton).—Parisaṅkhyā-vidhi is an implied prohibition. eg. “Only five animals with five toes may be eaten”. Implies that humans may not be eaten”.
Mimamsa (मीमांसा, mīmāṃsā) refers to one of the six orthodox Hindu schools of philosophy, emphasizing the nature of dharma and the philosophy of language. The literature in this school is also known for its in-depth study of ritual actions and social duties.
Kavyashastra (science of poetry)
Parisaṃkhyā (परिसंख्या) refers to one of the 93 alaṃkāras (“figures of speech”) mentioned by Cirañjīva Bhaṭṭācārya (fl. 17th century) in his Kāvyavilāsa and is listed as one of the 89 arthālaṃkāras (figure of speech determined by the sense, as opposed to sound).—The figure parisaṃkhyā has not been mentioned by Bhāmaha, Udbhaṭa etc. Mammaṭa (X/Sū 185) and Viśvanātha (X/106) have defined it in similar manner.
Cirañjīva defines parisaṃkhyā-alaṃkāra—“parisaṅkhyā niṣiddhārthaniṣedhaḥ śleṣato’nyataḥ”.—“When the restriction of one thing is imposed on another thing with the help of paronomasia it is the figure parisaṃkhyā”.
Example of the parisaṃkhyā-alaṃkāra:—
vṛkṣe tādṛkphalaṃ nāsti pāpake’smin kalau yuge |
kleśārādhyeṣu sarveṣu mantrayantrādikeṣvapi ||“In this last age of creation, full of sins, as there is no such fruit in the tree similarly there is no result in all labourious deeds with the help of incantations and machines etc”.
Notes: Here in the word follow there is śleṣa.In this verse the first meaning of the word follow is fruit and the second meaning of this is result related to a work. It has been said that in this last age of creation there is no fruit in the tree as this age is full of sins. By the prohibition of the existence of fruit in the tree it has been said that in a work which is to be accomplished by perceverence there is no result or success with the help of incantation and machine etc. On account of the prohibition of result by mentioning the prohibition of the existence of fruit, it is an example of parisaṃkhyā-alaṃkāra.
Kavyashastra (काव्यशास्त्र, kāvyaśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian tradition of poetry (kavya). Canonical literature (shastra) of the includes encyclopedic manuals dealing with prosody, rhetoric and various other guidelines serving to teach the poet how to compose literature.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Parisaṅkhyā (परिसङ्ख्या) refers to “(knowing a) number”, according to sources such as the Kulakaulinīmata and Kumārikākhaṇḍa of the Manthānabhairavatantra.—Accordingly, “In this way one should make an effort to know the number (parisaṅkhyā) of the nine, sixteen and one hundred and sixty-three whose clans are known. What for? In order to know the Transmission, that is, the Transmission of the Teachers. Beginning from which one? Beginning with Śrīnātha up to one’s own teacher”
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Parisaṅkhyā (परिसङ्ख्या).—f S A rule or precept by which, although it is couched in the form of a command or permission, a prohibition is intended. Ex. ana- dhyāyadivasīṃ khēḷāvēṃ, i.e. Play not on the days of study.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Parisaṃkhyā (परिसंख्या).—2 P.
1) To count or reckon up, add together.
2) To enumerate.
3) To make good, restore.
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Parisaṃkhyā (परिसंख्या).—
1) Enumeration, computation.
2) Sum, total, number: वित्तस्य विद्यापरिसंख्यया मे (vittasya vidyāparisaṃkhyayā me) R.5.21.
