Nagaraka, Nāgaraka: 17 definitions
Introduction:
Nagaraka means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Kama-shastra (the science of Love-making)
Nāgaraka (नागरक) referes to a “citizen” (i.e., a householder passing the life as a citizen—a dignified, educated and civilized man), according to chapter 1.4 of Vātsyāyana’s Kāmasūtra: a Sanskrit text from the 2nd century dealing with eroticism, sexuality and emotional fulfillment in life belonging to Kāmaśāstra (the ancient Indian science of love-making).—Accordingly [while describing the life of a citizen]: “Having thus acquired learning, a man, with the wealth that he may have gained by gift, conquest, purchase, deposit, or inheritance from his ancestors, should become a householder (gārhasthya), and pass the life of a citizen (nāgaraka-vṛtta). [gārhasthyamadhigamya nāgarakavṛttaṃ varteta] He should take a house in a city, or large village, or in the vicinity of good men, or in a place which is the resort of many persons”.
Kamashastra (कामशास्त्र, kāmaśāstra) deals with ancient Indian science of love-making, passion, emotions and other related topics dealing with the pleasures of the senses.
In Buddhism
Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)
A Sakyan township near Medatalumpa. From there Pasenadi, accompanied by Digha Karayana, paid his last visit to the Buddha, as recorded in the Dhammacetiya Sutta. M.ii.118.
The Buddha evidently once stayed in Nagaraka, for in the Cula Sunnata Sutta, Ananda is reported as reminding the Buddha that once, while staying at Nagaraka, the Buddha had remarked that he lived with the Void a great deal.
Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).
India history and geography
Nāgaraka.—(HD), same as Nāgarika; chief officer of the city; the city prefect of police. See Arthaśāstra, II. 36; Kāma- sūtra, V. 5. 9 (the commentator explaining Nāgaraka as Daṇḍa- pāśika). Cf. Talavara. Note: nāgaraka is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Biology (plants and animals)
Nagaraka in India is the name of a plant defined with Zingiber officinale in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Curcuma longifolia Wall (among others).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Bull. Sichuan Sch. Chinese Mater. Med. (1987)
· Regnum Vegetabile, or ‘a Series of Handbooks for the Use of Plant Taxonomists and Plant Geographers’ (1993)
· Cytologia (1997)
· Bull. Bot. Survey India (1972)
· Nucleus (1984)
· Zingiberoideae.
If you are looking for specific details regarding Nagaraka, for example side effects, health benefits, diet and recipes, chemical composition, extract dosage, pregnancy safety, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Nagaraka, (nt.) a small city D. I, 146=169, quoted J. I, 391. (Page 345)
nagaraka (နဂရက) [(na) (န)]—
[yadicchā]
[ယဒိစ္ဆာနာမ်]
[Pali to Burmese]
nagaraka—
(Burmese text): နဂရတ-အမည်ရှိသော နိဂုံး။
(Auto-Translation): The name of the ending is Nagara.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Sanskrit dictionary
Nāgaraka (नागरक).—a. [nagare bhavaḥ vuñ]
1) Town-bred, town-born.
2) Polite, courteous, courtly; नागरिकवृत्त्या संज्ञापयैनाम् (nāgarikavṛttyā saṃjñāpayainām) Ś.5; साधु आर्य नागरिकोऽसि (sādhu ārya nāgariko'si) V.2.
3) Clever, shrewd, cunning (vidagdha).
-kaḥ 1 A citizen.
2) A polite or courteous man, a gallant, one who shows exaggerated attention to his first mistress while he is courting some one else.
3) One who has contracted the vices of a town.
4) A thief.
5) An artist.
6) The chief of the police; V.5; Ś.6.
7) A city-superintendent; cf. नागरिक- प्रणिधिः (nāgarika- praṇidhiḥ) Kau. A.
8) A kind of coitus; ऊरुमूलोपरि स्थित्वा योषिदूरुद्वयं रमेत् । ग्रीवां धृत्वा कराभ्यां च बन्धो नागरको मतः (ūrumūlopari sthitvā yoṣidūrudvayaṃ ramet | grīvāṃ dhṛtvā karābhyāṃ ca bandho nāgarako mataḥ) || Ratimañjarī.
9) (pl.) planets opposite to each other.
-kam 1 Dry ginger. (-rikam) The toll levied from a town.
See also (synonyms): nāgarika.
Nāgaraka (नागरक).—m.
(-kaḥ) 1. The orange; see nāgaraṅga 2. A thief. 3. An artist. E. nāgara, and vuñ aff.
Nāgaraka (नागरक).—[nāgara + ka], m. The chief of a town, [Śākuntala, (ed. Böhtlingk.)] 73, 1, v. r.
