Nyagrodha: 29 definitions
Introduction:
Nyagrodha means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
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In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Nyagrodha (न्यग्रोध).—A son of Ugrasena. When Kṛṣṇa killed Kaṃsa Nyagrodha fought with Kṛṣṇa and others and was killed by the blow of Balabhadra’s shield. (Bhāgavata).
1a) Nyagrodha (न्यग्रोध).—A son of Ugrasena;1 and brother of Kaṃsa killed by Balarāma.2
- 1) Bhāgavata-purāṇa IX. 24. 24; Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 71. 133; Matsya-purāṇa 44. 74; Vāyu-purāṇa 96. 132; Viṣṇu-purāṇa IV. 14. 20.
- 2) Bhāgavata-purāṇa X. 44. 40-41.
1b) A son of Kṛṣṇa.*
- * Bhāgavata-purāṇa X. 90. 34.
1c) The banyan tree of Ramaṇaka; of the shape of a lotus after which Puṣkaradvīpa is named;1 during the deluge, Lord Nārāyaṇa in the form of a baby slept on a leaf of the tree.2
- 1) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 15. 63-4; 19. 140; III. 11. 36, 109; IV. 43. 17; Matsya-purāṇa 123. 39; Viṣṇu-purāṇa I. 12. 65; II. 4. 85; IV. 3. 23.
- 2) Matsya-purāṇa 167. 31.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Cikitsa (natural therapy and treatment for medical conditions)
Nyagrodha (न्यग्रोध) refers to the medicinal plant Ficus bengalensis L., and is used in the treatment of atisāra (diarrhoea), according to the Ayurvedic Formulary of India (as well as the Pharmacopoeia).—Atisāra refers to a condition where there are three or more loose or liquid stools (bowel movements) per day or more stool than normal. The second chapter of the Mādhavacikitsā explains several preparations [including Nyagrodha] through 60 Sanskrit verses about treating this problem.
The plant plant Ficus bengalensis L. (Nyagrodha) is known as Vaṭa according to the 7th century Mādhavacikitsā chapter 2.
Kalpa (Formulas, Drug prescriptions and other Medicinal preparations)
Nyagrodha (न्यग्रोध) refers to the medicinal plant known as “Ficus benghalensis Linn.” and is dealt with in the 15th-century Yogasārasaṅgraha (Yogasara-saṅgraha) by Vāsudeva: an unpublished Keralite work representing an Ayurvedic compendium of medicinal recipes. The Yogasārasaṃgraha [mentioning nyagrodha] deals with entire recipes in the route of administration, and thus deals with the knowledge of pharmacy (bhaiṣajya-kalpanā) which is a branch of pharmacology (dravyaguṇa).
Toxicology (Study and Treatment of poison)
Nyagrodha (न्यग्रोध) is the name of an ingredient used in the treatment of Maṇḍalī-snake-bites, according to the Kāśyapa Saṃhitā: an ancient Sanskrit text from the Pāñcarātra tradition dealing with both Tantra and Viṣacikitsā, which represents the Ayurvedic study on Toxicology (Viṣavidyā or Sarpavidyā).—A number of different permutation and combination of herbs are prescribed as Lepa and Pāna for removing the poison of Maṇḍalī snakes.—According to the Kāśyapasaṃhitā verse 9.79cd: “A decoction of Kāśmarya, Jīvaka and Jīvakarṣabha, Nyagrodha, white Śuṅga, Mañjiṣṭhā and Madhuka given as drink can quell the poison”.
Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)
Nyagrodha (न्यग्रोध) refers to “banyan (leaves or fruits)”, and is given to domesticated elephants (as part of routine care-taking), according to the 15th century Mātaṅgalīlā composed by Nīlakaṇṭha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.—[Cf. chapter 11, “On the keeping of elephants and their daily and seasonal regimen”]: “9. (One shall feed them) stalks and bulbs of lotuses and (other) water lilies, plantains (bananas), edible lotus roots, Trapa bispinosa, dūrvā grass, udumbara (kind of fig), Boswellia thurifera, sugar cane, spikenard, banyan (leaves or fruits) [=nyagrodha], bamboos, etc. And the sprouts (or buds) and fruits of (two kinds of) figs (Ficus infectoria and Ficus religiosa), and wood-apples are always to be given to elephants, King of Aṅga, to ease their distress; also other sweet delicacies which they love”.