3) (In Mīm. phil.) Exclusion, specification, limitation to that which is enumerated or expressly mentioned, so that everything else is excluded; सांख्यदर्शनमेतावत् परिसंख्यानुदर्शनम् (sāṃkhyadarśanametāvat parisaṃkhyānudarśanam) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 12.36.42. [परिसंख्या (parisaṃkhyā) is opposed to विधि (vidhi) which lays down a rule for the first time, and to नियम (niyama) which restricts the choice to an alternative which is expressly stated when several such alternatives are possible]; विधिरत्यन्तमप्राप्तौ नियमः पाक्षिकं सति । तत्र चान्यत्र च प्राप्तौ परिसंख्येति गीयते (vidhiratyantamaprāptau niyamaḥ pākṣikaṃ sati | tatra cānyatra ca prāptau parisaṃkhyeti gīyate) || e. g. पञ्च पच्चनखा भक्ष्याः (pañca paccanakhā bhakṣyāḥ) usually quoted by the Mīmāṃsakas; अयं नियमविधिर्न तु परिसंख्या (ayaṃ niyamavidhirna tu parisaṃkhyā) Kull. on Manusmṛti 3.45. प्राप्तस्य पुनर्वचनं परिसंख्यार्थं भवति (prāptasya punarvacanaṃ parisaṃkhyārthaṃ bhavati) ŚB. on MS.11.1.66. परिसंख्या (parisaṃkhyā) also means a text laying down exclusion; cf. (vidhiparisaṃkhyāsaṃśaye vidhirjyāyān ŚB. on MS.6.4.7); also परिसंख्यायां स्वार्थहानिः, परार्थकल्पना, प्राप्तबाधश्च (parisaṃkhyāyāṃ svārthahāniḥ, parārthakalpanā, prāptabādhaśca) |
4) (In Rhet.) Special mention or exclusive specification, i. e. where with or without a query something is affirmed for the denial, expressed or understood, of something else similar to it. (this figure is particularly striking when it is based on a śleṣa or pun); यस्मिन् महीं शासति चित्रकर्मसु वर्णसंकराश्चापेषु गुणच्छेदः (yasmin mahīṃ śāsati citrakarmasu varṇasaṃkarāścāpeṣu guṇacchedaḥ) &c. or यस्य नूपुरेषु मुखरता विवाहेषु करग्रहणं तुरङ्गेषु कशाभिघातः (yasya nūpureṣu mukharatā vivāheṣu karagrahaṇaṃ turaṅgeṣu kaśābhighātaḥ) &c. K; for other examples see S. D.735.
5) Recapitulation.
Parisaṅkhyā (परिसङ्ख्या).—f.
(-ṅkhyā) 1. Total or complete enumeration or specification, implying exclusion of any other. 2. Reckoning, enumerating. E. pari, and saṅkhyā a number.
Parisaṃkhyā (परिसंख्या).—i. e. pari -sam-khyā, 1. Full number, totality, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 1, 72. 2. Number. 3. Full enumeration (leaving nothing unsaid).
Parisaṃkhyā (परिसंख्या).—[feminine] na [neuter] enumeration, sum, total.
1) Parisaṃkhyā (परिसंख्या):—[=pari-saṃ-khyā] 1. pari-saṃ-√khyā [Parasmaipada] -khyāti ([infinitive mood] khyātum), to count, enumerate, [Śāṅkhāyana-śrauta-sūtra; Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata];
—to limit to a certain number, [Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra [Scholiast or Commentator]];
—to reckon up, calculate, add together, [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa; Suśruta];
—to make good, restore, [Caraka; Jaimini [Scholiast or Commentator]]
2) [=pari-saṃkhyā] [from parisaṃ-khyā] 2. pari-saṃkhyā f. enumeration, computation, sum, total, number, [Śāṅkhāyana-śrauta-sūtra; Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.
3) [v.s. ...] (in [philosophy]) exhaustive enumeration (implying exclusion of any other), limitation to that which is enumerated, [Jaimini; Manvarthamuktāvalī, kullūka bhaṭṭa’s Commentary on manu-smṛti on Manu-smṛti iii, 45]
4) [v.s. ...] (in [rhetoric]) special mention or exclusive specification, [Kāvyaprakāśa; Sāhitya-darpaṇa]
Parisaṃkhyā (परिसंख्या):—[pari-saṃkhyā] (khyā) 1. f. Reckoning; total enumeration.
Parisaṃkhyā (परिसंख्या):—(von khyā mit parisam) f. = ākalana [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 3, 3, 230.]
