Panka, Paṅka, Pamka, Pāṅkā: 23 definitions
Introduction:
Panka means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Tamil. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: archive.org: Vagbhata’s Ashtanga Hridaya Samhita (first 5 chapters)Paṅka (पङ्क) refers to “mud”, as mentioned in verse 5.6-8 of the Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā (Sūtrasthāna) by Vāgbhaṭa.—Accordingly, “[...] Not shall one drink (water that is) turbid and covered (āstṛta) with mud [viz., paṅka], tape-grass, grass, and leaves, unseen by sun, moon, and wind, rained upon, thick, heavy, [...]: (such water) one shall not drink”.
Note: Paṅka (“mud”) has been translated tautologically by ’dam-rdzab, that is, “mud & mire”.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramPaṅka (पङ्क) refers to “mud” (e.g., ‘the mud of fear’), according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, “I salute the venerable Kulālī, the supreme break-through, the awakening to the door of liberation. Her body is the bliss of the divine Command and, on the (transcendental) plane of Akula, she is universal consciousness. [...] The whole reality has been attained whose glorious power is unperturbed and from which the mud of fear [i.e., ātaṅka-paṅka] has been removed”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationPaṅka (पङ्क) refers to “marshy ground” (due to blood), according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.5.20 (“The fight between the Gaṇas and the Asuras”).—Accordingly, as Jalandhara laid siege to Kailāsa: “[...] With the dead elephants, horses and foot soldiers, the earth shone in the same way as before when great mountains were scattered, smitten by the thunderbolt of Indra. With the groups of Daityas killed by the Pramathas, and with the Gaṇas killed by the Daityas, the whole ground was filled with suets, flesh and streams of blood. It became so marshy (paṅka-āḍhya) as it became impassable. With the power of Sañjīvanī, Bhārgava resuscitated the forces of the Daityas killed by the Pramathas in the battle again and again. [...]”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita SastraPaṅka (पङ्क) refers to the “mud” (of old age and death), according to the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra chapter 40.—Accordingly: [...] Furthermore, the Buddha is superior to the noble Cakravartin king. The noble Cakravartin king has not eliminated all the passions; the Buddha has eliminated them definitively. The noble Cakravartin king is plunged in the mud (paṅka) of old age (jarā) and death (maraṇa); the Buddha has come out of it. The noble Cakravartin king is subject to the emotions; the Buddha has transcended them. [...]
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve ReflectionsPaṅka (पङ्क) refers to the “mud” (of the cycle of rebirth), according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “Who has not been [your] relative? Which living beings have not been your enemies, you who is mercilessly immersed in the mud of the miserable and unfathomable cycle of rebirth (paṅka-magna—durantāgādhasaṃsārapaṅkamagnasya)? Here [in the cycle of rebirth] a king becomes an insect and an insect becomes the chief of the gods. An embodied soul might wander about, tricked by [their] karma without being able to help it”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossaryPaṅka.—(EI 33), a share; cf. paṅga. Note: paṅka is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionarypaṅka : (m.) mud; mire; impurity; defilement.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryPaṅka, (cp. Epic Sk. paṅka, with k suffix to root *pene for *pele, as in Lat. palus; cp. Goth. fani mire, excrements, Ohg, fenna “fen, ” bog; also Ital. fango mud, Ohg. fūht wet. See Walde Lat. Wtb. under palus. BSk. paṅka, e.g. Jtm 215 paṅka-nimagna) mud, mire; defilement, impurity S. I, 35, 60; III, 118; A. III, 311; IV, 289; Sn. 970 (°danta rajassira with dirt between their teeth and dust on their heads, from travelling); III, 236 (id.); IV, 362 (id.); Sn. 535, 845, 945, 1145 (Nd2 374: kāma-paṅko kāma-kaddamo etc.); Dh. 141, 327; Nd1 203; Pv III, 33; IV, 32; Miln. 346; Dhs. 1059, 1136. (Page 382)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarypaṅka (पंक).—m (pāka S) Sugar or molasses boiled (in preparation for sweetmeats &c.), syrup. 2 S Mud.
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pāṅka (पांक).—m (paṅka S Mud, or pāka S Cooking.) Sugar clarified and inspissated in preparation for sweetmeats, syrup.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishpaṅka (पंक).—m Sugar or molasses boiled (in preparation for sweetmeats &c.), syrup. Mud.
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pāṅka (पांक).—m Syrup.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryPaṅka (पङ्क).—[pañc-vistāre karmaṇi karaṇe vā ghañ kutvam]
1) Mud, clay, mire; अनीत्वा पङ्कतां धूलिमुदकं नावतिष्ठते (anītvā paṅkatāṃ dhūlimudakaṃ nāvatiṣṭhate) Ś.2.34; पङ्कक्लिन्नमुखाः (paṅkaklinnamukhāḥ) Mṛcchakaṭika 5.14; Kirātārjunīya 2.6; R.16.3.
2) Hence a thick mass, large quantity; कृष्णागुरुपङ्कः (kṛṣṇāgurupaṅkaḥ) K.3.
3) A slough, quagmire.
4) Sin.
5) Ointment, unguent; पङ्कोऽरुणः सुरभिरात्मविषाण ईदृक् (paṅko'ruṇaḥ surabhirātmaviṣāṇa īdṛk) Bhāgavata 5.2.11.
Derivable forms: paṅkaḥ (पङ्कः), paṅkam (पङ्कम्).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryPaṅka (पङ्क).—mn.