Unclassified Ayurveda definitions
Nyagrodha (bark) is used in the washing the teeth (dantadhavana) which plays an important role in Dinacharya (daily regimen): A set of Ayurvedic principles which aims to improve physical, mental and spiritual well-being of an individual.—Dantadhavana should be done twice a day. The instrument used for dantadhawan is the bark of arka, nyagrodha, khadir, karanja, arjuna etc which is kashaya, katu, tikta-rasatmaka. But nowadays due to modern culture instead of bark people use toothpaste which is made up of various chemicals which is harmful. As small children while doing brush they eat the paste which results into various diseases.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Nyagrodha (न्यग्रोध) is identified with Ficus indica and represents one of the four types of Kṣīravṛkṣa (“milk-tree”), according to the Netratantra of Kṣemarāja: a Śaiva text from the 9th century in which Śiva (Bhairava) teaches Pārvatī topics such as metaphysics, cosmology, and soteriology.—[Cf. verse 6.9-15ab]—The mṛtyuvañcana rite begins with a preparatory fire oblation. It consists of standard ritual offerings such as honey, milk, and ghee. The fire is fueled by the wood of milk trees (kṣīravṛkṣa). Milk trees come in four types, Uḍumbara (Ficus glomerata), Aśvattha (Ficus religiosa), Nyagrodha (Ficus indica), and Madhūka (Bassia latifolia or Jonesia asoka). All have white sap. They are used in rites of pacification and prosperity.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Nyagrodha (न्यग्रोध) is the name of the tree (vṛkṣa) associated with Aṭṭaṭṭahāsa: the north-eastern cremation ground (śmaśāna) according to the Śmaśānavidha verse 12 and the Adbhutaśmaśānālaṃkāra. The tree associated with the north-east is sometimes given as Trivaṭa or Vaṭa. As a part of this sādhana, the practicioner is to visualize a suitable dwelling place for the goddess inside the circle of protection which takes the form of eight cremation grounds.
These trees (e.g., Nyagrodha) that are associated with the cremation grounds are often equated with the eight bodhi-trees of the Buddhas (the current buddha plus the seven previous one). According to the Śmaśānavidhi each tree has a secondary tree (upavṛkṣa) that is depicted as lovely and covered in vaṅga flowers and fruit. In each tree lives a naked rākṣasa who is wrathful in form, who eats human flesh and who has the animal face or the mount of the dikpati in his cremation ground.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Nyagrodha (न्यग्रोध) is the father of the Bodhisattva Mahātyāgavat, mentioned in a footnote at the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter XX). Accordingly, “Mahātyāgavat, the son of the Brahmin Nyagrodha, is a kind of hero of generosity. As his fortune and that of his father were insufficient, he undertakes a sea journey. On the way, he meets first the Brahmin Kia p’i who promises him his daughter in marriage. Having come to the sea-shore, he joins some travelling companions, and on the seventh day, the last anchor holding the ship was cut. They came to the land of jewels; his companions, having made their fortunes, leave Mahātyāgavat who alone sets out to look for the cintāmaṇi pearl in the palace of the Nāgas”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Nyagrodha (न्यग्रोध) is the name of the caitya-tree under which the parents of Ṛṣabhanātha are often depicted in Jaina iconography, according to both the Śvetāmbara and Digambara tradition. The term caitya refers to “sacred shrine”, an important place of pelgrimage and meditation in Jainism. Sculptures with such caitya-trees generally shows a male and a female couple seated under a tree with the female having a child on her lap. Usually there is a seated Jina figure on top of the tree.
Ṛṣabhanātha is the first of twenty-four tīrthaṅkaras: enlightened beings who, having conquered saṃsāra (cycle of birth and death), leave a path behind for others to follow. His father is Nābhi and his mother is Marudevī, according to the Ācāradinakara (14th century work on Jain conduct written by Vardhamāna Sūri).
Nyagrodha (न्यग्रोध) or vaṭa refers to a “Ficus bengalensis”: one of the five udumbara fruits considered forbidden to eat for Jain laymen, as listed under the khādima category of forbidden food (āhāra), according to Amitagati in his 11th century Śrāvakācāra (v6.96-97). The udumbaras, perhaps because they live long and have nutritive fruits, perhaps because of their milky latex, have been identified with the source of all fertility, and possibly owing to the ceaseless rustling of their leaves have been regarded as homes of the spirits of the dead.
Nyagrodha (न्यग्रोध) refers to the tree connected with Ṛṣabhanātha: the first of twenty-four Tīrthaṃkaras or Jinas, commonly depicted in Jaina iconography.—The tree connected with the first Jina is Nyagrodha or the Indian Banyan tree. Other iconographic marks of the Jina are his Yakṣa named Gomukha (lit., Bull-Faced) and Yakṣiṇī Cakreśvarī (Goddess of wheels) or Apaticakrā. The texts give two worshippers on either side of Ṛṣabhadeva viz., Bharata and Bāhubali.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Nyagrodha or Vata is the name of a tree mentioned in the Kathasaritsagara by Somadeva (10th century A.D).—Nyagrodha refers to the “Banyan-tree” and another name for it is Vata.
