Pakhanda, Pākhaṇḍa, Pakhamda: 16 definitions
Introduction:
Pakhanda means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaPākhaṇḍa (पाखण्ड).—An ancient place of habitation in Dakṣiṇa Bhārata. Sahadeva one of the Pāṇḍavas sent his messengers and subdued the country. (Śloka 70, Chapter 31 Sabhā Parva).
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationPākhaṇḍa (पाखण्ड) refers to “heretics” whose company was associated unfavourably for the religiously devoted, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.1.17:—“[...] he [Guṇanidhi] began to speak ill of the Vedas, sacred texts, Devas and Brahmins. He did not follow the conventions and injunctions of the Smṛti code, He indulged in singing and playing. Actors (naṭa), heretics (pākhaṇḍa) etc. were his beloved friends. Although his mother wanted him to meet his father now and then, he never went near his father. Engaged in extra-domestic activities Yajñadatta used to ask his wife ‘Dear good woman, what is our son Guṇanidhi doing? He is not at home’.”.
Pākhaṇḍa (“heretics”) is used by Dakṣa to address Nandin and Śiva after cursing them, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.2.26:—“[...] censured and rebuked thus by Nandin, Dakṣa the patriarch who was still furious cursed Nandin too. Dakṣa said:—‘[...] You all will be confirmed heretics (pākhaṇḍa), out of the conventions of society. You will indulge in drinking wine. Matted hair, ashes and bones will be your embellishments’”.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana IndexPākhaṇḍa (पाखण्ड).—(also Pākhaṇḍins)—deities of: kites, vultures, cranes, and banyan trees, not accepted by Ārya religion;1 Shine in Kali and oppose Vedic religion;2 created by Indra; followers of Śiva according to the curse of Bḥṛgu. Two kinds, one naked and the other wearing red clothes;3 Vṛddhaśrāvaka, Nirgrantha, Śākya, Ājivaka and Kārpaṭa are some sects: vanquished by Pramati in a Devāsura war.4
- 1) Bhāgavata-purāṇa V. 14. 29.
- 2) V. 20. 8 and 23.
- 3) IV. 2. 28 and 30; 19. 24-25, 35-36.
- 4) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 31. 53, 66 and 80; III. 14. 39; 74. 207.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by VarahamihiraPākhaṇḍa (पाखण्ड) or Pāṣaṇḍa refers to “impostors”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 8), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “The years of Jupiter (bṛhaspati) take their names from the several Nakṣatras in which he reappears after his conjunction with the Sun; and these names are identical with the names of the lunar months. [...] In the Śrāvaṇa year of Jupiter, mankind will be happy and crops will thrive and ripen well; wicked men and impostors [i.e., pākhaṇḍa/pāṣaṇḍa] will suffer with their followers”
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): (shaktism)Pākhaṇḍa (पाखण्ड) refers to the “Pāṣaṇḍas”, according to the 17th century Kaulagajamardana (“crushing the Kaula elephant”) authored by Kāśīnātha or Kṛṣṇānandācala.—Accordingly, [as Īśvara said to Pārvatī]: “Listen, O Pārvatī, I shall give a critique of the Pāṣaṇḍas [i.e., pākhaṇḍa]. Knowing this, a wise man is not defeated by them. Those devoted to fake observances; those who rebuke the religion of the Vedas; those who have fallen from caste and religious duties; those who have erred and think themselves learned, they are [all] called Pāṣaṇḍas [because] they act contrary to [true] religion. They fall into a terrifying hell until the end of the world. [...]”
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve ReflectionsPākhaṇḍa (पाखण्ड) refers to “heretics”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “[com.—Next he speaks about the nature (svarūpam) of heretics (pākhaṇḍānāṃ)]—Some person destroys himself, someone is destroyed by those who have destroyed [themselves] and someone is diverted from the path [to liberation] by the teachings of fierce heretics (caṇḍa-pākhaṇḍa-śāsana). Having abandoned the ruby of discrimination that fulfils all desires the one who is stupid is occupied with ideas that are unconsidered and pleasing”.
Synonyms: Pāṣaṇḍa
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarypākhaṇḍa (पाखंड).—n (S) Denial of the authority of the Vedas; acknowledgment only of one of the persons of the Hindu triad; heterodoxy. 2 A malicious fabrication, a calumny: also an imposture, the false story of a pretender.
