Parimana, Parīmāṇa, Parimāṇa: 28 definitions
Introduction:
Parimana means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Buddhism, Pali, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Shilpashastra (iconography)
Parimāṇa (one of the six types of measurement (māna)) is for instance the girth of the arm or of the thigh.
Parimāna (परिमान) refers to the “circumference of the icon” and represents a type of measurement, as defined in the texts dealing with śilpa (arts and crafs), known as śilpaśāstras.—The measurements described in Sanskrit authorities are altogether of six kinds: māna (the proper height of the icon), pramāna (the breadth), unmāna (thickness), parimāṇa (the circumference), upamāna (the space between the limbs) and lambamāna (surface of the image).
Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśāstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.
Vastushastra (architecture)
Parimāṇa (परिमाण):—One of the “six iconographic measurements”, according to the Mānasāra (sanskrit literary treatise on vāstu-śāstra, or, ‘architectural science’). The measurement unit is used in the process of procuring/securing the height of the principal image and secondary images. Breadth, circumference, and other dimensions are derived from the height using rules of proportion.
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Parimāṇa (परिमाण, “measurement” or “dimension”).—One of the ten Parādiguṇa, or, ‘10 pharmaceutical properties’.—It is a Sanskrit technical term from Āyurveda (Indian medicine) and used in literature such the Caraka-saṃhitā and the Suśruta-saṃhitā. According to Caraka, these ten properties (guṇa) are the means to success in therapeutic treatment. Parimāṇa refers the defining of measurement, length, amount, weight, circumstances etc.
Parimana means size. It is related to terms or things of measurement, such as entity of length, breadth, height, area, large and small etc.
Parimana-guna is explained as mana by Charaka. In the context of explaining principles of pharmaceutics much importance has been given to mana-paribhasha and has been discussed in detail which emphasises its importance. Chakrapani has explained as adhaka, tula etc tools of measurement. Gangadhara has explained five subtypes four similar to Charaka and fifth type as parimandala for which he quotes few references from Vaisheshika sutra but which can be included under mahat.
Parimāṇa (परिमाण):—[parimāṇam] See MATRA
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Vaisheshika (school of philosophy)
Parimāṇa (परिमाण, “quantity”) is one of the seventeen guṇas (‘qualities’), according to the Vaiśeṣika-sūtras. These guṇas are considered as a category of padārtha (“metaphysical correlate”). These padārthas represent everything that exists which can be cognized and named. Together with their subdivisions, they attempt to explain the nature of the universe and the existence of living beings.
Vaisheshika (वैशेषिक, vaiśeṣika) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. Vaisheshika deals with subjects such as logic, epistemology, philosophy and expounds concepts similar to Buddhism in nature
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Parimāṇa (परिमाण).—A word used by Panini in तदस्य परिमाणम् (tadasya parimāṇam) V.1.19 and explained by Patanjali as सर्वतो मानम् (sarvato mānam) .Samkhya (number) is also said to be a parimana. Parimana is of two kinds-नियत (niyata) or definite as in the case of Khaari, drona etc; and अनियत (aniyata), as in the case of Gana, Samgha, PUga, Sartha, Sena etc. The term परिमाण (parimāṇa), in connection with the utterance of letters, is used in the sense of मात्राकाल (mātrākāla) or one mora.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Nyaya (school of philosophy)
Parimāṇa (परिमाण, “size”) or Parimāṇaguṇa refers to one of the twenty-four guṇas (qualities) according to all the modern works on Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika.—Parimāṇa (dimenison) is the sixth quality (guṇa). It is a general quality. This quality can be perceived through two sense-organs, eye and skin.Praśastapāda gives the definition in his Bhāṣya that parimāṇa is the cause of measurement. According to Viśvanātha, the definition of parimāṇa is that which is the cause of the convention of measurement. Śivāditya defines parimāṇa is that which has the generality of dimensionness and which is the special cause of the common usage of measurement.
Parimāṇa is divided into four kinds:—
- aṇu (atomic),
- mahat (large),
- dīrgha (long),
- hrasva (short).
These reside in all the nine substances. Again parimāṇa can be nitya (eternal) and anitya (transitory). That parimāṇa is nitya (eternal) which subsist in eternal substances and that is anitya (transitory) which is in the non-eternal substances. The parimāṇa of ether, time, space and soul is all pervasive and is the largest. The parimāṇa of these substances is nitya, because these are eternal substances. The parimāṇa of atom and manas is atomic and eternal. The parimāṇa of the composite products like dyad, triad etc. are anitya. The transitory dimension is produced from number, dimension and accumulation (pracaya).
