Niyoga: 22 definitions
Introduction:
Niyoga means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Buddhism, Pali, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Niyog.
In Hinduism
Arthashastra (politics and welfare)
Source: Wisdom Library: ArthaśāstraNiyoga (नियोग) refers to “command” and is the name of a yukti, or ‘technical division’, according to which the contents of the Arthaśāstra by Cāṇakya are grouped. Cāṇakya (4th-century BCE), aka Kauṭilya, was the chief minister of Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the famous Maurya Empire.
Arthashastra (अर्थशास्त्र, arthaśāstra) literature concerns itself with the teachings (shastra) of economic prosperity (artha) statecraft, politics and military tactics. The term arthashastra refers to both the name of these scientific teachings, as well as the name of a Sanskrit work included in such literature. This book was written (3rd century BCE) by by Kautilya, who flourished in the 4th century BCE.
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Source: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammarNiyoga (नियोग).—An obligatory order or command, such as that of a preceptor, as contrasted with स्वभाव (svabhāva); cf धातोः परः अकारोऽकशब्दो वा नियोगतःकर्तारं ब्रुवन्कृत्संज्ञश्च भवति (dhātoḥ paraḥ akāro'kaśabdo vā niyogataḥkartāraṃ bruvankṛtsaṃjñaśca bhavati) ......... स्वभावतः कर्तारं ब्रुवन्कृत्संज्ञश्च भवति (svabhāvataḥ kartāraṃ bruvankṛtsaṃjñaśca bhavati) etc. M. Bh. on P. III. 4.67 Vart. 8 where Kaiyata explains नियोग (niyoga) as आचार्यनियोग (ācāryaniyoga).
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaNiyoga (नियोग).—During the Vedic period there prevailed a system or custom which permitted either the husband or the wife who had no child by his wife or her husband to procreate a child in another woman or beget children by another man. That custom, called Niyoga fell into disuse after the Vedic period. (Agni Purāṇa, Chapter 256).
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of termsNiyoga (नियोग):—[niyogaḥ] Injunction; statements in the form of command or orders which are to be followed strictly without doubt or discussion
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Yoga (school of philosophy)
Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason BirchNiyoga (नियोग) refers to “adherence (to practice)”, according to the Amanaska Yoga treatise dealing with meditation, absorption, yogic powers and liberation.—Accordingly, as Īśvara says to Vāmadeva: “[...] [These] four states of mind should be known by the wise: disintegrated, coming and going, integrated and absorbed. [...] Therefore, if through adherence to practice (abhyāsa-niyoga), [the Yogin] becomes one whose [mind is absorbed] without the support [of any object of meditation], then, having come to have the same flavour [as the no-mind state], he is nothing but supreme bliss. [...]”.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
India history and geography
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossaryNiyoga.—(EI 24; SITI), an appointment; authority; the officer bearing the same. Cf. Niyogin, etc. Note: niyoga is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionaryniyoga : (m.) command; order.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryNiyoga, (ni+yoga) command, order; necessity. Abl. niyogā “strictly speaking” Dhs. 1417. (Page 368)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryniyōga (नियोग).—m S Appointment or assignation; ordering or authorizing; putting or setting to. 2 A command, mandate, direction, bidding.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishniyōga (नियोग).—m Appointment. A command, mandate.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryNiyoga (नियोग).—1 Employment, use, application.
2) An injunction, order, command, direction, commission, charge, appointed task or duty, any business committed to one's care; यः सावज्ञो माधवश्रीनियोगे (yaḥ sāvajño mādhavaśrīniyoge) M.5.8; मनो नियोगक्रिययोत्सुकं मे (mano niyogakriyayotsukaṃ me) R.5.11; अथवा नियोगः खल्वीदृशो मन्दभाग्यस्य (athavā niyogaḥ khalvīdṛśo mandabhāgyasya) Uttararāmacarita 1; आज्ञा- पयतु को नियोगोऽनुष्ठीयतामिति (ājñā- payatu ko niyogo'nuṣṭhīyatāmiti) Ś.1; त्वमपि स्वनियोगमशून्यं कुरु (tvamapi svaniyogamaśūnyaṃ kuru) 'go about your own business', 'do your appointed duty', (frequently occurring in plays, and used as a courteous way of asking servants to withdraw).
