Nirasta, Nirashta, Niraṣṭa, Nir-ashta: 16 definitions
Introduction:
Nirasta means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Niraṣṭa can be transliterated into English as Nirasta or Nirashta, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Nirast.
In Hinduism
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Nirasta (निरस्त).—A fault of pronunciation when a vowel is harshly pronounced and hence is not properly audible; cf. निरस्तं निष्ठुरम् (nirastaṃ niṣṭhuram) Pradipa on M.Bh. I. 1. Ahn. 1. The fault occurs when the place and the means of utterance are pressed and drawn in;cf. निरस्तं स्थानकरणापकर्षे (nirastaṃ sthānakaraṇāpakarṣe) R. Pr. XIV. 2.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Nirasta (निरस्त) refers to one of the nine “breathing techniques” (anila) (i.e., “techniques of inhalation and exhalation”) described by Kohala, as mentioned in citations by the Saṅgītaratnākara (Vol. IV, Chapter VII, p.162), the Saṅgītarāja (Nṛtyaratnakośa, Ullāsa 1, Parīkṣaṇa 3, p.94-95), and the Nṛtyādhyāya (Upāṅga Prakaraṇa, p.164).—The names of these varieties of breathing techniques are more or less the same in all the three works. [For example, nirasta] A verse explaining each of these techniques is found in both Sangītarāja as well as Nṛtyādhyāya. These explanatory verses appear to be the words of these authors and not direct quotations of Kohala.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
1) Nirasta (निरस्त) refers to the “cessation” (of desire), according to the Aṣṭāvakragītā (5th century BC), an ancient text on spirituality dealing with Advaita-Vedānta topics.—Accordingly, [as Aṣṭavakra says to Janaka]: “[...] You may, as a learned man, indulge in wealth, activity and meditation, but your mind will still long for that which is the cessation (nirasta) of desire, and beyond all goals. [cittaṃ nirastasarvāśamatyarthaṃ rocayiṣyati] It is because of effort that everyone is in pain, but no-one realises it. By just this simple instruction, the lucky one attains tranquility. [...]”.
2) Nirasta (निरस्त) refers to the “cessation (of imagination)”.—Accordingly, [as Aṣṭavakra says to Janaka]: “[...] The spontaneous unassumed behaviour of the wise is noteworthy, but not the deliberate, intentional stillness of the fool. The wise who are rid of imagination (nirasta-kalpanā), unbound and with unfettered awareness [nirastakalpanā dhīrā abaddhā muktabuddhayaḥ] may enjoy themselves in the midst of many goods, or alternatively go off to mountain caves. [...]”.
Vedanta (वेदान्त, vedānta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Nirastā (निरस्ता) refers to “suppressing/blocking a weapon”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.5.39 (“The annihilation of the army of Śaṅkhacūḍa”).—Accordingly: “[As Śiva attacked Śaṅkhacūḍa]: When Śiva shouted ‘O wicked one, stay by. Stay by’, the gods and the Gaṇas rapidly shouted ‘victory, Victory’. Then coming again the valorous son of Dambha hurled at Rudra his spear terrible with shooting flames. While it came on, blazing brilliantly like a great conflagration in the battleground, it was immediately suppressed (nirastā) by Kṣeṭrapāla by means of the meteor springing from his mouth. [...]”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
India history and geography
Nirasta.—cf. sarvajāta-bhoga-nirastyā (IE 8-5), ‘with all kinds of the [king's] rights renunciated’. Note: nirasta is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
See also (synonyms): Nirasti.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Nirasta (निरस्त).—p. p.
1) Cast off or away, thrown out or away, repudiated, driven, expelled, banished; कौलीन- भीतेन गृहान्निरस्ता (kaulīna- bhītena gṛhānnirastā) R.14.84.
2) Dispelled, destroyed.
3) Abandoned, deserted.
4) Removed, deprived or void of; निरस्तपादपे देश एरण्डोपि द्रुमायते (nirastapādape deśa eraṇḍopi drumāyate) H.1.67.
5) Discharged (as an arrow).
6) Refuted.
7) Vomited, spit out.
8) Uttered rapidly; सर्वे ऊष्माणोऽग्रस्ता अनिरस्ता विवृता वक्तव्याः (sarve ūṣmāṇo'grastā anirastā vivṛtā vaktavyāḥ) Ch. Up.2.22.5.
9) Torn out or destroyed.
1) Suppressed, checked.
11) Broken (as an agreement &c.).
12) Thrown off (as from a horse).
13) Offered, given; त्वं पुण्डरीकमुख बन्धुतया निरस्तमेको निवापसलिलं पिबसीत्ययुक्तम् (tvaṃ puṇḍarīkamukha bandhutayā nirastameko nivāpasalilaṃ pibasītyayuktam) Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 9.4.
14) Rejected, disallowed.
15) Sent forth or away.
-staḥ An arrow discharged.
-stam 1 Rejecting, refusal &c.
2) Dropping or leaving out, rapid pronunciation.
3) Spitting out.
4) Preventing, warding of.
5) Throwing or casting.
--- OR ---
Niraṣṭa (निरष्ट).—a. Ved. driven away, scattered.
-ṣṭaḥ a horse twentyfour years old.
Niraṣṭa is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms nir and aṣṭa (अष्ट).
Niraṣṭa (निरष्ट).—(?) , so Lefm. with ms. A in Lalitavistara 210.21 (verse), perhaps read nirasta, cast (down), with several mss.: jarā- maraṇa-pañjara-nirasta-sattva-parimocanasya samayo, time to free creatures cast into the cage of old age and death; compare however nyaṣīt, § 2.60.
Nirasta (निरस्त).—mfn.