Nyaya (न्याय, nyaya) refers to a school of Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. The Nyaya philosophy is known for its theories on logic, methodology and epistemology, however, it is closely related with Vaisheshika in terms of metaphysics.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Parimāṇa (परिमाण) refers to the “required quantity (for taking in water and foodstuffs)”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.5.5 (“The Tripuras are fascinated).—Accordingly, as Arihan said to the Lord of the Three Cities: “O ruler of the Asuras, listen to my statement, pregnant with wisdom. It is the essence of the Vedānta and bears high esoteric importance. [...] Taking in water and foodstuffs to the required quantity (parimāṇa) [nirāhāraparīmāṇaṃ prāpya], all living beings derive a kindred satisfaction, neither more nor less. After drinking water we are gladly relieved of thirst. Others too are equally relieved. There is no deviation this way or that. There may be a thousand damsels of exquisite beauty and comely features. But only one of them can be used at a time for the sexual intercourse. [...]”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
parimāṇa : (nt.) measure; extent; limit. (adj.) (in cpds.)measuring; comprising; extending over.
Parimāṇa, (nt.) (of pari+mā) measure, extent, limit, as adj. (-°) measuring, extending over, comprising J. I, 45; SnA 1 (pariyatti°); PvA. 113 (yojana°), 102 (anekabhāra°).—neg. aparimāṇa without limit, immeasurable, very great Vin. II, 62, 70; S. V, 430; A. II, 182; KhA 248; DA. I, 288 (°vaṇṇa); PvA. 110, 129. (Page 431)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
parimāṇa (परिमाण).—n (S) Measure, magnitude, quantity. 2 The rule or standard by which a thing is determined, adjusted, or proportioned. 3 A measure in general, whether of length, weight, or capacity, or of time; as a clock, an hour-glass. 4 S Measurement, ascertainment by measuring. 5 Magnitude or measure is distinguished into three orders; viz. aṇuparimāṇa or paramāṇuparimāṇa, mahatparimāṇa, paramamahatparimāṇa Magnitude of the molecule or corpuscle, i.e. measure in the infinitesimal or minimum; sensible magnitude from the measure of the molecule up to that of the earth or ocean; magnitude infinite or transcending measurement (e.g. that of ākāśa, vāyu, kāla, diśā, ātmā). 6 Used by translators to render Geometrical dimension.
parimāṇa (परिमाण).—n parimitī f parimīta f Measure. Standard. Measure in general.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Parimāṇa (परिमाण) or Parīmāṇa (परीमाण).—
1) Measuring, measure (of strength, power &c.); सद्यः परात्मपरिमाणविवेकमूढः (sadyaḥ parātmaparimāṇavivekamūḍhaḥ) Mu.1.1; Ku. 2.8; Manusmṛti 3.133; सदा पान्थः पूषा गगनपरिमाणं कलयति (sadā pānthaḥ pūṣā gaganaparimāṇaṃ kalayati) Bh.
2) Weight, number, value; प्रतिग्रहपरीमाणं (pratigrahaparīmāṇaṃ)...... शासनं कारयेत् स्थिरम् (śāsanaṃ kārayet sthiram) Y.1.32.
3) Size, dimension.
Derivable forms: parimāṇam (परिमाणम्), parīmāṇam (परीमाणम्).
Parimāṇa (परिमाण).—n.
(-ṇaṃ) 1. Measure. 2. Measuring. 3. Weight, number, value. E. pari completely, and māṇa measuring. pari + mā-lyuṭ .
Parimāṇa can also be spelled as Parīmāṇa (परीमाण).
Parimāṇa (परिमाण).—parīmāṇa, i. e. pari-mā + ana, n. 1. Circumference, Böhtl. Ind. Spr. 461. 2. Measure, [Harivaṃśa, (ed. Calc.)] 1033. 3. Weight, [Pañcatantra] ii. [distich] 84. 4. Length of time, Mahābhārata 3, 1407. 5. Number, Mahābhārata 11, 763.
Parimāṇa can also be spelled as Parīmāṇa (परीमाण).
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Parīmāṇa (परीमाण).—parīvarta parīvarta, parīvāda parīvāda, parīvāha parīvāha, parīhāra parīhāra, parīhāsa parīhāsa, see parimāº parimāº, etc., with i.
