Nishkramana, Niṣkramaṇa, Nitkramana, Niṭkramaṇa: 22 definitions

Introduction
In Hinduism
In Jainism
1. General definition
Languages
1. Sanskrit
2. Hindi
3. Kannada
4. Nepali
See also
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Introduction:

Nishkramana means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

The Sanskrit term Niṣkramaṇa can be transliterated into English as Niskramana or Nishkramana, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

Alternative spellings of this word include Nishkraman.

In Hinduism

Dharmashastra (religious law)

Source: archive.org: History of Dharmasastra (Vol II Part I)

Niṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण) refers to the “coming out (into the canopy of the bride and bride-groom)” (from the inner part of the house) and represents one of the various Marriage Rites (saṃskāra) according to the Parāskara-gṛhya-sūtra. I.4.—The main outlines of the marriage saṃskāra show a remarkable continuity for several thousand years from the times of the Rig Veda down to modern times.—Vadhuvara-niṣkramaṇa refers to “the coming out into the paṇḍal of the bride and bride-groom from the inner part of the house”.

Source: Shodhganga: Facts of society in the Manusamhita

Niṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण):—To bring the baby outside the house for the first time, a ceremony is performed. It is named as Niṣkramaṇa. In this context, the commentator has made the clarification that the purpose the same is seeing of sun. According to the law giver, the age to undergo this is fourth month. He has give an alternative age for performing the rite. This is to be performed according to the custom obtaining in the family.

Source: Oxford Academic: Homo Ritualis: Hindu Ritual and Its Significance to Ritual Theory

Niṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण) refers to “going out”, and represents one of the traditional marriage rituals, according to Dadhirāma Marāsini’s 19th century Vivāhapaddhati (part of his Karmakāṇḍabhāskara) which is based on the Pāraskara-Gṛhyasūtra, a domestic manual in the Mādhyandina school of the Vājasaneyisaṃhitā.—If performed traditionally, high caste marriages among the Parbatiyas (Parbates/Paharis/Pahadis) or Indo-Nepalese people in Nepal are normally executed by following the course of events as presented in marriage manuals. The Niṣkramaṇa rite is mentioned under the header called Gift of the girl (kanyādāna).

context information

Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Source: archive.org: Natya Shastra

Niṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण, “going out”).—A type of gesture (āṅgika) made with the eyeballs (tārā);—Instructions: going out [as it were of the eyeballs]. Uses: in the Terrible (bhayānaka) and the Marvellous (adbhuta) Sentiments (rasa).

context information

Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

Arthashastra (politics and welfare)

Source: Knowledge Traditions & Practices of India: Society State and Polity: A Survey

Niṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण) refers to the ceremony of “taking the child outdoors” and represents one of the sixteen saṃskāras, or “ceremonies” accompanying the individual during the Gṛhastha (householder) stage of the Āśrama way of life. These ceremonies (e.g., niṣkramaṇa-saṃskāra) are community affairs and at each ceremony relations and friends gather for community eating.

context information

Arthashastra (अर्थशास्त्र, arthaśāstra) literature concerns itself with the teachings (shastra) of economic prosperity (artha) statecraft, politics and military tactics. The term arthashastra refers to both the name of these scientific teachings, as well as the name of a Sanskrit work included in such literature. This book was written (3rd century BCE) by by Kautilya, who flourished in the 4th century BCE.

Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: archive.org: Sardhatrisatikalottaragama

Niṣkrāmaṇa (निष्क्रामण) refers to the ceremony of “first temple-visit after birth”, which is mentioned as one of the fire-rituals related to the kuṇḍa (“fire-pit”), according to the various Āgamas and related literature. Niṣkrāmaṇa is mentioned in the Vīra-āgama (chapter 41).

context information

Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

Yoga (school of philosophy)

Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason Birch

Niṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण) refers to “expelling” (the vital airs), according to the Mokṣopāya (verse 5.54.4-5, 9 and 16).—Accordingly, “When the first part of Om whose [entire] length consists of three and a half parts, was [articulated] as a clear sound by which the body quivered because the vital airs were slightly agitated, the process of expelling (niṣkramaṇa) the vital airs, [which is] called Recaka, made the whole body empty, just as Agastya drank [all] the water [and made] the ocean [empty]...”.

