Padmaka: 26 definitions
Introduction:
Padmaka means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Vastushastra (architecture)
Source: Wisdom Library: Vāstu-śāstra1) Padmaka (पद्मक):—One of the eight types of villages, according to Chapter 9 of the Mānasāra (called the grāmalakṣaṇam). The Mānasāra is one of the traditional authorative Hindu treatises on Vāstuśāstra (science of architecture). The form of this village is said to be tattadrūpeṇa, which means it represents the form of the meaning of its Sanskrit name.
2) Padmaka (पद्मक):—The Sanskrit name for a classification of a ‘temple’, according to the Viśvakarmaprakāśa and the 2nd century Matsyapurāṇa, both featuring a list of 20 temple types. In the Matsyapurāṇa however, the name for this temple category is Padma. This list represents the classification of temples in South-India.
Padmaka is found in another list in the Samarāṅgaṇasūtradhāra, chapter 63, where it is listed in the group named Nāgara, containing 20 different prāsādas (temples/buildings).
Source: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (vastu)Padmaka (पद्मक) is classified as a “tree beneficial for the construction of temples”, according to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.—The eco-friendly suggestions of Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa are seen to protect the greenery and to balance a pollution free environment. [...] The architect is suggested to go to the forest to collect appropriate wood (e.g., from the Padmaka tree) for temples in an auspicious day after taking advice from an astrologer. [...] According to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, the woods of some particular trees remain beneficial for the construction of temples. At the time of cutting the trees [e.g., Padmaka] one should clean the axe by smearing honey and ghee. After collecting the suitable wood from forest, the architect uses it according to his requirements and purposes.
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: Wisdom Library: Āyurveda and botanyPadmaka (पद्मक ) is a Sanskrit word referring to “Bird cherry”, a small tree from the Rosaceae family, and is used throughout Ayurvedic literature such as the Caraka-saṃhitā. It is also known as Padmagandhi. Its official botanical name is Prunus cerasoides, Prunus puddum or Prunus majestica. It typically grows south of the Arctic Circle. The word Padmaka also translates to “red spots (on the skin of an elephant)”.
This plant (Padmaka) is also mentioned as a medicine used for the treatment of all major fevers (jvara), as described in the Jvaracikitsā (or “the treatment of fever”) which forms the first chapter of the Sanskrit work called Mādhavacikitsā. In this work, the plant is also known by the name Paṭha.
Source: Google Books: Essentials of AyurvedaPadmaka (पद्मक).—The Sanskrit name for an important Ayurvedic drug.—The wood of Padmaka is bitter, astringent, cold and eliminates disorders of kapha, pitta and blood. It is useful in skin diseases, thirst, burning sensation and raktapitta.
Source: Shodhganga: Edition translation and critical study of yogasarasamgrahaPadmaka (पद्मक) refers to the medicinal plant known as “Prunus cerasoides D. Don” and is dealt with in the 15th-century Yogasārasaṅgraha (Yogasara-saṅgraha) by Vāsudeva: an unpublished Keralite work representing an Ayurvedic compendium of medicinal recipes. The Yogasārasaṃgraha [mentioning padmaka] deals with entire recipes in the route of administration, and thus deals with the knowledge of pharmacy (bhaiṣajya-kalpanā) which is a branch of pharmacology (dravyaguṇa).
Source: Shodhganga: Kasyapa Samhita—Text on Visha ChikitsaPadmaka (पद्मक) is the name of an ingredient used in the treatment (cikitsā) of bites of spiders (lūtā), according to the Kāśyapa Saṃhitā: an ancient Sanskrit text from the Pāñcarātra tradition dealing with both Tantra and Viṣacikitsā—an important topic from Āyurveda which deals with the study of Toxicology (Viṣavidyā or Sarpavidyā).—In the beginning of the twelfth Adhyāya, Kāśyapasaṃhita posits that Lūtās or spiders are of 20 varieties. [...] One of the treatments for spiders (lūtā) is as follows: “Padmaka, Pāṭalī, Kuṣṭha, river water, sandal, Nirguṇḍī, Śāribā and Śelu are the gaṇas which cure poison of spiders”
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana IndexPadmaka (पद्मक).—A palace with three bhūmikas and sixteen sides;1 also Śrivṛkṣaka; the toraṇa is of 20 hastas.2
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Kavya (poetry)
Source: archive.org: Naisadhacarita of SriharsaPadmaka (पद्मक) or Padma refers to 1) a “lotus”, 2) “red dots on the face or trunk of an elephant”, and is mentioned in the Naiṣadha-carita 2.9.
Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita SastraPadmaka (पद्मक) is the name of an ancient king mentioned in various Avadānas and Jātakas, according to a note attached to the Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra chapter 51.
