Nyuna, Nyūna: 20 definitions
Introduction:
Nyuna means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Neyun.
In Hinduism
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Nyūna (न्यून).—Incomplete in sense or wording as opposed to Pūrṇa; cf. अयवावे न्यूने (ayavāve nyūne) (पादे न संनिकृष्येते (pāde na saṃnikṛṣyete)) R. T. 76.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Nyūna (न्यून) refers to a “tolerable” [?] (condition of the world), according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 9), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “If Venus (śukra) should either disappear or reappear in a northern Vīthi there will be prosperity and happiness in the land; if in a central Vīthi there will not be much of either; and if in a southern Vīthi mankind will be afflicted with miseries. If Venus should disappear or reappear in the several Vīthis beginning from the northernmost one, the condition of the world will respectively be—1. Very excellent, 2. Excellent, 3. Good. 4. Fair, 5. Moderate, 6. Tolerable [i.e., nyūna], 7. Poor, 8. Very poor, 9. Miserable”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Shaiva philosophy
Nyūna (न्यून) refers to “(being) diminished”, according to Somānanda’s Śivadṛṣṭi verse 3.42cd–47.—Accordingly, “Given that he [i.e., Śiva] exists of his own volition in the form of (all) the entities (that make up the universe), how is existence dependent on another than himself? If, for example, you say it [i.e., the purported dependence] is one similar to (the example of curds, whose genesis depends on the) milk (of which they are comprised), it [i.e., the universe] would be insentient, dependent on another. The fault (attributed to our system) that must be corrected—being pure, being diminished (nyūna), or the like—is precisely the result of this (wrong) point of view. [...]”.
Shaiva philosophy is a spritiual tradition within Hinduism that includes theories such as the relationship between the Atman (individual soul) and Siva, the nature of liberation (moksha), and the concepts of maya (illusion) and shakti (divine energy). Saiva philosophy teaches that union with Shiva can be achieved through knowledge, devotion, and spiritual practice. It encompasses major branches like Shaiva Siddhanta and Kashmir Shaivism.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Nyūna (न्यून) refers to “deficient”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.28 (“Description of the fraudulent words of the Brahmacārin”).—Accordingly, as Pārvatī said to Śiva (in guise of a Brahmacārin): “[...] Whenever the lord of the gods wants to see Śiva he has to propitiate His gate-keepers, the ghosts etc., otherwise his crown becomes shattered by batons. Really Śiva is a great lord. He has no need for many attendants. What is it that cannot befall one who serves the auspicious-featured Śiva. What is deficient (nyūna) in that lord? Does Sadāśiva like me?”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
In Buddhism
Buddhist philosophy
Nyūna (न्यून) refers to “saying too little” and represents one of the various “points of defeat” (nigrahasthāna), according to Upāyakauśalyahṛdaya, an ancient work on the art of debate composed by Bodhisattva Nāgārjuna.
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Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
nyūna (न्यून).—a (S) Less. 2 Less, short, deficient, defective. 3 Lower (in price, value, rank).
nyūna (न्यून).—a Less. Short, deficient. Lower (in price, value, rank).
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Nyūna (न्यून).—a.
1) Lessened, diminished, shortened.
3) Defective, inferior, deficient, wanting, destitute of; as in अर्थन्यून (arthanyūna); अथ कस्मादेतानि वैकृतानि वाक्यानि न्यूनान्येव नानुमन्यन्ते । किमेभिः पूरितैः । न्यूनानि अनेकार्थानि भवन्ति (atha kasmādetāni vaikṛtāni vākyāni nyūnānyeva nānumanyante | kimebhiḥ pūritaiḥ | nyūnāni anekārthāni bhavanti) ŚB. on MS.7.4.12.
3) Less (opp. adhika); न्यूनाधिकविभक्तानां धर्म्यः पितृकृतः स्मृतः (nyūnādhikavibhaktānāṃ dharmyaḥ pitṛkṛtaḥ smṛtaḥ) Y.2.116.
4) Defective (in some organ); पाद° (pāda°).
5) Low, wicked, vile, despicable.
-nam Want or omission of one of the five members in a Nyāya argument.
-nam ind. Less, in a less degree.
Nyūna (न्यून).—mfn.
(-naḥ-nā-naṃ) 1. Blamable, vile, wicked, despicable. 2. Less, deficient, defective. E. ni before, ūna less, affix ac .