Somadeva mentions many rich forests, gardens, various trees (e.g., Nyagrodha), creepers medicinal and flowering plants and fruit-bearing trees in the Kathasaritsagara. Travel through the thick, high, impregnable and extensive Vindhya forest is a typical feature of many travel-stories. Somadeva’s writing more or less reflects the life of the people of Northern India during the 11th century. His Kathasaritsagara (‘ocean of streams of story’), mentioning Nyagrodha, is a famous Sanskrit epic story revolving around prince Naravahanadatta and his quest to become the emperor of the vidyadharas (celestial beings).
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Biology (plants and animals)
Nyagrodha in India is the name of a plant defined with Ficus benghalensis in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Ficus cotoneifolia Vahl (among others).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Enumeratio plantarum (1805)
· Plant Systematics and Evolution (1987)
· Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi (1867)
· Bot. Mat. Med. (1812)
· Species Plantarum
If you are looking for specific details regarding Nyagrodha, for example health benefits, side effects, diet and recipes, pregnancy safety, extract dosage, chemical composition, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
nyagrōdha (न्यग्रोध).—m S (Poetry.) A tree, Ficus Indica. Commonly vaḍa. Ex. tuja mī varitēṃ tvarita || paila nyagrōdhatarū disata || tyānta mājhēṃ kuladaivata || &c.
nyagrōdha (न्यग्रोध).—m A tree, Ficus Indica.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Nyagrodha (न्यग्रोध).—
1) The (Indian) fig tree; जटाः कृत्वा गमिष्यामि न्यग्रोधक्षीरमानय (jaṭāḥ kṛtvā gamiṣyāmi nyagrodhakṣīramānaya) Rām.2.52.68.
2) A fathom (measured by the arms extended).
3) The Śamī tree.
4) An epithet of Viṣṇu. -धी (dhī) (-dhikā) Name of a plant (Mar. uṃdīrakānī).
Derivable forms: nyagrodhaḥ (न्यग्रोधः).
Nyagrodha (न्यग्रोध).—m. (1) (= Pali Nigrodha, or °dha-miga), name of a deer-king: Mahāvastu i.359.19 ff. (in the story called in Pali Nigrodhamiga Jātaka); (2) name of a deity, formerly a goatherd who had planted a nyagrodha tree under which Buddha spent the 6th week after enlightenment: Mahāvastu iii.302.3; this tree was the Ajapāla-nyagrodha; [Page314-a+ 22] (3) name of the deity inhabiting a nyagrodha tree at Benares: Mahāvastu iii.403.10.
Nyagrodha (न्यग्रोध).—m.
(-dhaḥ) 1. The Indian fig tree. (Ficus Indica.) 2. A fathom measured by the arms extended. 3. The Sami, (Mimosa albida) f. (-dhī) 1. A plant, (Salvinia cucullata, Rox.) 2. A medical plant, commonly Mohana. E. nyak short, rudh to impede, aff. aṇ.
Nyagrodha (न्यग्रोध).—i. e. nyañc-ruh + a, m. 1. The Indian fig-tree, Ficus indica, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 8, 246. 2. A proper name.
Nyagrodha (न्यग्रोध).—[masculine] the Indian fig-tree (lit. growing downwards).
1) Nyagrodha (न्यग्रोध):—[=nyag-rodha] [from nyag > ny-añc] m. (√rudh = ruh), ‘growing downwards’ the Banyan or Indian fig-tree, Ficus Indica (it belongs to the kṣīra-vṛkṣas q.v.; fibres descend from its branches to the earth and there take root and form new stems), [Atharva-veda] etc. etc.
2) [v.s. ...] Prosopis Spicigera or Mimosa Suma, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
3) [v.s. ...] a fathom (measured by the arms extended), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
4) [v.s. ...] Name of a son of Kṛṣṇa, [Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
5) [v.s. ...] of a son of Ugra-sena (also dhaka), [Harivaṃśa; Purāṇa]
6) [v.s. ...] of a Brāhman, a monastery and a village, [Lalita-vistara]
7) Nyagrodhā (न्यग्रोधा):—[=nyag-rodhā] [from nyag-rodha > nyag > ny-añc] f. Salvinia Cucullata or some other plant, [Caraka]
Nyagrodha (न्यग्रोध):—[nyagro-dha] (dhaḥ) 1. m. The Indian fig-tree, a fathom. f. (dhī) Mimosa albida.
Nyagrodha (न्यग्रोध):—(nyak + rodha nach unten wachsend) gaṇa nyaṅkvādi zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 7, 3, 53.]