3) Fastening or attaching to.
4) Necessity, obligation; तत् सिषेवे नियोगेन स विकल्पपराङ्मुखः (tat siṣeve niyogena sa vikalpaparāṅmukhaḥ) R.17.49.
5) Effort, exertion.
6) Certainty, ascertainment.
7) An invariable rule; न चैष नियोगो वृत्तिपक्षे नित्यः समास इति (na caiṣa niyogo vṛttipakṣe nityaḥ samāsa iti) ŚB. on MS.1.6.5.
8) Commission, act; न कर्ता कस्यचित् कश्चिन्नियोगेनापि चेश्वरः (na kartā kasyacit kaścinniyogenāpi ceśvaraḥ) Rām. 4.25.5.
9) Right (adhikāra); अलघुनि बहु मेनिरे च ताः स्वं कुलिशभृता विहितं पदे नियोगम् (alaghuni bahu menire ca tāḥ svaṃ kuliśabhṛtā vihitaṃ pade niyogam) Kirātārjunīya 1.16.
1) A practice prevalent in ancient times which permitted a childless widow to have intercourse with the brother or any near kinsman of her deceased husband to raise up issue to him, the son so born being called क्षेत्रज (kṣetraja); cf. Manusmṛti 9.59.:-देवराद्वा सपिण्डाद्वा स्त्रिया सम्यङ् नियुक्तया । प्रजे- प्सिताधिगन्तव्या सन्तानस्य परिक्षये (devarādvā sapiṇḍādvā striyā samyaṅ niyuktayā | praje- psitādhigantavyā santānasya parikṣaye) ||; see 6, 65 also. (Vyāsa begot pāṇḍu and dhṛtarāṣṭra on the widows of vicitravīrya in this way).
Derivable forms: niyogaḥ (नियोगः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryNiyoga (नियोग).—m.
(-gaḥ) 1. An order or command. 2. Authority, appointment. 3. Occupation, appointed duty. 4. Effort, exertion. 5. Ascertainment, certainty. 6. Incidence, occurrence. 7. The practise in ancient times by which a childless widow was permitted to have intercourse with the brother or any other near relative of her deceased husband to raise up issue to him. E. ni before, yuj to join, affix ghañ kutvam .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryNiyoga (नियोग).—i. e. ni-yuj + a, m. 1. Fastening, [Harivaṃśa, (ed. Calc.)] 3537. 2. Appointment, [Mṛcchakaṭikā, (ed. Stenzler.)] 101, 19. 3. An order, a commission, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 1, 41; 9, 61; 65. 4. ºena, instr. Certainly, [Raghuvaṃśa, (ed. Stenzler.)] 17, 49.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryNiyoga (नियोग).—[masculine] attaching, fastening (only °—); use, employment; injunction, commission, appointment, command, order; necessity, destiny.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Niyoga (नियोग):—[=ni-yoga] [from ni-yuj] m. tying or fastening to (cf. -pāśa below)
2) [v.s. ...] employment, use, application, [Lāṭyāyana; Mṛcchakaṭikā]
3) [v.s. ...] injunction, order, command (gāt ind., or gena ind. by order of, ifc.), commission, charge, appointed task or duty, business ([especially] the appointing a brother or any near kinsman to raise up issue to a deceased husband by marrying his widow), [Manu-smṛti ([especially] ix, 59 etc.); Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature; Suśruta] etc.
4) [v.s. ...] necessity (gena ind. necessarily, certainly, surely, [Raghuvaṃśa]), obligation, fate, destiny, [Kāvya literature]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryNiyoga (नियोग):—[ni-yoga] (gaḥ) 1. m. An order; appointment; occupation; effort.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Niyoga (नियोग) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Ṇioga, Ṇijjoa, Ṇijjoga.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryNiyoga (नियोग) [Also spelled niyog]:—(nm) an ancient Aryan practice according to which a childless widow or woman was permitted to have sexual intercourse with a person other than her husband to beget a child.