Nyūna (न्यून).—i. e. ni-ūna, adj., f. nā. 1. Defective, [Bhāgavata-Purāṇa, (ed. Burnouf.)] 1, 16, 21. 2. Wanting, Mahābhārata 3, 4057; artha-, Poor. 3. Smaller, [Yājñavalkya, (ed. Stenzler.)] 2, 116; less, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 8, 203. 4. Low, Mahābhārata 13, 6616. 5. Inferior, Mahābhārata 1, 5592.
Nyūna (न्यून).—[adjective] wanting, incomplete, defective, inferior, smaller, less by ([instrumental] or —°), less than ([ablative]); low, vile.
1) Nyūna (न्यून):—[=ny-ūna] mf(ā)n. ([from] ni with ūna) less, diminished, defective, deficient (opp. to ati-rikta, adhika, pūrṇa), destitute or deprived of ([instrumental case] or [compound]), inferior to ([ablative]), [Brāhmaṇa; Gṛhya-sūtra and śrauta-sūtra; Mahābhārata; Suśruta] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] (with pādaiḥ) having a defect in the feet, [Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
3) [v.s. ...] low, vile, base, mean, [Mahābhārata; Varāha-mihira; Purāṇa]
4) [=ny-ūna] n. euphem. = vulva, [Taittirīya-saṃhitā; Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa]
5) [v.s. ...] want or omission of one of the 5 members in a Nyāya argument, [Nyāyasūtra]
Nyūna (न्यून):—[(naḥ-nā-naṃ) a.] Blameable; vile; deficient, less.
Nyūna (न्यून):—(1. ni + ūna)
1) adj. f. ā verkürzt, verkleinert, mangelhaft, defect (Gegens. atirikta, adhika, pūrṇa); = ūna [Amarakoṣa 3, 4, 18, 130.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha 2, 273.] [Medinīkoṣa Nalopākhyāna 13.] tribhirakṣarairnyūnam [Aitareyabrāhmaṇa 3, 46.] navanyūna [6, 9.] [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 2, 5, 1, 20.] [Taittirīyabrāhmaṇa 2, 2, 1, 2.] nyūnākṣara [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 10, 3, 2, 13.] yatra nyūnamāsīttadetaiḥ samapūrayan [2, 3, 16.] adhike, same, nyūne [ĀŚV. GṚHY. 2, 8.] nyūnādhikāṅga [Suśruta 1, 105, 7.] [LĀṬY. 1, 1, 7.] [ĀŚV. GṚHY. 1, 23.] eine Finsterniss [Sūryasiddhānta 4, 11.] pādairnyūnaṃ śocasi maikapādam an den Füssen defect [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 1, 16, 21. 17, 7.] arthanyūna der kein Vermögen hat [Mahābhārata 3, 4057] (st. dessen arthahīna [13, 5207]). samaviṣamanyūnamadhikam (auf der Erde) [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 5, 9, 12.] me nyūnam was mir mangelt [1, 5, 7.] rājadhānī wohl so v. a. ausgestorben [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 88, 20.] āsāra zu wenig [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 8, 203.] nyūnābhyadhikavibhaktānām so dass der Eine zu wenig, der Andere zu viel erhält [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 2, 116.] gering, niedrig; = garhya [Amarakoṣa] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] = adhama [Amarakoṣa 3, 4, 23, 146.] nyūnajātikulodbhava [Mahābhārata 13, 6610.] (vedhasā) dattvā kāryapadaṃ, nyūnaṃ nyastaḥ kalinṛpāvalau [Rājataraṅgiṇī 4, 117.] weniger: tato nyūnam [Siddhāntakaumudī] zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher.5,4,57.] [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S.24,27.] ṣaṣṭiṃ śatasahasrāṇi na nyūnābhyadhikāni tu (so v. a. nyūnānyabhya, so dass die Verbesserung nyūnānyadhi nahe liegt) nicht weniger, wohl aber mehr (viell. auch nicht weniger und nicht mehr) [Harivaṃśa 7960.] nyūnāḥ pareṣāṃ (akṣauhiṇyaḥ) saptaiva (nämlich nur sieben) [Mahābhārata 5, 2209.] geringer, niedriger: samaṃ nyūnaṃ tathaujasā (bhedayet) [1, 5592.] noddhavo ṇvapi mannyūnaḥ [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 3, 4, 31.] sthānena vayasā ca [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 4, 1, 165,] [Scholiast] varṇa [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 83 (80,c),10. 78,20.] madhya geringer als mittelmässig [9, 9.] nyūnataram adv. noch geringer, kleiner [52, 11.] goghno nyūnataraṃ yāti sinkt tiefer hinab [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 14, 94.] = avara das Minimum [Kāśikīvṛtti] und [SIDDH.] zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 5, 4, 57.] —
2) subst. euphem. so v. a. vulva: nyūne vai retaḥ siñcati [Aitareyabrāhmaṇa 6, 9.] nyūnādvai prajāḥ prajāyante ebend. [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 2, 1, 1, 13. 5, 1, 20.] [Taittirīyasaṃhitā 5, 1, 9, 2.] — Vgl. a, anyūnādhika .