Parimāṇa (परिमाण).—[neuter] measuring, measure, compass, size, number, value; [adjective] amounting to (—°).*
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Parīmāṇa (परीमाण).—[neuter] = parimāṇa.
1) Parimāṇa (परिमाण):—[=pari-māṇa] [from pari-mā] n. measuring, meting out, [Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra; Varāha-mihira]
2) [v.s. ...] (also -ka n., [Bhāṣāpariccheda]) measure of any kind e.g. circumference, length, size, weight, number, value, duration (ifc. ‘amounting to’ [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc. cf. parīm)
3) Parīmāṇa (परीमाण):—[=parī-māṇa] [from parī] n. measure, circumference, size, weight, number, amount, [Mahābhārata; Yājñavalkya; Hemādri’s Caturvarga-cintāmaṇi] (cf. pari-m).
Parimāṇa (परिमाण):—[pari-māṇa] (ṇaṃ) 1. n. Measure.
[Sanskrit to German]
Parimāṇa (परिमाण) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Parimāṇa.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Parimāṇa (परिमाण) [Also spelled pariman]:—(nm) quantity; volume; ~[vācaka] quantitative; —[kī dṛṣṭi se] quantitatively.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
Parimāṇa (परिमाण) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Parimāṇa.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Parimāṇa (ಪರಿಮಾಣ):—
1) [noun] a measuring or being measured; mensuration; measurement.
2) [noun] extent, quality or size as determined by measuring; dimension; measurement.
3) [noun] any indeterminate bulk, weight or number.
4) [noun] the exact amount of a particular thing.
5) [noun] a portion or quantity weighing a definite or specified amount; weight.
6) [noun] (jain.) a religious vow of receiving or having only that much as much is needed (and not more).
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Parimāṇa (परिमाण):—n. quantity; magnitude; dimension;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Parimanabodhaka, Parimanaka, Parimanal, Parimanam, Parimananar, Parimanangula, Parimanaparigrahavrata, Parimanat, Parimanatas, Parimanate, Parimanavacaka, Parimanavakuti, Parimanavant, Parimanavat, Parimanavattva, Parimanavrata.
Full-text (+133): Aparimana, Parimanaka, Bhumiparimana, Parimanatas, Madhyaparimana, Parimanavant, Brahmalokaparimana, Tisattatiparimana, Pancacattalisavassaparimana, Dvanavutiparimana, Catusatthibhanavaraparimana, Catusatthiparimana, Patiggahanaparimana, Asitibhanavaraparimana, Musaladandaparimana, Vassasatamattaparimana, Bhanavarasataparimana, Kotisatasahassaparimana, Pancasuvannaparimana, Vassaparimana.
Relevant text
Search found 75 books and stories containing Parimana, Pari-mana, Pari-māṇa, Parī-māṇa, Parīmāṇa, Parimāṇa; (plurals include: Parimanas, manas, māṇas, Parīmāṇas, Parimāṇas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Nyaya-Vaisheshika categories (Study) (by Diptimani Goswami)
Qualities (6): Parimāṇa (Dimension) < [Chapter 4 - Quality and Action]
Divisions of Quality < [Chapter 4 - Quality and Action]
Substance (8): Ātmā (Self) < [Chapter 3 - Dravya (Substance)]
A History of Indian Philosophy Volume 1 (by Surendranath Dasgupta)
Part 9 - The six Padārthas: Dravya, Guṇa, Karma, Sāmānya, Viśeṣa, Samavāya < [Chapter VIII - The Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika Philosophy]
Part 10 - The Theory of Causation < [Chapter VIII - The Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika Philosophy]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 697 < [Hindi-Malayalam-English Volume 2]
Page 597 < [Hindi-Bengali-English Volume 2]
Page 15 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Padarthadharmasamgraha and Nyayakandali (by Ganganatha Jha)
Text 17 < [Chapter 3 - Similarities and Dissimilarities among Categories]
Text 86: On Dimension (Parimāṇa) < [Chapter 6a - On Qualities]
Text 87: On Isolation (Pṛthaktva) < [Chapter 6a - On Qualities]
Philosophy of Charaka-samhita (by Asokan. G)
General attributes (sāmānya-guṇas) < [Chapter 2 - Fundamental Categories]
Amarakoshodghatana of Kshirasvamin (study) (by A. Yamuna Devi)
Economics (4): Measures, Weights and Coinage < [Chapter 3 - Social Aspects]
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