Parikshana, Parīkṣaṇa: 15 definitions
Introduction:
Parikshana means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Parīkṣaṇa can be transliterated into English as Pariksana or Parikshana, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Parikshan.
In Hinduism
Vastushastra (architecture)
Source: McGill: The architectural theory of the MānasāraParīkṣaṇa (परीक्षण, “examination”).—In the Mānasāra, several words denote the synthetic and analytic seeing of the sthapati in the course of making the temple and image. The most commonly occurring are prekṣaṇa, parīkṣaṇa and vīkṣaṇa. They conjoin respectively the prefixes pra, “before, in front of”, pari, “around”, and vi, “apart, asunder” to √īkṣ, “to see”.
The word in the text for these tests (bhūmisaṃgraha) is parīkṣa, examination. In this case, the prefix pari, “around”, connotes, again, that the process is more phenomenological than scientific.
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
Sports, Arts and Entertainment (wordly enjoyments)
Source: archive.org: Syainika Sastra of Rudradeva with English Translation (art)Parīkṣaṇa (परीक्षण) refers to “testing (one’s loyalty)”, according to the Śyainika-śāstra: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by Rājā Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.—Accordingly, [while discussing the importance of hawks]: “[...] To please and protect the people and to test (parīkṣaṇa) their loyalty [śaśvat raktāraktaparīkṣaṇam] or otherwise by keen observation, to take into, and inspire them with confidence or to distrust them, as the case may be, to know their mind by the movement of their eyes and their actions, [...] and such other qualities, which have been highly spoken of in politics [are considered also essential in the art of hawking]”.
This section covers the skills and profiencies of the Kalas (“performing arts”) and Shastras (“sciences”) involving ancient Indian traditions of sports, games, arts, entertainment, love-making and other means of wordly enjoyments. Traditionally these topics were dealt with in Sanskrit treatises explaing the philosophy and the justification of enjoying the pleasures of the senses.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryparīkṣaṇa (परीक्षण).—n S Trying or testing; examining, investigating, looking into.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishparīkṣaṇa (परीक्षण).—n Examining.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryParīkṣaṇa (परीक्षण).—Putting to test, testing, examining; गुणदोषपरीक्षणम् (guṇadoṣaparīkṣaṇam) Manusmṛti 1.117; Y.2.177.
Derivable forms: parīkṣaṇam (परीक्षणम्).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryParikṣaṇa (परिक्षण).—n.
(-ṇaṃ) Trial, experiment, examination. E. pari about, īkṣ to see, aff. lyuṭ.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryParīkṣaṇa (परीक्षण).—i. e. pari-īkṣ + ana, n. and f. ṇā, Examination, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 1, 117.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryParīkṣaṇa (परीक्षण).—[neuter] ṇā [feminine] examination, investigation.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Parikṣāṇa (परिक्षाण):—[=pari-kṣāṇa] [from pari-kṣā] mfn. charred or burnt to a cinder, [Aitareya-brāhmaṇa]
2) Parīkṣaṇa (परीक्षण):—[from parīkṣ] n. (rarely ṇā f.) trying, testing, experiment, investigation, [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata etc.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryParīkṣaṇa (परीक्षण):—[parī+kṣaṇa] (ṇaṃ) 1. n. Trial, test.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Parīkṣaṇa (परीक्षण) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Parikkhaṇa, Parikkhaṇā, Parikhaṇa.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryParīkṣaṇa (परीक्षण) [Also spelled parikshan]:—(nm) act or process of examination, examining; test/testing; trial.
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Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusParīkṣaṇa (ಪರೀಕ್ಷಣ):—[noun] = ಪರೀಕ್ಷಣೆ [parikshane].
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Kshana, Pari.
Starts with: Parikshana-darta, Parikshana-kala, Parikshana-nali.
Ends with: Anuparikshana, Ashvaparikshana, Dharmadharmaparikshana, Gunadoshaparikshana, Lekhaparikshana, Mutraparikshana, Nityaparikshana, Pratiparikshana, Pratyakshaparikshana, Punahparikshana, Sakshiparikshana, Samparikshana, Shaktiparikshana, Shavaparikshana, Sukshma-parikshana, Suparikshana, Upaparikshana, Vyupaparikshana, Yoniparikshana.
Full-text: Parikkhaṇa, Suparikshana, Gunadoshaparikshana, Pratyakshaparikshana, Parikshan, Pareekshan-kaal, Paritcanam, Parikhana, Sakshiparikshana, Sookshm-pareekshan, Nityaparikshana, Upaparikshana, Dharmadharmaparikshana, Vikshana, Ksha, Lekha, Prekṣaṇa.
Relevant text
Search found 3 books and stories containing Parikshana, Parīkṣaṇa, Pariksana, Parikṣaṇa, Parikṣāṇa, Pari-kshana, Pari-kṣāṇa, Pari-ksana, Parīkṣaṇā; (plurals include: Parikshanas, Parīkṣaṇas, Pariksanas, Parikṣaṇas, Parikṣāṇas, kshanas, kṣāṇas, ksanas, Parīkṣaṇās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary) (by Śrī Śrīmad Bhaktivedānta Nārāyana Gosvāmī Mahārāja)
Verse 2.1.28 < [Chapter 1 - Vairāgya (renunciation)]
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 3.6.9 < [Chapter 6 - The Test of Śrī Kṛṣṇa]
Verse 2.19.1 < [Chapter 19 - The Rāsa-dance Pastime]
Chapter 6 - The Test of Śrī Kṛṣṇa < [Canto 3 - Girirāja-khaṇḍa]
Yajnavalkya-smriti (Vyavaharadhyaya)—Critical study (by Kalita Nabanita)
Chapter 5.11 - Laws Relating to Rescission of Purchase (krītānuśaya) < [Chapter 5 - Vyavahārādhyāya and the Modern Indian Laws]
Chapter 3.6c - Slavery in India < [Chapter 3 - The Social Aspect Depicted in the Vyavahārādhyāya]
Chapter 4.3 - Special Adjudicatory Machinery < [Chapter 4 - The Political Aspect Reflected in the Vyavahārādhyāya]