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pākhāṇḍa (पाखांड).—& pākhāṇḍī Properly pākhaṇḍa & pākhaṇḍī.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishpākhaṇḍa (पाखंड).—n Heterodoxy. Calumny. An imposture.
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pākhāṇḍa (पाखांड).—n Heterodoxy. Calumny. An imposture.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryPākhaṇḍa (पाखण्ड).—
1) A heretic; पाखण्डचण्डालयोः पापारम्भकयोर्मृगीव वृकयोर्भीरुर्गता गोचरम् (pākhaṇḍacaṇḍālayoḥ pāpārambhakayormṛgīva vṛkayorbhīrurgatā gocaram) Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 5.24; दुरात्मन् पाखण्डचण्डाल (durātman pākhaṇḍacaṇḍāla) Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 5; पाखण्डाः पण्डितंमन्या न ते किमपि जानते (pākhaṇḍāḥ paṇḍitaṃmanyā na te kimapi jānate) Amana. Up.2.12.
2) The Jainas or Bauddhas; अस्वधर्मो ममैष पाखण्डावतारः (asvadharmo mamaiṣa pākhaṇḍāvatāraḥ) Daśakumāracarita 2.
Derivable forms: pākhaṇḍaḥ (पाखण्डः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryPākhaṇḍa (पाखण्ड).—m.
(-ṇḍaḥ) A heretic, a heterodox Hindu, adopting the exterior marks of the classes, but not respecting the ordinances of the Vedas. E. pā for pāla what nourishes, (mankind, as virtue may be said to do,) and khaḍi to subvert or destroy, aff. aṇ; also pāṣaṇḍa.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryPākhaṇḍa (पाखण्ड).—= pāṣaṇḍa.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English DictionaryPākhaṇḍa (पाखण्ड):—m. = (and [probably] only [wrong reading] for) pāṣaṇḍa, q.v.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryPākhaṇḍa (पाखण्ड):—(ṇḍaḥ) 1. m. A heretic.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusPākhaṃḍa (ಪಾಖಂಡ):—
1) [noun] a person who professes a heresy; esp. the one who refutes the authority of the vedas and does not believe existence of god; an heretic; an atheist.
2) [noun] the rejection of the authority of the vedas and nonbelief in god; heresy; atheism.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Pakhamdamata, Pakhandajnana, Pakhandashasana, Pakhandavacana.
Ends with: Amanaskagurukalpakhanda, Amanaskakalpakhanda, Candapakhanda, Dvipakhamda, Gurukalpakhanda, Jhadapakhanda, Kalpakhanda, Padapakhanda, Pancapakhanda, Rudrapakhanda, Sankalpakhanda, Udupakhamda, Upakhanda, Vana-upakhanda.
Full-text: Pashanda, Pakhandin, Aryasamaya, Pashandayatana, Pakantan, Pakhamda, Pakhand, Canda, Nata, Asipatravana, Khandana, Vibhrama, Kaliyuga, Sumati, Shanda, Daksha.
Relevant text
Search found 7 books and stories containing Pakhanda, Pākhaṇḍa, Pakhamda, Pākhāṇḍa, Pākhaṃḍa; (plurals include: Pakhandas, Pākhaṇḍas, Pakhamdas, Pākhāṇḍas, Pākhaṃḍas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita (by Nayana Sharma)
The Date of Caraka Saṃhitā < [Chapter 1]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 10.125 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Lalitopakhyana (Lalita Mahatmya) (by G.V. Tagare)
Hindu Pluralism (by Elaine M. Fisher)
Hinduism in the Sectarian Age < [Chapter 1 - Hindu Sectarianism: Difference in Unity]
The Bhagavata Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 13 - The Saṃsāra—a forest: An allegory < [Book 5 - Fifth Skandha]
Chapter 3 - Dharma (Righteous Way of Life) in every Yuga: Efficacy of God’s Name < [Book 12 - Twelfth Skandha]
The Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 206 - Procedure for Performing Śrāddha < [Section 1 - Prabhāsa-kṣetra-māhātmya]
Chapter 5 - Dialogue between Nārada and Sutanu < [Section 2 - Kaumārikā-khaṇḍa]