(-staḥ-stā-staṃ) 1. Expelled, sent forth or out. 2. Sent, thrown, cast, directed. 3. Thrown off, (as from a horse.) 4. Abandoned, deserted, left. 5. Rejected, disallowed. 6. Shot, (as an arrow,) 7. Uttered ra pidly, hurried. 8. Destroyed, 9. Gone, absent, what is not. 10. Suppressed, checked. 11. Torn or taken. 12. Broken, (as an agreement.) E. nir out or forth, as to throw or send, affix karmaṇi kta.
Niraṣṭa (निरष्ट).—[adjective] emasculated.
1) Niraṣṭa (निरष्ट):—[=nir-aṣṭa] (√akṣ), emasculated, deprived of vigour, [Ṛg-veda; Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa] (cf. mahā-n).
2) Nirasta (निरस्त):—[=nir-asta] [from nir-as] mfn. ([Rāmāyaṇa] also asita) cast out or off, expelled, banished, rejected, removed, refuted, destroyed, [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa; Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.
3) [v.s. ...] shot off (as an arrow), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
4) [v.s. ...] spit out, vomited, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
5) [v.s. ...] pronounced hurriedly or dropped in pronouncing (a-n, [Chāndogya-upaniṣad ii, 22, 3])
6) [v.s. ...] n. dropping or leaving out (considered a fault in pronunciation), [Patañjali]
Nirasta (निरस्त):—[nira+sta] (staḥ-stā-staṃ) a. Shot as an arrow; uttered rapidly; thrown; abandoned; rejected.
Niraṣṭa (निरष्ट):—
--- OR ---
Nirasta (निरस्त):—partic. praet. pass. von 2. as mit nis; aus den Wörterbüchern ist noch nachzuholen: abgeschossen (vom Pfeile) [Amarakoṣa 2, 8, 2, 56.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha 3, 269.] [Medinīkoṣa t. 118.] [Halāyudha 4, 18.] ausgeworfen, ausgespieen; schnell ausgestossen (von einer Rede, einem Worte) [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] [Halāyudha 1, 142.] verlassen, aufgegeben [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] zurückgewiesen, verworfen [Amarakoṣa 3, 1, 40.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] [Halāyudha 4, 18.] — weggestossen, zurückgestossen: śumbhenāgatya yā śaktirmuktā sā nirastā maholkayā [Devīmāhātmya 9, 23.] verstossen, verjagt: nirastaścāptabandhubhiḥ [1, 19.] n. das Ausstossen, Fallenlassen (ein Fehler der Aussprache) [Prātiśākhya zum Ṛgveda 14, 2. 9]; vgl. nirāsa .
--- OR ---
Niraṣṭa (निरष्ट):—bedeutet entmannt; vgl. mahā .
Niraṣṭa (निरष्ट):—Partic. entmannt.
--- OR ---
Nirasta (निरस्त):——
1) Adj. Partic. von 2. as mit nis. —
2) n. das Ausstossen , eine best. fehlerhafte Aussprache der Vocale [Mahābhāṣya 1,20,] a.
Nirasta (निरस्त) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Ṇirattha, Ṇirasia.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Nirasta (निरस्त) [Also spelled nirast]:—(a) cancelled; repealed; thrown away.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Nirasta (ನಿರಸ್ತ):—
1) [adjective] pushed, driven out or away; warded off; turned aside.
2) [adjective] overpowered; overwhelmed; subdued.
--- OR ---
Nirasta (ನಿರಸ್ತ):—
1) [noun] that which is warded off, stopped from happening or turned aside.
2) [noun] a sound or speech uttered speedily.
3) [noun] (dance) an inhaling with a sound (as if breathing with effort).
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): Ashta, Nir.
Starts with (+0): Nirastabheda, Nirastakalpana, Nirastamita, Nirastapad, Nirastaraga, Nirastasamkhya, Nirastasamyatishaya, Nirastasarvasha, Nirastasarvasha, Nirastasukhodaya, Nirastavishaya.
Full-text (+9): Mahanirashta, Nirastasamkhya, Trapanirasta, Nirastaraga, Nirastabheda, Nirastasukhodaya, Niratta, Nirastasamyatishaya, Apakarsha, Nirastavishaya, Sarva-jata-bhoga-nirasta, Ahnaya, Nirastamita, Niramana, Nirasita, Nirasia, Nirast, Nirastasarvasha, Nirastakalpana, Vikampita.
Relevant text
Search found 41 books and stories containing Nirasta, Nir-ashta, Nir-aṣṭa, Nir-asta, Nirashta, Niraṣṭa; (plurals include: Nirastas, ashtas, aṣṭas, astas, Nirashtas, Niraṣṭas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Krishna Sandarbha of Jiva Goswami (by Kusakratha Prabhu)
A critical study of Ānandajñāna’s Tarkasaṅgraha (by Satyan Sharma)
Introduction to the third Pariccheda of the Tarkasaṅgraha < [Chapter 4 - Refutations in the Tṛtīya Pariccheda]
Part 1.3 - The refutation of Paramāṇu < [Chapter 2 - Refutations in the Prathama Pariccheda]
Part 1.1 - The refutation of Guṇa < [Chapter 3 - Refutations in the Dvitīya Pariccheda]
Kohala in the Sanskrit textual tradition (Study) (by Padma Sugavanam)
Kohala and Nṛtya (7): Breathing techniques < [Chapter 2 - Kohala as seen in citations]
Part 9 - Citations of Kohala in the Saṅgītaratnākara < [Chapter 3 - Kohala as seen in citations—an analysis]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Kausika Sutra (study) (by V. Gopalan)
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)