context information

Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

Vastushastra (architecture)

Source: Google Books: Consecration Rituals In South Asia

Niṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण) refers to one of the two types of jīrṇoddhāra (“renovation of temples”).—According to the Kerala ritual texts (e.g. the Tantrasamuccaya 11.2) there are two types of jīrṇoddhāra, namely niṣkramaṇa and saṅkoca. When the liṅga or the idol is damaged, the niṣkramaṇa type of jīrṇoddhāra is to be performed by replacing the damaged liṅga or idol with a new one. But when the prāsāda or temple needs renovation, saṅkoca type of jīrṇoddhāra is to be performed. The niṣkramaṇa again is further classified into two types, one performed with kalaśa and the other with bālālayapratiṣṭhā.

context information

Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.

Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts: Volume 1 (1871) (jyo)

Niṣkrāmaṇa (निष्क्रामण) [=bālaniṣkrāmaṇa] refers to one of the topics discussed in the Śiśuhitā, a Sanskrit manuscript collected in volume 1 of the catalogue “Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (first series)” by Rajendralal Mitra (1822–1891), who was one of the first English-writing historians dealing with Indian culture and heritage.— The Śiśuhitā manuscript authored by Kṛṣṇarāma represents a primer on astrology, giving rules for calculation of nativities and most of the topics usually treated of in Indian astrological. It contains 2,457 ślokas.—The catalogue includes the term—Bāla-niṣkrāmaṇa in its ‘subject-matter list’ or Viṣaya (which lists topics, chapters and technical terms). The complete entry reads: bālaniṣkrāmaṇaṃ.

context information

Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra

Niṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण) refers to the “festival of departure”, according to chapter 1.1 [ādīśvara-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.

Accordingly,

“[...] then King Vajrasena delighted the earth by distributing gifts for a year, like a cloud water. His festival of departure (niṣkramaṇa) was made by Gods, Asuras, and Kings. He adorned the garden to which he went like the moon the sky. The Blessed One, having self-acquired knowledge, took initiation there, and the knowledge called manaḥparyāya was acquired”.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

Languages of India and abroad

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Niṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण).—

1) Going forth or out.

2) = निष्क्रम (niṣkrama) (3) above; चतुर्थे मासि कर्तव्यं शिशोर्निष्क्रमणं गृहात् (caturthe māsi kartavyaṃ śiśorniṣkramaṇaṃ gṛhāt) Manusmṛti 2.34.

Derivable forms: niṣkramaṇam (निष्क्रमणम्).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Niṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण).—(-niṣkramaṇa), see dṛḍha-niṣ°.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Niṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण).—n.

(-ṇaṃ) 1. Going forth or out. 2. Taking a child for the first time out of the house, in the fourth month, considered as an essential ceremony, and accompanied by sacrifice, &c. E. nir forth, krama to go, lyuṭ aff.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Niṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण).—i. e. nis -kram + ana, n. Going out, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 2, 54; leaving (with abl.), [Pañcatantra] 37, 23; 193, 9, where erroneously ºkrāmº.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Niṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण):—[=niṣ-kramaṇa] [from niṣ-kram] n. going forth or out, departing, [Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra; Rāmāyaṇa; Pañcatantra]

2) [v.s. ...] taking a child for the first time out of the house in the fourth month after birth to see the sun, [Manu-smṛti ii, 34; Religious Thought and Life in India 253; 258]

3) [v.s. ...] f(ā, ikā). (also ṇikā, [Pāraskara-gṛhya-sūtra]) ceasing, disappearing, [Catalogue(s)]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Niṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण):—[ni-ṣkramaṇa] (ṇaṃ) 1. n. A going forth.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Niṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Ṇikkamaṇa, Ṇikkhamaṇa.

[Sanskrit to German]

Nishkramana in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Niṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण) [Also spelled nishkraman]:—(nm) exit; evacuation; withdrawal.

context information

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Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Niṣkramaṇa (ನಿಷ್ಕ್ರಮಣ):—[noun] = ನಿಷ್ಕ್ರಮ [nishkrama].

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Nepali dictionary

Source: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

Niṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण):—n. 1. going out; departure; exit; 2. (Hinduism) the ceremony of taking an infant out of the house for the first time to see the sun;

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

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