According to the Avadānaśataka: “King Padmaka gave up his body and became the red fish.—In olden times, the Bodhisattva was Padmaka, king of Benares. An autumnal epidemic, the yellow sickness (pāṇduroga), broke out in the city. The king himself began to take care of his subjects, but all remedies were in vain. The doctors advised him to capture the fish called Rohita to cure the sickness but no one succeeded in capturing it”.
According to the Khotanese Jātakastava: “As King Padmaka, you saw the people in distress, ill with hunger, without refuge, troubled. A red fish you became like a mountain of flesh. The people ate you; they became quite well”.
Other sources include the Bodhisattvāvadānakalpalatā (Padmakāvdāna) and Daridrajātaka.
Source: archive.org: Bulletin of the French School of the Far East (volume 5)Padmaka (पद्मक) is the name of a Kumbhāṇḍa appointed as one of the Divine protector deities of Mahārāṣṭra, according to chapter 17 of the Candragarbha: the 55th section of the Mahāsaṃnipāta-sūtra, a large compilation of Sūtras (texts) in Mahāyāna Buddhism partly available in Sanskrit, Tibetan and Chinese.—In the Candragarbhasūtra, the Bhagavat invites all classes of Gods and Deities to protect the Law [dharma?] and the faithful in their respective kingdoms of Jambudvīpa [e.g., the Kumbhāṇḍa Padmaka in Mahārāṣṭra], resembling the time of the past Buddhas.
Source: De Gruyter: A Buddhist Ritual Manual on AgriculturePadmaka (पद्मक) refers to Cerasus puddum (i.e., a type of fragrant wood suitable for an offering ceremony), according to the Vajratuṇḍasamayakalparāja, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.—Accordingly [as the Bhagavān taught the detailed offering-manual], “[...] Four Nāga kings should be prepared in the middle of the ditch. [...] Retinues of seven should be made for each. They should be three-, two- or five-headed and their bodies should be smeared with various fragrances. Having ground sandal, red sandal, fragrant sandal, padmaka wood and saffron, it should be scattered along with fumigation. [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: academia.edu: The Structure and Meanings of the Heruka MaṇḍalaPadmaka (पद्मक) is the name of a Vīra (hero) who, together with the Ḍākinī named Padminī forms one of the 36 pairs situated in the Jñānacakra, according to the 10th century Ḍākārṇava chapter 15. Accordingly, the jñānacakra refers to one of the three divisions of the saṃbhoga-puṭa (‘enjoyment layer’), situated in the Herukamaṇḍala. The 36 pairs of Ḍākinīs and Vīras [viz., Padmaka] are white in color; the shapes of their faces are in accordance with their names; they have four arms; they hold a skull bowl, a skull staff, a small drum, and a knife.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Wisdom Library: Local Names of Plants and DrugsPadmaka in the Marathi language is the name of a plant identified with Prunus cerasoides Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don from the Rosaceae (Rose) family having the following synonyms: Cerasus cerasoides, Prunus puddum, Cerasus puddum. For the possible medicinal usage of padmaka, you can check this page for potential sources and references, although be aware that any some or none of the side-effects may not be mentioned here, wether they be harmful or beneficial to health.
Padmaka in the Kannada language, ibid. previous identification.
Padmaka [पद्मक] in the Sanskrit language, ibid. previous identification.
Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)1) Padmaka in India is the name of a plant defined with Premna serratifolia in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Gumira corymbosa (Burm. f.) Kuntze (among others).
2) Padmaka is also identified with Saussurea costus It has the synonym Aplotaxis lappa Decaisne (etc.).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Dict. Sci. Nat. (1827)
· Repertorium Botanices Systematicae (1843)
· Der Gesellsschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, neue Schriften (1803)
· Hortus Suburbanus Calcuttensis (1845)
· Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae (1810)
· Phytomedicine (2002)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Padmaka, for example extract dosage, side effects, diet and recipes, pregnancy safety, chemical composition, health benefits, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryPadmaka, (m. & nt.) (Sk. padmaka) N. of a tree, Costus speciosus or arabicus J. V, 405, 420; VI, 497 (reading uncertain), 537. (Page 411)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryPadmaka (पद्मक).—
1) An army arrayed in the form of a lotusflower.
2) The coloured spots on the trunk and face of an elephant.
3) A particular posture in sitting.
4) A kind of wood (of Cerasus Puddum); Rām. 2.76.16; Mahābhārata (Bombay) 4.
5) Name of a particular constellation.
Derivable forms: padmakam (पद्मकम्).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryPadmaka (पद्मक).—name of a king (the Bodhisattva): Avadāna-śataka i.169.6 ff.
