Paravata, Pāravata, Pārāvata: 25 definitions
Introduction:
Paravata means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Dietetics and Culinary Art (such as household cooking)
Source: Shodhganga: Dietetics and culinary art in ancient and medieval IndiaPārāvata (पारावत) refers to the “domestic pigeon” and is mentioned in a list of potential causes for indigestion in the 17th century Bhojanakutūhala (dravyaguṇāguṇa-kathana), and is commonly found in literature dealing with the topics of dietetics and culinary art, also known as Pākaśāstra or Pākakalā.—A complete section in Bhojanakutūhala is devoted for the description of agents that cause indigestion [viz., pārāvata (domestic pigeon)]. These agents consumed on a large scale can cause indigestion for certain people. The remedies [viz., kāṃsamūlapiṣṭa] for these types of indigestions are also explained therewith.
Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)
Source: Shodhganga: Portrayal of Animal Kingdom (Tiryaks) in Epics An Analytical study1) Pārāvata (पारावत) (lit. “one who comes from a distance”) is a synonym (another name) for the Pigeon (Kapota), according to scientific texts such as the Mṛgapakṣiśāstra (Mriga-pakshi-shastra) or “the ancient Indian science of animals and birds” by Hamsadeva, containing the varieties and descriptions of the animals and birds seen in the Sanskrit Epics such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
2) Pārāvata (पारावत) also refers to the Spotted dove (Streptopelia chinensis).
Agriculture (Krishi) and Vrikshayurveda (study of Plant life)
Source: Shodhganga: Drumavichitrikarnam—Plant mutagenesis in ancient IndiaPārāvata (पारावत) refers to a “pigeon”, the flesh of which is used in a recipe for manipulating the colour of flowers or fruits (on the tree) [varṇa-pravartana], according to the Vṛkṣāyurveda by Sūrapāla (1000 CE): an encyclopedic work dealing with the study of trees and the principles of ancient Indian agriculture.—Accordingly, “The white flowers of a tree turn into a golden colour if it is smeared at the roots with the mixture of Rubia cordifolia, red lead, milk, a kind of fragrant earth and flesh of pigeon (pārāvata-āmiṣa)”.
Unclassified Ayurveda definitions
Source: Wisdom Library: Āyurveda and botanyPārāvata (पारावत) is a Sanskrit word referring to the “pigeon”. The meat of this animal is part of the māṃsavarga (‘group of flesh’), which is used throughout Ayurvedic literature. The animal Pārāvata is part of the sub-group named Pratuda, refering to animals “who eat while striking”. It was classified by Caraka in his Carakasaṃhitā sūtrasthāna (chapter 27), a classical Ayurvedic work. Caraka defined such groups (vargas) based on the dietic properties of the substance.
Source: archive.org: Sushruta samhita, Volume IPārāvata (पारावत)—Sanskrit word for a bird corresponding to “pigeon” or h. parewā. This animal is from the group called Pratuda (which peck). Pratuda itself is a sub-group of the group of animals known as Jāṅghala (living in high ground and in a jungle).
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaPārāvata (पारावत).—A serpent born in the family of Airāvata. This serpent was burnt to death at the Sarpasatra of Janamejaya. (Śloka 11, Chapter 57, Ādi Parva).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1a) Pārāvata (पारावत).—Also Parāvatās: a deva gaṇa of Manu Svārociṣa; 12 in number, Praceta, Viśvadeva, Samanja, Ajihma, Arimardana, Āyurdāna, Mahāmanā, Divyamāna, Ajeya, Yavīyam, Hotā and Yajva; these are all Vāsiṣṭhas and drinkers of the soma juice.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 36. 8, 14.
1b) Pigeons born of Gṛdhrī.*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 6. 32.
Pārāvata (पारावत) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. I.52.10, I.57) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Pārāvata) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)
Source: Shodhganga: Iconographical representations of Śiva (pancaratra)Pārāvata (पारावत) or Pārāvatasaṃhitā is the name of a Vaiṣṇava Āgama scripture, classified as a tāmasa type of the Muniprokta group of Pāñcarātra Āgamas. The vaiṣṇavāgamas represent one of the three classes of āgamas (traditionally communicated wisdom).—Texts of the Pāñcara Āgamas are divided in to two sects. It is believed that Lord Vāsudeva revealed the first group of texts which are called Divya and the next group is called Muniprokta which are further divided in to three viz. a. Sāttvika. b. Rājasa. c. Tāmasa (e.g., Pārāvata-saṃhitā).
Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Source: Prācyā: Animals and animal products as reflected in Smṛti textsPārāvata (पारावत) refers to the bird “Columba livia” (Blue rock pigeon).—Birds have been described in several ancient Sanskrit texts that they have been treated elaborately by eminent scholars. These birds [viz., Pārāvata] are enumerated in almost several Smṛtis in context of specifying the expiations for killing them and their flesh being used as a dietary article to give satisfaction to the manes (Pitṛs) in Śrāddha rites. These are elaborated especially in the Manusmṛti, Parāśarasmṛti [chapter VI], Gautamasmṛti [chapter 23], Śātātapasmṛti [II.54-56], Uśānasmṛti [IX.10-IX.12], Yājñavalkyasmṛti [I.172-I.175], Viṣṇusmṛti [51.28-51.29], Uttarāṅgirasasmṛti [X.16].
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: academia.edu: The Structure and Meanings of the Heruka MaṇḍalaPārāvata (पारावत) is the name of a Vīra (hero) who, together with the Ḍākinī named Pārāvatī forms one of the 36 pairs situated in the Vāyucakra, according to the 10th century Ḍākārṇava chapter 15. Accordingly, the vāyucakra refers to one of the three divisions of the dharma-puṭa (‘dharma layer’), situated in the Herukamaṇḍala. The 36 pairs of Ḍākinīs and Vīras [viz., Pārāvata] are dark blue in color; they each have one face and four arms; they hold a skull bowl, a skull staff, a small drum, and a knife.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)1) Paravata in India is the name of a plant defined with Garcinia cowa in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Oxycarpus gangetica Buch.-Ham. (among others).
2) Paravata is also identified with Grewia asiatica.
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de Genève (1851)
· Illustrationes Plantarum Orientalium (1840)
· Hortus Bengalensis, or ‘a Catalogue of the Plants Growing in the Hounourable East India Company's Botanical Garden at Calcutta’ (1814)
· Flora Indica (1824)
· FBI (1874)
· Prodr. (DC.) (1824)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Paravata, for example side effects, pregnancy safety, diet and recipes, extract dosage, health benefits, chemical composition, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionarypāravata : (m.) a pigeon.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryparavata (परवत).—m (parivarttana S) Dealings with; commercial connection with: also commercial transactions or business. The word is confined to notes and writings and almost to the Shudra classes; and, being supposed to be the word parvata (mountain) in an accommodated application (mountain, mass, or load of trade-affairs &c.), is ordinarily written parvata. It is sometimes used adverbially, and interpreted as For the sake of; on account of. ātmakāryāparavata (or parvata) One's own trade or traffic aggregately. paravatasambandhīṃ In the way of dealing or business.
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paravatā (परवता).—m (Or paravacā q. v.) The evening-recitation of scholars &c. v vāca.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishparavata (परवत).—m Commercial connection with.
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paravatā (परवता).—m See paravacā.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryPāravata (पारवत).—A pigeon.
Derivable forms: pāravataḥ (पारवतः).
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Pārāvata (पारावत).—
1) pigeon, turtle-dove, dove; पारावतः खरशिलाकणमात्रभोजी कामी भवत्यनुदिनं वद कोऽत्र हेतुः (pārāvataḥ kharaśilākaṇamātrabhojī kāmī bhavatyanudinaṃ vada ko'tra hetuḥ) Bhartṛhari 3.154; Meghadūta 4.
2) A monkey.
3) A mountain.
Derivable forms: pārāvataḥ (पारावतः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryPāravata (पारवत).—m.
(-taḥ) A pigeon. See pārāvata.
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Pārāvata (पारावत).—m.
