Param, Paraṃ: 11 definitions

Introduction:

Param means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Buddhism, Pali, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi, Tamil. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

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Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

paraṃ : (adv.) after; beyond; further; on the other side of. || pāraṃ (adv.) beyond; across; over.

Pali book cover
context information

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

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Sanskrit dictionary

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Param (परम्).—indecl. (nowhere recorded; Sanskrit paramam is so used), particle of assent, especially to a command, assuredly, certainly: Divyāvadāna 288.13; 292.24; 293.8; 390.1; 407.29; 460.3; in Lalitavistara 102.9 (prose) Lefm. parameti, with all his mss., read surely param iti with Calcutta (see LV.), supported in sense by Tibetan; a verb eti is not construable, and paramaṃ ti (for iti), or paramam iti, would be much less probable emendations.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Param (परम्).—ind. A particle of command. 2. Of dismissal or refusal. 3. Hereafter, afterwards.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Param (परम्):—[from para] ind. afterwards, later

2) [v.s. ...] (with [ablative]) beyond, after (e.g. paraṃ vijñānāt, beyond human knowledge; astam-ayāt p, after sunset; mattaḥ p, after me; ataḥ p or param ataḥ, after this, farther on, hereafter, next; itaḥ p, henceforward, from now; tataḥ p or tataś ca p, after that, thereupon; nāsmāt p [for māsmāt p], no more of this, enough), [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.

3) [v.s. ...] in a high degree, excessively, greatly, completely, [ib.]

4) [v.s. ...] rather, most willingly, by all means, [ib.]

5) [v.s. ...] I will, so be it, [Divyāvadāna]

6) [v.s. ...] at the most, at the utmost, merely, no more than, nothing but, [ib.]

7) [v.s. ...] but, however, otherwise (paraṃ tu or paraṃ kiṃ tu idem; yadi p, if at all, perhaps, at any rate; na-p, not-but; na paraṃ-api, not only-but also; paraṃ na-api na, not only not-but not even; na paraṃ-yāvat, not only-but even), [ib.]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Param (परम्):—adv. Hereafter.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Param (परम्) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Paraṃ.

[Sanskrit to German]

Param in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Param in Hindi refers in English to:—(a) extreme; ultimate; absolute; supreme; best; utmost; (nm) the Supreme Being, God; —[agrata] absolute priority; —[gati] liberation, salvation; —[gahana] extremely complicated/incomprehensible; too deep; too difficult; insurmountable; —[tattva] the Essential Element, the Supreme Being; —[tapa] absolute temperature; —[pada] the highest seat, liberation, salvation; —[pavana] His Holiness; extremely holy, of supreme holiness; —[pita] the Creator of all, God; —[purusha] God; —[purushartha] highest Good, summum bonum; —[brahma] God; —[bhattaraka] an ancient honorofic title or form of address to an Emperor; —[mahamanya] His Exalted Highness; —[mapakrama] absolute scale; ~[hamsa] the supreme amongst the [samnyasi]s; a liberated soul, one who has attained transcendental existence..—param (परम) is alternatively transliterated as Parama.

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Prakrit-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary

Paraṃ (परं) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Param.

context information

Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.

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Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Pāraṃ (ಪಾರಂ):—

1) [adverb] adequately or sufficiently.

2) [adverb] to a considerable extent or degree.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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Tamil dictionary

Source: DDSA: University of Madras: Tamil Lexicon

Param (பரம்) noun < para.

1. That which is pre-eminent, excellent; மேலானது. விரதமே பரமாக . . . சாத்திரங் காட்டினர் [melanathu. virathame paramaga . . . sathirang kattinar] (திருவாசகம் [thiruvasagam] 4, 50).

2. A manifestation of Viṣṇu, one of five tirumāl-nilai, q.v.; திருமால்நிலை ஐந்தனுள் ஒன்று. [thirumalnilai ainthanul onru.] (அஷ்டதாச ரகஸ்யம் தத்வத். [ashdathasa ragasyam thathvath.] 3, 41.)

3. God; கடவுள். காணலாம் பரமே [kadavul. kanalam parame] (திருவாசகம் [thiruvasagam] 5, 44).

4. Heaven; மேலுலகம். இகபரமாகி யிருந்தவனே [melulagam. igaparamagi yirunthavane] (திருவாசகம் [thiruvasagam] 6, 17).

5. That which is celestial, divine or heavenly; திவ்வியம். [thivviyam.]

6. Final bliss; மோட்சம். (பிங்கலகண்டு) [modsam. (pingalagandu)]

7. Liberation from births; பிறவி நீக்கம். [piravi nikkam.] (W.)

8. The front; முன். (பிங்கலகண்டு) [mun. (pingalagandu)]

9. Upper portion; மேலிடம். அகிற்புகை . . . பரங்கொடு போகி [melidam. agirpugai . . . parangodu pogi] (இரகுவமிசம் நகர. [iraguvamisam nagara.] 4).

10. That which is different or alien; அன்னியம். [anniyam.]

11. Side, party; சார்பு. தெவ்வ ரென்பார் பரமொருங்குவதலால் [sarpu. thevva renpar paramorunguvathalal] (கம்பராமாயணம் யுத்த. மந்திரப். [kambaramayanam yutha. manthirap.] 90).

12. Fitness; தகுதி. தம்பரமல்லன வாண்மைகளை [thaguthi. thambaramallana vanmaigalai] (நாலாயிர திவ்யப்பிரபந்தம் பெரியதி. [nalayira thivyappirapandam periyathi.] 10, 7, 13).

