Nishkramana, Niṣkramaṇa: 18 definitions
Introduction:
Nishkramana means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Niṣkramaṇa can be transliterated into English as Niskramana or Nishkramana, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Nishkraman.
In Hinduism
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Source: Shodhganga: Facts of society in the ManusamhitaNiṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण):—To bring the baby outside the house for the first time, a ceremony is performed. It is named as Niṣkramaṇa. In this context, the commentator has made the clarification that the purpose the same is seeing of sun. According to the law giver, the age to undergo this is fourth month. He has give an alternative age for performing the rite. This is to be performed according to the custom obtaining in the family.
Source: Oxford Academic: Homo Ritualis: Hindu Ritual and Its Significance to Ritual TheoryNiṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण) refers to “going out”, and represents one of the traditional marriage rituals, according to Dadhirāma Marāsini’s 19th century Vivāhapaddhati (part of his Karmakāṇḍabhāskara) which is based on the Pāraskara-Gṛhyasūtra, a domestic manual in the Mādhyandina school of the Vājasaneyisaṃhitā.—If performed traditionally, high caste marriages among the Parbatiyas (Parbates/Paharis/Pahadis) or Indo-Nepalese people in Nepal are normally executed by following the course of events as presented in marriage manuals. The Niṣkramaṇa rite is mentioned under the header called Gift of the girl (kanyādāna).
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: archive.org: Natya ShastraNiṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण, “going out”).—A type of gesture (āṅgika) made with the eyeballs (tārā);—Instructions: going out [as it were of the eyeballs]. Uses: in the Terrible (bhayānaka) and the Marvellous (adbhuta) Sentiments (rasa).
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Arthashastra (politics and welfare)
Source: Knowledge Traditions & Practices of India: Society State and Polity: A SurveyNiṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण) refers to the ceremony of “taking the child outdoors” and represents one of the sixteen saṃskāras, or “ceremonies” accompanying the individual during the Gṛhastha (householder) stage of the Āśrama way of life. These ceremonies (e.g., niṣkramaṇa-saṃskāra) are community affairs and at each ceremony relations and friends gather for community eating.
Arthashastra (अर्थशास्त्र, arthaśāstra) literature concerns itself with the teachings (shastra) of economic prosperity (artha) statecraft, politics and military tactics. The term arthashastra refers to both the name of these scientific teachings, as well as the name of a Sanskrit work included in such literature. This book was written (3rd century BCE) by by Kautilya, who flourished in the 4th century BCE.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: archive.org: SardhatrisatikalottaragamaNiṣkrāmaṇa (निष्क्रामण) refers to the ceremony of “first temple-visit after birth”, which is mentioned as one of the fire-rituals related to the kuṇḍa (“fire-pit”), according to the various Āgamas and related literature. Niṣkrāmaṇa is mentioned in the Vīra-āgama (chapter 41).
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Yoga (school of philosophy)
Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason BirchNiṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण) refers to “expelling” (the vital airs), according to the Mokṣopāya (verse 5.54.4-5, 9 and 16).—Accordingly, “When the first part of Om whose [entire] length consists of three and a half parts, was [articulated] as a clear sound by which the body quivered because the vital airs were slightly agitated, the process of expelling (niṣkramaṇa) the vital airs, [which is] called Recaka, made the whole body empty, just as Agastya drank [all] the water [and made] the ocean [empty]...”.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: archive.org: TrisastisalakapurusacaritraNiṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण) refers to the “festival of departure”, according to chapter 1.1 [ādīśvara-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.
Accordingly,
“[...] then King Vajrasena delighted the earth by distributing gifts for a year, like a cloud water. His festival of departure (niṣkramaṇa) was made by Gods, Asuras, and Kings. He adorned the garden to which he went like the moon the sky. The Blessed One, having self-acquired knowledge, took initiation there, and the knowledge called manaḥparyāya was acquired”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryNiṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण).—
1) Going forth or out.
2) = निष्क्रम (niṣkrama) (3) above; चतुर्थे मासि कर्तव्यं शिशोर्निष्क्रमणं गृहात् (caturthe māsi kartavyaṃ śiśorniṣkramaṇaṃ gṛhāt) Manusmṛti 2.34.