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Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusNiyōga (ನಿಯೋಗ):—
1) [noun] the act of associating oneself or being associated with; an association; a union.
2) [noun] the act, fact of appointing (a person) to an office, position, etc.; the fact of being appointed so; appointment.
3) [noun] a job, duty for which one is appointed; assignment.
4) [noun] the occupation of a servant; service.
5) [noun] an observing of (a religious service, fulfilment of vow, etc.).
6) [noun] a group of persons appointed to manage, control local administration, business, etc.
7) [noun] a body of people acting, speaking as representatives of or that is authorised to act, speak for, others; a delegation.
8) [noun] the Veda.
9) [noun] a practice of a married woman having sexual intercourse with a man other than her busband to have a child or children, in case of her husband’s impotency or death (which practice was allowed by the earlier social code of conduct).
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Source: unoes: Nepali-English DictionaryNiyoga (नियोग):—n. 1. appointment; work-assignment; 2. commission; mission; 3. directive; authority;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Niyoga-niyukta, Niyogakarana, Niyogakati, Niyogakrit, Niyogapasha, Niyogaprayojana, Niyogartha, Niyogasamsthita, Niyogastha, Niyogat, Niyogatas, Niyogavidhi, Niyokakurram, Niyokam, Niyokatarmam.
Ends with (+11): Abhiniyoga, Abhyasaniyoga, Agniyoga, Aniyoga, Antara-viniyoga, Aruniyoga, Dandaniyoga, Durviniyoga, Goniyoga, Kalaniyoga, Kundaliniyoga, Maha-niyoga, Manoniyoga, Mithoviniyoga, Prishniyoga, Punarviniyoga, Rohiniyoga, Rudrajapaviniyoga, Sabha-viniyoga, Sadviniyoga.
Full-text (+109): Kalaniyoga, Nioga, Niyogaprayojana, Niyogavidhi, Nijjoga, Niyogin, Nijjoa, Niyogartha, Aniyoga, Niyokakurram, Niyog, Viniyoga, Niyogasamsthita, Niyogakrit, Niyogatas, Niyogastha, Niyogakarana, Viniyogasamgraha, Niyogapasha, Viniyogasatkriya.
Relevant text
Search found 36 books and stories containing Niyoga, Niyōga, Ni-yoga; (plurals include: Niyogas, Niyōgas, yogas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Temples of Purushottama Kshetra Puri (by Ratnakar Mohapatra)
3. Socio-religious Conditions of Purusottama-ksetra < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 9.65 < [Section IV - Duties of Women in Times of Distress (niyoga)]
Verse 9.69 < [Section IV - Duties of Women in Times of Distress (niyoga)]
Verse 9.59 < [Section IV - Duties of Women in Times of Distress (niyoga)]
Liberation in early Advaita Vedanta (by Aleksandar Uskokov)
8. Language and Prābhākara Mīmāṃsā < [Chapter 2 - The Mīmāṃsā model of Puruṣārtha and the role of Scripture]
8. Śruti in Other Brāhmaṇical Traditions < [Chapter 1 - Rethinking the idea of Scripture in Vedic Theology]
1. Introduction < [Chapter 5 - The Doctrine of Prasaṅkhyāna]
Yajnavalkya-smriti (Vyavaharadhyaya)—Critical study (by Kalita Nabanita)
Chapter 3.6b - The practice of Niyoga < [Chapter 3 - The Social Aspect Depicted in the Vyavahārādhyāya]
Chapter 3.6 - Social Issues (Introduction) < [Chapter 3 - The Social Aspect Depicted in the Vyavahārādhyāya]
Chapter 1.1e - The Major Smṛtis < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]
Historical Elements in the Matsya Purana (by Chaitali Kadia)
Niyoga (inviting a widow to remarry) < [Chapter 5 - Cultural history in the Matsya-Purāṇa]
Position of Purāṇas in the Sanskrit Literature < [Chapter 1 - An Introduction of the Purāṇas]
The Brahma Purana (critical study) (by Surabhi H. Trivedi)
12. The system of Niyoga < [Marriage, Family and Position of Women]
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