13. Completeness, fulness; நிறைவு. [niraivu.] (நாமதீபநிகண்டு [namathipanigandu] 774.)

14. Hell; நரகம். (பிங்கலகண்டு) [naragam. (pingalagandu)]

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Param (பரம்) noun < bhara.

1. Burden, weight; heaviness; பாரம். (பிங்கலகண்டு) மிசைப்பரந் தோண்டாது [param. (pingalagandu) misaipparan thondathu] (புறநானூறு [purananuru] 30).

2. Body; உடல். இப் பரந் துடைத்தவர் [udal. ip paran thudaithavar] (கம்பராமாயணம் கடிமண. [kambaramayanam kadimana.] 69).

3. Armour for the body; கவசம். (சூடாமணிநிகண்டு) [kavasam. (sudamaninigandu)]

4. A kind of shield; கேடகவகை. புளகத்தோற்பரம் [kedagavagai. pulagathorparam] (சீவகசிந்தாமணி [sivagasindamani] 2218).

5. Saddle of a horse; குதிரைக்கலனை. (பிங்கலகண்டு) [kuthiraikkalanai. (pingalagandu)]

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Param (பரம்) noun < udumbara. Red-wooded figuratively See அத்தி. (அகராதி நிகண்டு) [athi. (agarathi nigandu)]

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Pāram (பாரம்) noun probably from பரு-மை. [paru-mai.]

1. Earth; பூமி. (பிங்கலகண்டு) [pumi. (pingalagandu)]

2. Indian cotton plant. See பருத்தி. பாரம் பீரம் பைங்குருக் கத்தி [paruthi. param piram paingurug kathi] (பத்துப்பாட்டு: குறிஞ்சிப்பாட்டு [pathuppattu: kurinchippattu] 92).

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Pāram (பாரம்) noun < bhāra.

1. Bearing, sustaining; பொறுக்கை. (சூடாமணிநிகண்டு) [porukkai. (sudamaninigandu)]

2. Weight, heaviness; கனம். (சூடாமணிநிகண்டு) [kanam. (sudamaninigandu)]

3. Burden, load; சுமை. பாரேறு பெரும்பாரந் தீர [sumai. pareru perumbaran thira] (நாலாயிர திவ்யப்பிரபந்தம் பெரியதி. [nalayira thivyappirapandam periyathi.] 2, 10, 8).

4. A standard weight = 20, 21 or 28 tulām in different localities; இடவேறுபாடு பற்றி [idaverupadu parri] 20 அல்லது [allathu] 21 அல்லது [allathu] 28 துலாங்கொண்ட நிறைவகை. (பிங்கலகண்டு) [thulangonda niraivagai. (pingalagandu)]

5. Accountability, responsibility, charge, trust; பொறுப்பு. அவன்மேல் பார மேற்றினார். [poruppu. avanmel para merrinar.] (W.)

6. Big family, considered a burden; பெருங்குடும்பம். பசித்தும் வாரேம் பாரமு மிலமே [perungudumbam. pasithum varem paramu milame] (புறநானூறு [purananuru] 145).

7. Oppressiveness; heinousness; கொடுமை. [kodumai.] (W.)

8. Heaviness of head, dullness or lethargy from cold or fever; சுரம் முதலியவற்றால் உண்டாகும் தலைக்கனம். [suram muthaliyavarral undagum thalaikkanam.] (W.)

9. Respectability, nobility, greatness; பெருமை. பாரமா மரபு [perumai. parama marapu] (மகாபாரதம் சம்பவ. [magaparatham sambava.] 39).

10. Duty, obligation; கடமை. (யாழ்ப்பாணத்து மானிப்பாயகராதி) [kadamai. (yazhppanathu manippayagarathi)]

11. Commitment, surrender to authority; ஒப்புவிக்கை. [oppuvikkai.] (W.)

12. Saddle; குதிரைக்கலனை. (சூடாமணிநிகண்டு) [kuthiraikkalanai. (sudamaninigandu)]

13. Coat of mail; கவசம். (பிங்கலகண்டு) [kavasam. (pingalagandu)]

14. cf. பாரகம்³. [paragam³.] Boat; தோணி. (சூடாமணிநிகண்டு) [thoni. (sudamaninigandu)]

15. Yoke for carrying a load; காவுதடி. (யாழ்ப்பாணத்து மானிப்பாயகராதி) [kavuthadi. (yazhppanathu manippayagarathi)]

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Pāram (பாரம்) noun < pāra.

1. Bank, shore; கரை. (பிங்கலகண்டு) காளிந்தி நதியின் பாரம் [karai. (pingalagandu) kalinthi nathiyin param] (மகாபாரதம் குரு. [magaparatham kuru.] 90).

2. End, extremity; முடிவு. [mudivu.] (W.)

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Pāram (பாரம்) noun A game; விளையாட்டு வகை. (யாழ்ப்பாணத்து மானிப்பாயகராதி) [vilaiyattu vagai. (yazhppanathu manippayagarathi)]

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Pāram (பாரம்) noun probably from pārada. Quicksilver; பாதரசம். (யாழ்ப்பாணத்து மானிப்பாயகராதி) [patharasam. (yazhppanathu manippayagarathi)]

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Param (பரம்) noun < para. Mendicant; பரதசாஸ்திரம்ேசி. நீ கிருத்திகைதோறும் பத்துப் பரங்கட்குத் தவறாது அன்னம் போட்டுவா [parathesi. ni kiruthigaithorum pathup parangadkuth thavarathu annam pottuva] (மதி. க. [mathi. ka.] i, 180).

context information

Tamil is an ancient language of India from the Dravidian family spoken by roughly 250 million people mainly in southern India and Sri Lanka.

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