Nāgaraka (नागरक).—([feminine] rikā) coming from or living in town; [masculine] citizen, chief of a town or police; [feminine] rikā a woman’s name; [neuter] = [preceding] [neuter]
1) Nāgaraka (नागरक):—[from nāgara] mf(ikā)n. living in a town (opp. to āraṇyaka), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
2) [v.s. ...] clever, cunning, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
3) [v.s. ...] m. a citizen, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
4) [v.s. ...] chief of a town, police-officer, [Śakuntalā] ([varia lectio] for rika) applied to planets opposed to each other, [Varāha-mihira] (cf. nāgara-nṛpati and -yāyi-graha)
5) [v.s. ...] an artist, [Horace H. Wilson]
6) [v.s. ...] a thief, [Horace H. Wilson]
Nāgaraka (नागरक):—(kaḥ) 1. m. The orange; a thief; an artist.
Nāgaraka (नागरक):—(wie eben)
1) adj. a) in der Stadt wohnend, subst. Städter im Gegens. zu āraṇyaka [morgenländischen Gesellschaft 7, 310, Nalopākhyāna 1.] — b) = nāgara 1, b; von Planeten [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 33, 22.] — c) geschickt, gewandt (in gutem und schlechten Sinne, kutsanaprāvīṇyayoḥ) [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 4, 2, 128.] caura, citralekhaka Schol. Daher bei [Wilson’s Wörterbuch] m. Dieb; Maler. —
2) m. Stadthaupt, Polizeimeister [Śākuntala 73, 1. v. l.] für nāgarika . —
3) wohl n. getrockneter Ingwer (vgl. nāgara) [Suśruta 1, 161, 9.]
--- OR ---
Nāgaraka (नागरक):—
4) n. ein best. Metrum [Weber’s Indische Studien 8, 367.]
Nāgaraka (नागरक):——
1) Adj. (f. rikā) — a) städtisch , in der Stadt wohnend. — b) *geschickt , gewandt. —
2) m. — a) Städter. — b) = nāgara 2)b). — c) Stadthaupt , Polizeimeister. —
3) f. rikā Nomen proprium einer Zofe ein best. Metrum. Vgl. nandināgaraka.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Nagaraka (ನಗರಕ):—[noun] = ನಗರಪಾಲಕ [nagarapalaka].
--- OR ---
Nāgaraka (ನಾಗರಕ):—
1) [noun] an officer in charge of guarding a town.
2) [noun] a man who promotes amusements for a king or a man of rank, by keeping his company.
3) [noun] a particular kind of position in coition.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Nāgaraka (नागरक):—n. 1. artisan; craftsman; 2. royal employee for protecting a town; 3. thief;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+0): Nagarakaka, Nagarakalpa, Nagarakarana, Nagarakasarvasva, Nagarakatha, Nagarakavata, Nagarakavritta, Nagarakavritta, Nagarakavritti.
Full-text (+1): Nandinagaraka, Sakhanagaraka, Ujjangalanagaraka, Nagarakavritti, Nagarika, Nangaraka, Nagarakavritta, Nagarak, Nantinakaram, Nakarakam, Ujjangala, Nagara, Udakakshvedika, Kshvedika, Vishama, Cinta, Vritta, Jijnasa, Kudda, Shakya.
Relevant text
Search found 29 books and stories containing Nagaraka, Nāgaraka; (plurals include: Nagarakas, Nāgarakas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Journal of the European Ayurvedic Society (by Inge Wezler)
Regarding Phenaka (trtiyakah phenakah) < [Volume 2 (1992)]
Apropos Mallika < [Volume 4 (1995)]
Kokkoka’s Ratirahasya translated and explained (Part 1) < [Volume 3 (1993)]
Kamashastra Discourse (Life in Ancient India) (by Nidheesh Kannan B.)
6.1. Class and Caste in Ancient India < [Chapter 5 - Looking for Alternatives: Possibilities in Kāmaśāstra]
6.9. Entertainments in Ancient India < [Chapter 5 - Looking for Alternatives: Possibilities in Kāmaśāstra]
Manasollasa (study of Arts and Sciences) (by Mahadev Narayanrao Joshi)
6. Entertainments reflected in Somesvara’s writings < [Chapter 3 - Social and Political conditions reflected in Somesvara’s Manasollasa]
Chitrasalas- Ancient Indian Art Galleries < [September-October 1934]
Theatre-Architecture in Ancient India < [January-February 1933]
Art in General Education < [October 1962]
Markandeya Purana (by Frederick Eden Pargiter)
Kamashastra and Classical Sanskrit literature (study) (by Vishwanath K. Hampiholi)
Chapter 1.4 - The life of Citizens and Educated persons < [Chapter 2 - Kamasutra part 1 (Sadharana-adhikarana)—Critical study]
Conclusion of the first part of the Kamasutra < [Chapter 2 - Kamasutra part 1 (Sadharana-adhikarana)—Critical study]
Chapter 5.5-6 - Regarding the lust of Rulers and Women of the Royal Harem < [Chapter 6 - Kamasutra part 5 (Para-darika-adhikarana )—Critical study]