1) Aufzählung im Einzelnen, Zusammenzählung, Gesammtzahl, Gesammtheit, Anzahl überh. [Śāṅkhāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 9, 1, 6.] sāṃkhyadarśanametāvatparisaṃkhyānudarśanam [Mahābhārata 12, 11409] [?(vgl. HALL. in der Einl. zu SĀṂKHYAPR. 2).] kharāṇāṃ puruṣāṇāṃ ca parisaṃkhyā na vidyate [14, 1931.] trīṇi ślokasahasrāṇi tāvantyeva śatāni ca . ṣaṣṭiḥ ślokāstathā jñeyāḥ kāṇḍe sminparisaṃkhyayā .. [Rāmāyaṇa Gorresio 1, 4, 146.] vittasya vidyāparisaṃkhyayā me koṭīścatasro daśa cāhara [Raghuvaṃśa 5, 21.] daivikānāṃ yugānāṃ tu sahasraṃ parisaṃkhyayā ([Kullūka]: pa iti ślokapūraṇārtho nuvādaḥ) . brāhmamekamaharjñeyaṃ tāvatī rātrireva ca .. [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 1, 72.] —
2) erschöpfende Herzählung so v. a. Beschränkung auf das Aufgezählte, namentlich Erwähnte: von der Bestimmung ṛtukālābhigāmī syāt [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 3, 45] sagt [Kullūka], es sei dieses ein niyamavidhiḥ . na tu parisaṃkhyā d. h. ṛtukāle müsse man unbedingt dem Weibe beiwohnen, damit sei aber nicht gesagt, dass der Beischlaf nur zu dieser genannten Zeit stattfinden dürfe. Vgl. [Kullūka ebend. S. 193, Z. 12] und zu [5,27.] Schol. zu [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 683,16. 819,19.] [Sāhityadarpana 735.] [KUVALAY. 139,b (115,b).] [PRATĀPAR. 99,a,7. Scholiast] zu [VĀSAVAD. S. 18.]
Parisaṃkhyā (परिसंख्या):—f. —
1) Aufzählung im Einzelnen , Zusammenzählung ([Jaimini's Mimāṃsādarśana 1,2,42]). Gesammtzahl , Gesammtheit , Anzahl überh. —
2) erschöpfende Herzählung , so v.a. Beschränkung auf das Aufgezählte , — namentlich Erwähnte. —
3) eine best. rhetorische Figur [Kāvyaprakāśa 10,33.]
Parisaṃkhyā (परिसंख्या) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Parisaṃkhā.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Nepali dictionary
Parisaṅkhyā (परिसङ्ख्या):—n. 1. enumeration; computation; 2. Rhet. special mention or exclusive specification;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Samkhya, Pari.
Starts with: Parisamkhyalamkara, Parisamkhyana, Parisamkhyata.
Full-text: Parisamkha, Parisaukhya, Akalana, Parisamkhyana, Bhakshyaniyama, Anyarthasvikara, Pratiprasava, Vitti, Niyama, Vacyalankara, Alamkara.
Relevant text
Search found 30 books and stories containing Parisamkhya, Pari-saṃkhyā, Pari-samkhya, Pari-saṅkhyā, Pari-sankhya, Parisaṃkhyā, Parisaṅkhyā, Parisankhya; (plurals include: Parisamkhyas, saṃkhyās, samkhyas, saṅkhyās, sankhyas, Parisaṃkhyās, Parisaṅkhyās, Parisankhyas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Mimamsa in Medhatithi (study) (by A. R. Joshi)
Definition of Parisamkhya in Mimamsa < [Part 3.14 - Parisamkhya]
Parisamkhya in Manubhasya 2.24 < [Part 3.14 - Parisamkhya]
Parisamkhya in Manubhasya 3.45 < [Part 3.14 - Parisamkhya]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 268 < [Gujarati-Hindi-English, Volume 2]
Page 381 < [English-Urdu-Hindi (1 volume)]
Page 312 < [Bengali-Hindi-English, Volume 3]
Yajnavalkya-smriti with Mitakshara and Viramitrodaya (by J. R. Gharpure)
Verse 1.81 < [Chapter 3 - Marriage]
Verse 1.80 < [Chapter 3 - Marriage]
Verse 1.4-5 < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 10.182 [Parisaṅkhyā] < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Text 10.188 [Uttara] < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Text 10.190 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Mudrarakshasa (literary study) (by Antara Chakravarty)
3.23. Use of Parisaṃkhyā-alaṃkāra < [Chapter 3 - Use of Alaṃkāras in Mudrārākṣasa]
3.4a. Arthālaṃkāras (Alaṃkāras that depend upon the meanings of words) < [Chapter 3 - Use of Alaṃkāras in Mudrārākṣasa]
Liberation in early Advaita Vedanta (by Aleksandar Uskokov)
4. Nididhyāsana and Parisaṅkhyāna < [Chapter 9 - Liberation and the Inquiry into Brahman]
5. Parisaṅkhyāna: A Second Avenue < [Chapter 9 - Liberation and the Inquiry into Brahman]
9. Conclusion < [Chapter 2 - The Mīmāṃsā model of Puruṣārtha and the role of Scripture]