Parinirvrita, Parinirvṛta: 5 definitions

Introduction:

Parinirvrita means something in Buddhism, Pali, Jainism, Prakrit, Hinduism, Sanskrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

The Sanskrit term Parinirvṛta can be transliterated into English as Parinirvrta or Parinirvrita, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

[«previous next»] — Parinirvrita in Mahayana glossary
Source: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā

Parinirvṛta (परिनिर्वृत) refers to “extinguished” (or “liberation” as opposed to Aparinirvṛta—‘those who are not yet extinguished’), according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly: “This is the armour of Bodhisattvas: (1) this is the armour of saving those who do not yet cross over by the right practice as the great vessel; (2) this is the armour of releasing those who are not yet liberated by being thoroughly liberated from all fetters of vices and views; (3) this is the armour of consoling the unconsoled by giving up the fear of eradicating all perishable properties; (4) this is the armour of liberating those who are not yet extinguished (aparinirvṛta) by teaching evenness for the inverted in nihilism; [...]

Source: De Gruyter: A Buddhist Ritual Manual on Agriculture

Parinirvṛta (परिनिर्वृत) refers to the “departure (of the Tathāgata)”, according to the Vajratuṇḍasamayakalparāja, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.—Accordingly, [as the Nāga-kings said to Bhagavān], “[...] O Bhagavān, when we all stand visibly in front of the Bhagavān, thus frightened and trembling, with the hairs on our bodies bristling, overcome with great dreadful fear, standing all with agitated minds, O Bhagavān, how will monks be in the last time, in the last age, after the Tathāgata has departed (parinirvṛta)? [...]”.

Mahayana book cover
context information

Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

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In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

[«previous next»] — Parinirvrita in Jainism glossary
Source: archive.org: Bhagavati Sutra

Parinirvṛta (परिनिर्वृत) [=Parinivṛta?] refers to “one who is liberated from all activities”, according to the Bhagavatīsūtra , book 8 chapter 5.—Accordingly, “[...] [Question].—Bhante! Does a monk who has restrained the cycles of coming and going,...till who has completed his work, acquire again, on death, the existence and other conditions of human life? [Answer].—Gautama! A monk who has restrained the cycles,...till, on death, docs not acquire the existence and other conditions of human life. [Question].—Bhante! How is he to be called? [Answer].—Gautama! He may be called Siddha, he may be called Buddha, he may be called pāragata, he may be called paramparāgata; he may be called siddha, buddha, mukta, nibṛtta [i.e., parinirvṛta], anta-kṛta and sarva-dukkha-prahīṇa”.

General definition book cover
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Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

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Languages of India and abroad

Sanskrit dictionary

[«previous next»] — Parinirvrita in Sanskrit glossary
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Parinirvṛta (परिनिर्वृत).—adj.-ppp. (= Pali °nibbuta; used as ppp. to parinirvā(ya)ti, compare Sanskrit and [Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit] nirvṛta, similarly used), completely emancipated or entered into nirvāṇa: Divyāvadāna 22.9; 242.16; in collocation with forms of caus. parinirvā- payati (being emancipated…emancipates others), °to (°taḥ) parinirvāpayeyaṃ Mahāvastu i.39.5; 50.6; 335.20; °vāpaya Divyāvadāna 39.15; °vāpayiṣyasi Mahāvastu i.239.13.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Parinirvṛta (परिनिर्वृत):—[=pari-nirvṛta] mfn. (√1. vṛ) completely extinguished, finally liberated, [Divyāvadāna]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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