--- OR ---
Padmakā (पद्मका).—name of a (medicinal) plant (probably = padmā, Suśr., [Boehtlingk and Roth]): Mūla-Sarvāstivāda-Vinaya i.iii.8.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryPadmaka (पद्मक).—n.
(-kaṃ) 1. Coloured marks or spots on the face and trunk of an elephant. 2. A sort of drug, commonly called padmakāṣṭha, 3. A kind of leprosy. 4. An army arrayed in the form of a lotus-flower. E. kan added to the preceding.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryPadmaka (पद्मक).—[padma + ka], m. 1. An army arrayed in the form of a lotus flower, Mahābhārata 7, 2674. 2. A certain tree and its wood; m. and n. Costus speciosus or arabicus. 3. A proper name.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryPadmaka (पद्मक).—[masculine] [neuter] = [preceding], [masculine] [Name] of a tree & a man.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Padmaka (पद्मक):—[from padma] mn. red spots on the skin of an elephant, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
2) [v.s. ...] the wood of Cerasus Puddum, [Mahābhārata] etc.
3) [v.s. ...] m. an army arrayed in the form of a lotus-flower, [Mahābhārata]
4) [v.s. ...] a species of tree, [Rāmāyaṇa] ([Bombay edition])
5) [v.s. ...] Name of a [particular] constellation, [Hemādri’s Caturvarga-cintāmaṇi]
6) [v.s. ...] of sub voce men, [Rājataraṅgiṇī]
7) [v.s. ...] n. a [particular] posture in sitting, [Vedāntasāra]
8) [v.s. ...] Costus Speciosus or Arabicus, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryPadmaka (पद्मक):—(kaḥ) 1. m. Spots on an elephant’s face; a drug; leprosy.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Padmaka (पद्मक) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Paumaga.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusPadmaka (ಪದ್ಮಕ):—
1) [noun] = ಪದ್ಮ- [padma-] 3 & 4.
2) [noun] the plant Prunus puddum ( = P. cerasoides) of Rosaceae family.
3) [noun] its cherry; wild Himalayan cherry.
4) [noun] a kind of tree.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+2): Padmakaashta, Padmakaashtamu, Padmakabala, Padmakalika, Padmakalpa, Padmakalyanakhanda, Padmakandada, Padmakanta, Padmakara, Padmakara bhatta, Padmakarabhatta, Padmakaradeva, Padmakaramati, Padmakarkati, Padmakarna, Padmakarnika, Padmakarnike, Padmakashta, Padmakashtam, Padmakashtamu.
Ends with: Alapadmaka, Khuddakapadmaka, Lomapadmaka, Paripadmaka, Sapadmaka, Shonapadmaka.
Full-text (+43): Pattranga, Padmakashtha, Padmakin, Padma, Padmakashta, Padmavriksha, Guducyadi, Shrivrikshaka, Shonapadmaka, Paumaga, Padmakabala, Sapadmaka, Kakolyadi, Padmagandhi, Lomapadmaka, Patranga, Patumukam, Sarivadi, Rakta, Nagara.
Relevant text
Search found 27 books and stories containing Padmaka, Padmakā; (plurals include: Padmakas, Padmakās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Bhesajjakkhandhaka (Chapter on Medicine) (by Hin-tak Sik)
Medicines (b): Stems (Gaṇḍa) < [Chapter 4 - Medicinal Substances in the Chapter on Medicine]
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)
Jātaka of the red fish < [Part 2 - Hearing the twelve-membered speech of the Buddha]
Dasarupaka (critical study) (by Anuru Ranjan Mishra)
Part 7 - Application of the Junctures (sandhi) in a Samavakāra < [Chapter 6 - Samavakāra (critical study)]
Part 10 - Characters in the Samudramanthana < [Chapter 6 - Samavakāra (critical study)]
Part 9 - Sentiments (rasa) used in a Samavakāra < [Chapter 6 - Samavakāra (critical study)]
Jivanandana of Anandaraya Makhin (Study) (by G. D. Jayalakshmi)
Diseases and treatments related to skin < [Chapter 4 - Āyurvedic principles in Jīvanandana Nāṭaka]
Vastu-shastra (5): Temple Architecture (by D. N. Shukla)
Chapter 6 - Group B: Later Lāṭa Style
Chapter 6 - Group C: Nāgara Prāsādas
The Garuda Purana (by Manmatha Nath Dutt)
Chapter CXCVII - Preparations of medicinal oils and Ghritas < [Dhanvantari Samhita]
Chapter CCXVII - Various Recipes for the cure of sterility, virile impotency, etc. < [Dhanvantari Samhita]
Chapter CCVI - Various other medicinal Recipes (continued) < [Dhanvantari Samhita]
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