(-ṅkaḥ-ṅkaṃ) 1. Mud, mire, clay. 2. Sin. E. paci to spread, aff. karmaṇi, karaṇe vā ghañ and ca changed to ka .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryPaṅka (पङ्क).—m. Mud, mire, clay, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 4, 191. 2. Ointment, [Ṛtusaṃhāra] 1, 6; [Rāmāyaṇa] 3, 53, 57 (mire and ointment).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryPaṅka (पङ्क).—[substantive] mud, dirt.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Paṅka (पङ्क):—mn. ([gana] ardharcādi, said to be [from] √1. pac ‘to spread’) mud, mire, dirt, clay (ifc. f(ā). ), [Suparṇādhyāya; Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.
2) ointment, unguent (in [compound]; cf. kuṅkuma-, candanaetc.), [Kāvya literature; Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
3) moral impurity, sin, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryPaṅka (पङ्क):—[(ṅkaḥ-ṅkaṃ)] 1. m. n. Mud; sin.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Paṅka (पङ्क) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Paṃka, Paṃkā.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Prakrit-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary1) Paṃka (पंक) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Paṅka.
2) Paṃkā (पंका) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Paṅkā.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusPaṃka (ಪಂಕ):—
1) [noun] wet, soft earth or earthy matter, as on the ground after rain, at the bottom of a pond or along the banks of a river; mire; mud.
2) [noun] a paste of sandal powder.
3) [noun] any unclean or soiling matter, as mud, dust, dung, trash, etc.; filth.
4) [noun] transgression of divine law; any act regarded as such a transgression, esp. a wilful or deliberate violation of some religious or moral principle; any reprehensible or regrettable action, behaviour, lapse, etc.;a sin.
5) [noun] (fig.) a distressed or wretched condition.
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Paṃka (ಪಂಕ):—[noun] = ಪಂಖ [pamkha].
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Tamil dictionary
Source: DDSA: University of Madras: Tamil LexiconPaṅkā (பங்கா) noun < Urdu paṅkhā. Punkah, a large swinging fan; ஆட்டுதற்குரிய தூங்குவிசிறி வகை. [attutharkuriya thunguvisiri vagai.] (W.)
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Pāṅkā (பாங்கா) noun < Urdu bānkā. A kind of bugle-horn; வாங்கா என்ற ஊதுகொம்பு. (அபிதானசிந்தாமணிமேகலை) [vanga enra uthugombu. (apithanasindamani)]
Tamil is an ancient language of India from the Dravidian family spoken by roughly 250 million people mainly in southern India and Sri Lanka.
Nepali dictionary
Source: unoes: Nepali-English DictionaryPaṅka (पङ्क):—n. 1. mud; mire; slime; bog; 2. sin; scandal;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+117): Pamkabha, Pamkajagarbha, Pamkajaksha, Pamkajanetre, Pamkaprabhe, Pamkavai, Pankabhaj, Pankabharaka, Pankabhava, Pankacakam, Pankacakitam, Pankacam, Pankacara, Pankacarttam, Pankacatam, Pankacchid, Pankachar, Pankachhid, Pankachid, Pankadanta.
Ends with (+5): Anutapanka, Apanka, Candanapanka, Chandanapanka, Dhankapanka, Janmapanka, Kalpanka, Kamapanka, Kampanka, Kashmirapanka, Kunkumapanka, Kupanka, Madyapanka, Mahapanka, Malapanka, Nadipanka, Nilapanka, Nippamka, Nishpanka, Palvalapanka.
Full-text (+178): Pankaja, Pankashurana, Pankajanman, Madyapanka, Pankashukti, Pankavasa, Pankaruh, Pankata, Pankakrida, Nilapanka, Nadipanka, Pankaprabha, Pankacchid, Pankakarvata, Nishpanka, Pankadigdhanga, Pankajini, Pankagati, Pankampalai, Pankabhava.
Relevant text
Search found 49 books and stories containing Panka, Paangaa, Pamka, Paṃka, Paṃkā, Panga, Pangaa, Paṅka, Pāṅka, Paṅkā, Pāṅkā; (plurals include: Pankas, Paangaas, Pamkas, Paṃkas, Paṃkās, Pangas, Pangaas, Paṅkas, Pāṅkas, Paṅkās, Pāṅkās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 10.1 [Upamā] < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Text 10.57 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Text 10.204 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Dhammapada (Illustrated) (by Ven. Weagoda Sarada Maha Thero)
Verse 141 - The Story of Venerable Bahūbhāṇḍika < [Chapter 10 - Daṇḍa Vagga (Punishment)]
Bhasa (critical and historical study) (by A. D. Pusalker)
Appendix 3 - Anthology Verses and Verses ascribed to Bhasa
Chapter 2 - Authorship of Bhasa and authenticity of the Trivandrum plays
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Page 101 < [Volume 6 (1882)]
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 8.13.104 < [Chapter 13 - A Thousand Names of Lord Balarāma]
Verse 4.8.38 < [Chapter 8 - In the Story of the Yajña-sītās, the Glories of Ekādaśī]
Verse 2.17.20 < [Chapter 17 - The Meeting of Śrī Rādhā-Kṛṣṇa]
Chaitanya Bhagavata (by Bhumipati Dāsa)
Verse 2.9.64 < [Chapter 9 - The Lord’s Twenty-One Hour Ecstasy and Descriptions of Śrīdhara and Other Devotees’ Characteristics]
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