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Nyūna (न्यून):—
1) n. (sc. nigrahasthāna) das Fehlen —, das Auslassen eines der fünf Glieder in einer förmlichen Disputation [NYĀYAS. 5, 2, 1. 12.]
Nyūna (न्यून):——
1) Adj. (f. ā) woran oder wem Etwas fehlt , unter dem Maasse bleibend , unzureichend , mangelhaft , zu klein , zu wenig , kleiner , weniger , geringer , niedriger , gering , niedrig. Das Mangelnde steht im Instr. oder geht im Comp. voran , das Verglichene steht im Abl. [Sāyaṇa. ] zu [Ṛgveda (roth). 2,33,4.] nyūnataram Adv. noch geringer , — kleiner , — niedriger. —
2) Subst. das Vertiefte , Loch ; euphem. so v.a. vulva. —
3) n. das Fehlen — , das Auslassen eines der fünf Glieder in einer förmlichen Disputation.
Nyūna (न्यून) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Ṇūṇa.
Nyūna (in Sanskrit) can be associated with the following Chinese terms:
1) 闕 [què]: “be short”.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Nyūna (न्यून) [Also spelled neyun]:—(a) less; lacking, deficient; low, inferior; small; —[koṇa] acute angle; ~[tama] minimum, minimal; ~[tara] lesser, less than, smaller; hence ~[tā] (nf); —[mūlyāṃkana] under-valuation.
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Kannada-English dictionary
Nyūna (ನ್ಯೂನ):—
1) [adjective] deficient; incomplete.
2) [adjective] defective; faulty.
3) [adjective] inferior; of low or poor quality.
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Nyūna (ನ್ಯೂನ):—[noun] = ನ್ಯೂನತೆ [nyunate].
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Nyūna (न्यून):—adj. 1. little; less; insufficient; 2. wicked; vile;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+8): Nyuna-raktacapa, Nyunabhava, Nyunabhivriddha, Nyunabhivriddhi, Nyunabhyadhika, Nyunadhi, Nyunadhika, Nyunadhikanga, Nyunadhikavibhaga, Nyunadhikavibhakta, Nyunadhikya, Nyunagamda, Nyunaha, Nyunakona, Nyunakshara, Nyunam, Nyunanga, Nyunapada, Nyunapadata, Nyunapadatva.
Full-text (+48): Anyuna, Nyunata, Nyunadhika, Nyunapancashadbhava, Nyunanga, Nyunam, Nyunadhi, Nyunabhava, Nyunapadata, Nyunatva, Nyunatara, Arthanyuna, Nyunataram, Nyunapadatva, Anyunadhika, Nyuni, Nyunendriya, Nyunibhava, Nyunaposhane, Nyuna-raktacapa.
Relevant text
Search found 37 books and stories containing Nyuna, Ny-una, Ny-ūna, Nyūna; (plurals include: Nyunas, unas, ūnas, Nyūnas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Philosophy of Charaka-samhita (by Asokan. G)
Dialectical terms (20): Defective statement (vākyadoṣa) < [Chapter 7 - Logic and Dialectical Speculations]
Ten technical debate terms [in Charaka philosophy] < [Chapter 7 - Logic and Dialectical Speculations]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 7.129 < [Chapter 7 - Literary Faults]
Text 7.60 < [Chapter 7 - Literary Faults]
Text 10.267 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 3.6.22 < [Chapter 6 - The Test of Śrī Kṛṣṇa]
Verse 5.17.4 < [Chapter 17 - The Gopis Describe Their Remembrance of Sri Krsna]
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 8.203 < [Section XXXIII - Fraudulent Sale]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Satapatha-brahmana (by Julius Eggeling)
Kanda II, adhyaya 1, brahmana 1 < [Second Kanda]
Kanda XI, adhyaya 4, brahmana 4 < [Eleventh Kanda]
Kanda XI, adhyaya 1, brahmana 2 < [Eleventh Kanda]