1) m. parox. Ficus indica, ein stattlicher Baum, welcher von seinen Zweigen aus Haarwurzeln in den Boden sendet, die wieder zu Stämmen erstarken. [Amarakoṣa 2, 4, 2, 13. 3, 4, 17, 98.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 1132.] [Anekārthasaṃgraha 3, 344.] [Medinīkoṣa.dh. 32.] [Halāyudha 2, 41.] [Atharvavedasaṃhitā 4, 37, 4. 5, 5, 5.] [Vājasaneyisaṃhitā 23, 13.] [Aitareyabrāhmaṇa 7, 30. 31.] [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 5, 3, 5, 13. 13, 2, 7, 3.] [Taittirīyasaṃhitā 7, 4, 12, 1.] [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 10, 9, 30.] [Chāndogyopaniṣad 6, 12, 1.] [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 8, 246.] [Hiḍimbavadha 1, 24.] [Mahābhārata 3, 2405.] [Rāmāyaṇa 3, 39, 27.] [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 28, 3. 50, 17. 53, 96. 85, 81.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 4, 6, 17.] Gehört zu den kṣīravṛkṣa [Suśruta 1, 6, 18. 141, 13. 146, 1. 157, 18. 367, 20.] kṣīra [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 52, 62.] —
2) m. ein anderer Baum, s. śamī [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] —
3) m. Faden, das Längenmaass der ausgestreckten Arme [Amarakoṣa 3, 4, 17, 98.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 600.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] —
4) m. Nomen proprium eines Sohnes des Ugrasena [Harivaṃśa 2028.] [Viṣṇupurāṇa 436.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 9, 24, 23.] —
5) m. Name eines nach der Ficus indica benannten Brahmanen, Dorfes und Klosters [Rgva tch’er rol pa] [?(Append.) 416. 425. Lebensbeschreibung Śākyamuni’s, Lebensb. 257 (27).] —
6) f. ī Salvinia cucullata Roxb. [Amarakoṣa 2, 4, 3, 6.] [Medinīkoṣa] ā [Śabdaratnāvalī im Śabdakalpadruma] Nach [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] ist das f. (ī) auch gleichbedeutend mit vṛṣaparṇī und sohanākhyauṣadhībhid; nach dem [Śabdaratnāvalī im Śabdakalpadruma] ist das m. = viṣaparṇī und mohanākhyauṣadhi; nach [WILSON] giebt [Śabdaratnāvalī] die letzte Bed. dem f. auf ī .
--- OR ---
Nyagrodha (न्यग्रोध):—
4) ein Sohn Kṛṣṇa’s [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 10, 90, 34.] — nyagrodhānvaya [Oxforder Handschriften 19,a,19.]
Nyagrodha (न्यग्रोध):—, niagrodha —
1) m. — a) Ficus indica. — b) *Prosopis spicigera oder Mimosa Suma , . = viṣaparṇī und mohana oder mohanā. — c) Faden , das Längenmaass der ausgestreckten Arme. — d) Nomen proprium — α) eines Sohnes des Kṛṣṇa. — β) eines Sohnes des Ugrasena. — γ) *eines Brahmanen , Dorfes und Klosters (buddh.). —
2) f. ā ([Carakasaṃhitā 7,12]) und ī Salvinia cucullata oder eine andere Pflanze [Dhanvantari's Wörterbuch 1,86.] [Rājan 4,138.] —
3) *f. ī = vṛṣaparṇī und mohana oder mohanā.
Nyagrodha (न्यग्रोध) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Ṇaggoha, Ṇiggoha.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Nyagrōdha (ನ್ಯಗ್ರೋಧ):—[noun] the widespread, fig tree Ficus benghalensis of Moraceae family, the aerial roots of which grow and take roots in the ground thus spreading itself over a relatively wide area; the banyan tree.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Nyag, Rodha, Dha, Ta.
Starts with (+3): Nyagrodhadi, Nyagrodhadicurna, Nyagrodhadya, Nyagrodhadya, Nyagrodhadyacurna, Nyagrodhadyacurna, Nyagrodhah, Nyagrodhaka, Nyagrodhakshira, Nyagrodhamula, Nyagrodhamulakvatha, Nyagrodhamulakvatha, Nyagrodhamulika, Nyagrodhana, Nyagrodhapada, Nyagrodhaparimandala, Nyagrodhaparimandalata, Nyagrodharaja, Nyagrodharama, Nyagrodharohina.
Full-text (+133): Nyagrodhaparimandala, Nyagrodhapada, Naiyagrodha, Nyagrodhaparimandalata, Nyagrodhika, Nyagrodhaka, Nyagrodhakshira, Nyagrodhadi, Kshiravriksha, Nuo qu tuo, Nayyagrodha, Nyagrodhin, Nyubja, Ni ju tuo, Bhandira, Ni ju lu tuo, Vada, Pancavalkala, Nyagrodharohina, Nyagrodhah.
Relevant text
Search found 125 books and stories containing Nyagrodha, Nyagrōdha, Nyag-rodha, Nyagrodhā, Nyag-rodhā, Nyagro-dha; (plurals include: Nyagrodhas, Nyagrōdhas, rodhas, Nyagrodhās, rodhās, dhas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
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