(-taḥ) 1. A dove, a pigeon. 2. A monkey. 3. A sort of ebony, (Diospyros glutinosa.) 4. A mountain. f. (-tī) 1. The name of a river in the peninsula. 2. The fruit of the Annona reticulata. 3. A form of song, peculiar to the cowherds. E. para another, (life, &c.) av to go, to preserve, śatṛ participial aff., and aṇ added.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryPārāvata (पारावत).—m. 1. See pārāpata. 2. A kind of snake. 3. A tree, Diospyros embryopteris Pers. (n. its fruit). 4. pl. A class of deities.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryPārāvata (पारावत).—[adjective] remote, coming from afar; [masculine] turtle dove, [plural] [Name] of a people.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Parāvata (परावत):—m. Grewia Asiatica, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
2) Pāravata (पारवत):—m. = pārāvata, a pigeon, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
3) Pārāvata (पारावत):—mf(ī)n. ([from] parā-vat) remote, distant, coming from a distance, foreign, [Ṛg-veda] ([instrumental case] [plural] ‘from distant quarters’ [Atharva-veda])
4) m. Name of a tribe on the Yamunā, [Ṛg-veda; Tāṇḍya-brāhmaṇa]
5) m. (ifc. f(ā). ) a turtle-dove, pigeon, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.
6) m. a kind of snake, [Suśruta]
7) Name of a Nāga of the race of Airāvata, [Mahābhārata]
8) a monkey, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
9) Diospyros Embryopteris, [Mahābhārata; Harivaṃśa; Suśruta]
10) a mountain, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
11) [plural] Name of a class of deities under Manu Svārociṣa, [Purāṇa]
12) n. the fruit of Diospyros Embryopteris, [Harivaṃśa; Suśruta]
13) m. (also) Name of a flute player (teacher of Bāṇa), [Harṣacarita]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Pāravata (पारवत):—(taḥ) 1. m. A pigeon.
2) Pārāvata (पारावत):—(taḥ) 1. m. A dove, pigeon; monkey; ebony. f. Name of a river, of a fruit, and of a song.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryPārāvata (पारावत) [Also spelled paravat]:—(nm) a pigeon.
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Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusPārāvata (ಪಾರಾವತ):—[noun] = ಪಾರಿವಾಳ [parivala]1.
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Pārāvata (ಪಾರಾವತ):—[noun] = ಪಾರಿವಾಳ [parivala]2.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Paravatadesha, Paravatadi, Paravataghni, Paravataksha, Paravatam, Paravatamahavihara, Paravatamalay, Paravatamalaya, Paravatamisha, Paravatamukha, Paravatanghi, Paravatanghri, Paravatanghripiccha, Paravatanghripichchha, Paravatapadi, Paravatasamhita, Paravatasavarna, Paravatasavarnashva, Paravatashakritadi, Paravatashva.
Ends with: Arddhaparavata, Ardhaparavata, Gehaparavata, Jalaparavata, Konaparavata, Vaparavata.
Full-text (+36): Parapata, Paravatam, Ardhaparavata, Paravataghni, Paravataksha, Paravatanghripiccha, Jalaparavata, Parvata, Paravatasavarnashva, Paravatamalaya, Paravatapadi, Paravatadesha, Paravatasavarna, Paravati, Yaviyan, Gehaparavata, Paravadaghni, Hotri, Yajvan, Pratuda.
Relevant text
Search found 31 books and stories containing Paravata, Pāravata, Pārāvata, Paravatā, Parāvata; (plurals include: Paravatas, Pāravatas, Pārāvatas, Paravatās, Parāvatas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 1.16.16 < [Chapter 16 - Description of Śrī Rādhikā’s Wedding]
Verse 6.4.27 < [Chapter 4 - Journey to the City of Kuṇḍina]
Verses 2.19.11-12 < [Chapter 19 - The Rāsa-dance Pastime]
Charaka Samhita (English translation) (by Shree Gulabkunverba Ayurvedic Society)
Chapter 27e - The group of Fruits (Phala) < [Sutrasthana (Sutra Sthana) — General Principles]
Chapter 26 - Discussion among Sages regarding Tastes (Rasa) < [Sutrasthana (Sutra Sthana) — General Principles]
The Markandeya Purana (by Frederick Eden Pargiter)
List of Mahabharata people and places (by Laxman Burdak)