Derivable forms: niṣkramaṇam (निष्क्रमणम्).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryNiṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण).—(-niṣkramaṇa), see dṛḍha-niṣ°.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryNiṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण).—n.
(-ṇaṃ) 1. Going forth or out. 2. Taking a child for the first time out of the house, in the fourth month, considered as an essential ceremony, and accompanied by sacrifice, &c. E. nir forth, krama to go, lyuṭ aff.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryNiṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण).—i. e. nis -kram + ana, n. Going out, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 2, 54; leaving (with abl.), [Pañcatantra] 37, 23; 193, 9, where erroneously ºkrāmº.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Niṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण):—[=niṣ-kramaṇa] [from niṣ-kram] n. going forth or out, departing, [Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra; Rāmāyaṇa; Pañcatantra]
2) [v.s. ...] taking a child for the first time out of the house in the fourth month after birth to see the sun, [Manu-smṛti ii, 34; Religious Thought and Life in India 253; 258]
3) [v.s. ...] f(ā, ikā). (also ṇikā, [Pāraskara-gṛhya-sūtra]) ceasing, disappearing, [Catalogue(s)]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryNiṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण):—[ni-ṣkramaṇa] (ṇaṃ) 1. n. A going forth.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Niṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Ṇikkamaṇa, Ṇikkhamaṇa.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryNiṣkramaṇa (निष्क्रमण) [Also spelled nishkraman]:—(nm) exit; evacuation; withdrawal.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusNiṣkramaṇa (ನಿಷ್ಕ್ರಮಣ):—[noun] = ನಿಷ್ಕ್ರಮ [nishkrama].
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Kramana, Ni, Nish.
Starts with: Nishkramanajihva, Nishkramanakrama, Nishkramanaprayoga.
Ends with: Abhinishkramana, Dridhanishkramana, Durnishkramana, Gonishkramana, Mahabhinishkramana, Parinishkramana, Prananishkramana, Unnishkramana, Upanishkramana, Vinishkramana.
Full-text: Upanishkramana, Nishkramanaprayoga, Abhinishkramana, Nikkhamana, Nitkiramanam, Gonishkramanatirtha, Dridhavikrama, Durnishkramana, Samskara, Nihkramana, Nishkiramanam, Nikkamana, Gonishkramana, Nishkraman, Parinishkiramanam, Abhiniryana, Naishkramana, Samskarakaumudi, Kunda.
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Search found 13 books and stories containing Nishkramana, Niṣkramaṇa, Niskramana, Nish-kramana, Niṣ-kramaṇa, Ni-shkramana, Ni-ṣkramaṇa, Ni-skramana, Niṣkrāmaṇa; (plurals include: Nishkramanas, Niṣkramaṇas, Niskramanas, kramanas, kramaṇas, shkramanas, ṣkramaṇas, skramanas, Niṣkrāmaṇas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Vaisheshika-sutra with Commentary (by Nandalal Sinha)
Sūtra 2.1.20 (Marks of Ether, according to Sāṅkhya philosophy) < [Chapter 1 - Of Earth, Waters, Fire, Air, and Ether]
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Section XI - The Ceremony of ‘First Egress,’ (niṣkramaṇa) and that of ‘First Feeding,’ (annaprāśana) < [Discourse II - Sources of Knowledge of Dharma]
Verse 2.66 < [Section XV - Sacraments for Females]
Verse 2.29 < [Section IX - The ‘jātakarma’ sacrament]
Chaitanya Bhagavata (by Bhumipati Dāsa)
Verse 1.4.19 < [Chapter 4 - Name-giving Ceremony, Childhood Pastimes, and Thieves Kidnap the Lord]
Formal Education System in Ancient India (by Sushmita Nath)
Number of Saṃskāras < [Chapter 2 - Rituals of the Education System]
Vedic influence on the Sun-worship in the Puranas (by Goswami Mitali)
Part 3 - The Saṃskāras, Referred to in the Purāṇas < [Chapter 5 - Rituals Related to the Sun-Worship in the Purāṇas]
Natyashastra (English) (by Bharata-muni)
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